Cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus, with delicious taste, crisp and tender texture and rich in protein and amino acids, is one of the most popular edible mushrooms in Europe and Southeast Asia.

Requirements for cultivation environment

1. Nutritious Pleurotus ostreatus is a kind of wood-rot fungus, the nutrients needed for its growth and development are mainly carbon and nitrogen sources, suitable carbon sources are sawdust and cottonseed hull, and suitable nitrogen sources are corn meal, soybean cake powder, wheat bran and rice bran. When the mycelium grew on PDA medium, or wheat seed or liquid bacteria were connected to sawdust, sawdust plus cottonseed shell or pure cottonseed shell, the mycelium grew vigorously and could grow fruiting body (mushroom) normally.

two。 The temperature range of mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus is 5 ℃-30 ℃, the optimum temperature is 25 ℃, the fruiting body can be formed at 10 ℃-28 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 20 ℃-22 ℃.

3. Moisture and humidity during the mycelium growth stage, the water content of the culture material is 65%, 70%, the fruiting body needs sufficient water during the growth period, and the air humidity of the mushroom room should be maintained at about 90%. If the humidity is too high, the fruiting body is easy to open the umbrella, and the humidity is too low, so that the fruiting body is dry and does not grow up.

4. The growth of air and light mycelium does not need sufficient light, but the differentiation and development of fruiting body needs scattered light and sufficient oxygen, which is beneficial to the growth of fruiting body.

5. The mycelia of hydrogen ion concentration (PH value) could grow in the range of pH value (PH value) 4mur11, and the optimum PH value was 5mur6, which was slightly acidic.

Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium protease activity is relatively strong, protein utilization ability is also strong, so the preparation of culture materials should add appropriate amount of corn meal or soybean cake powder, which is beneficial to increase the yield.

Production of cultivated species

It is cultivated in polypropylene plastic bag with clinker, the size of the bag is 17mur33cm.

Culture medium formula

1. Sawdust 40%, cottonseed hull 40%, corn meal or soybean meal 5%, wheat bran or rice bran 14%, gypsum 1%.

two。 Cottonseed hull 78%, corn meal or soybean cake powder 5%, wheat bran or rice bran 14%, gypsum 1%.

The sawdust or cottonseed shell is sprinkled or soaked in water in advance, and the rest of the raw materials are mixed with each other, and then fully mixed with the pre-wetted sawdust or cottonseed shell, and the water content is adjusted to 65% and 70%.

After the raw materials are well mixed, they can be bagged to 3 places where the bag is high, and the mouth of the bag can be stuffed with a cotton stopper. The mouth of the bag can be flattened (inoculated and covered with a rubber band). It is necessary to put the bag into the pot within 5 hours to reduce the propagation of microorganisms before sterilization. It is not suitable to bag in the sun to avoid the fermentation and deterioration of the raw materials. When bagging, light packing, light pressure (moderate compression of flat material noodles), light handling and light handling, normal pressure sterilization to keep 100 ℃ 1014 hours High temperature sterilization is maintained at a pressure of 1.5 kg / square centimeter for 3 hours to ensure complete sterilization. After sterilization, it can be inoculated after cooling.

Inoculation

Inoculation must strictly abide by the aseptic operation rules, appropriately increase the amount of inoculation in order to facilitate mycelium colonization and spread as soon as possible, the original species should be white and robust, free of debris spots, and the raw material bottle should be soaked and dried in 0.5% bromogeramine solution in advance. Put into the inoculation box or inoculation room, the inoculation box or inoculation room should be disinfected for 30 minutes according to the regulations, and the surface medium of the original bottle should be cut off 2 cm before inoculation. If liquid bacteria are used, the inoculation volume is 10 ml per bag. After inoculation, the bacterial bag was moved to a clean, dry, ventilated and low-light culture room prepared in advance. During the bacterial period, there was no need for frequent ventilation. After the mycelium grew, the mouth of the bag was loosened to facilitate the formation of mushroom buds. After the mushroom bud, the bag is moved to the mushroom room, the mushroom bud grows gradually, the mouth of the bag is cut off, and the relative humidity of the mushroom room is adjusted to 85% Mui 90%, and the temperature is controlled at about 22 ℃. With the mushroom buds growing around the mushroom, the bag is gradually removed downward. Spray water twice in the morning and evening, but do not spray water directly to the fruiting body, and keep the mushroom room ventilated and scattered light.

Rice harvest

When the bacterial ring is about to break, it must be harvested in time. Once the bacterial ring under the mushroom cover is broken, the harvested mushroom will lose its commercial value.

Pest control

The temperature of cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus is relatively high in season, so special attention should be paid to the control of eye mosquitoes. The white hyphae of the cultivation bags will disappear, the culture materials will turn dark brown, so the mushroom buds cannot be formed, and the mushroom buds that have been formed will shrink and rot. Because during the growth period of the fruiting body (mushroom), no pesticides can be sprayed, so the mushroom house must be fumigated before the cultivation bag is moved to the mushroom house. Doors and windows should be equipped with 60-mesh screen doors and windows to prevent small mosquitoes from entering the mushroom room.