Main control methods of diseases and pests in mushroom shed
1. Mushroom fly
The larvae, also known as maggots, mainly feed on the fruiting body to cause tunnels and affect the quality, and the wound is also easy to be infected by bacteria and rot. Different methods should be used to control mushroom flies in different periods. There are a large number of maggots in front of this mushroom, which can be fumigated with dichlorvos at the amount of 0.90 kg / 100 square meters, while 0.15 kg of 1% potassium chloride or sodium chloride solution is sprayed on each culture block (which can be replaced by 5% salt water). After mushroom, maggots can be sprayed with low-toxic pesticides such as fish rattan essence, pyrethroid, nicotine and so on. Nicotine can be self-made: take 0.50 kg of tobacco stem, add 5 kg of water to boil and spray the solution. In addition, ventilation should be strengthened and the temperature and humidity in the shed should be adjusted to worsen the living environment of pests and achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling the pests.
2. Mushroom mosquito
Mushroom mosquitoes are the most harmful in the larval stage. In addition to eating on the surface of the culture material, some of them form a net to cover the mushroom buds, so that the mushroom body can not grow normally. Prevention and control method: after harvest, the trichlorfon is sprayed 800 times by 500mur. at the same time, nylon gauze should be added at the door and window of the mushroom shed to prevent adults from flying in to lay eggs and reproduce.
3. Bacterial lice
It is a kind of mites with small individuals and fast crawling. it mainly feeds on fruiting bodies and hyphae. When preventing and controlling, we should first stop the insect source from invading the mushroom shed, because it mainly comes from all kinds of feed in the warehouse and feed room, so when using the warehouse and chicken house as the culture room, we should thoroughly disinfect it, brush the wall with lime, and fumigate with dichlorvos once before use. During the culture period, it was found that the lice could be fumigated with 50% dichlorvos with cotton balls or sprayed with 1% nicotine sulfate solution, or fishy things such as pig bones could be sprayed with pesticides such as parathion and placed near the culture block to lure the lice up. Then take it out and burn it or burn it to death with boiling water.
4. Nematodes
Nematodes are small colorless worms that are only about 1 mm in size. The larvae invaded the mycelium and fruiting body, and the cap blackened at first, and then the whole fruiting body blackened and rotted and smelled moldy. Prevention and treatment: steam should be fully contacted with the culture material when steaming to kill all nematodes. After mushroom emergence, 50 mg / kg zinc sulfide can be sprayed with culture blocks to prevent and control the damage.
5. Jumpers
Also known as ash bug. It has a flexible tail, bounces freely, has a waxy body and is not afraid of water. Often distributed on the surface of the mushroom bed or in damp dark places to bite the fruiting body. Before mushroom emergence, dichlorvos can be trapped with 1000 times of dichlorvos and a small amount of honey. Or apply arsenite preparation or organophosphorus preparation to sweet potato slices for trapping and killing. In general, pesticides can not be used directly after mushroom emergence, at this time, 0.25ml fresh orange peel can be cut into pieces, wrapped with gauze to extract juice, and then sprayed with 0.50kg lukewarm water at 1:20 for 3 times. the effective rate of preventing jumping insects is more than 90%.
6. Slugs
Commonly known as Snotlout, it is a mollusk with a naked body and no shell. They are afraid of light and heat, hide under bricks, stones and soil cracks during the day, come out one after another after dusk to feed, and hide again before dawn. Prevention and control methods: Rice bran or bean cake added 2% calcium arsenate or aluminum arsenate to make poison bait, or 15 Mel 20 times sodium chloride solution can be sprayed on the ground to dispel adults. 9: 00 p. M.-10: 00 p. M. is their concentrated activity period, when manual capture can be carried out.
7. Thrips
The adult is black, small, slightly flattened, with protruding compound eyes and orange-red nymphs. It mainly absorbs bacterial juice, which can lead to bacterial atrophy in severe cases. Prevention and control method: spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500 murine 2000 times, or 90% trichlorfon and 50% malathion 1000 murine 1500 times, and the control effect can reach 80% Mui 90%.
8. Mole cricket
The best effect is to use poison bait. Its formula is 50 grams of trichlorfon, 1500 grams of rice bran or wheat bran, 50g sugar, 250mg white vinegar and sprinkled on the ground. Mole cricket and mosquitoes die immediately after eating.
9. Other pests
Pseudo-walker, borer, potassium sibanli, etc., can be sprayed with 500 murmuri 800 times of rotenin or 1500 times of 80% dichlorvos 1000 Murray 1500 times can achieve better control effect. Termites are a major pest in the south, which mainly harms Fuling and other fungi. Digging nests to kill ants is an effective way to avoid or reduce the damage caused by termites. In addition, the method of stink tree branches can also be used to dig a small ditch around the mushroom shed, put the fresh Toona sinensis branches evenly in the ditch and cover them with soil, which has a strong repellent effect on termites.
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Harvest and processing of Pleurotus ostreatus
7-10 days after the mushroom bud grows, the stalk is 4-5 cm long. When the cap is about to be carried out, it should be harvested in time. The harvested mushrooms should be immediately cut off the aging roots, and then sold fresh or sent to the factory to be canned and processed into salted mushrooms. If the saltwater mushroom is processed, 10% salt water can be used. After boiling, pour the fresh mushroom and turn it up and down for about 10 minutes. When the pot boils and tumbles, pick it up quickly, put it in cold water to cool, and finally marinate it with Baume 20 degrees saturated salt water. Add 35% salt to the mushroom in the jar, stack it with salt, fill it up and sprinkle 2.
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Cultivation of mushroom with raw material
Flammulina velutipes, or Flammulina velutipes, is a kind of fungus that can grow in the severe winter. The fruiting body of Flammulina velutipes is small and beautiful and nutritious. Winter mushroom is a kind of high-grade edible fungus, but its seed production and cultivation are not complicated. At present, clinker cultivation is mostly adopted in China. In order to save energy, reduce and simplify the process of cooking base materials under high pressure or low pressure, the relevant experts have successfully carried out long-term cultivation experiments on raw materials. The new method of cultivating mushroom with raw material is briefly introduced as follows. 1. The cultivation and sowing time of winter mushroom is a kind of low temperature fungus, and the temperature of mushroom production is mostly between 5 and 15 ℃.
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