What are the reasons for the deterioration of salted mushrooms and their control measures
In the curing process, if the film and fungus flowers appear, it means that the surface is contaminated by yeast or mold, which can soften the tissue, lose gelatinity and lead to corruption. If contaminated by spoilage bacteria, proteins and amino acids can be decomposed into indole, hydrogen sulfide, etc., which will produce stench and other toxic substances.
The cause of deterioration:
The main results are as follows: (1) the concentration of salt solution is low or the pH value is on the high side: generally, the salinity of salt solution is above 22 Baume, and the pH value is between 4 and 5, which should be adjusted in time in the curing process.
(2) improper curing method: Flammulina velutipes should not be salted by original pickling method (dry salting of one layer of mushroom and one layer of salt). Dry curing usually occurs mildew and sour in the upper layer, blackening in the lower layer, and only normal in the middle layer. This is because the mushroom body in the cylinder is caused by uneven salt, there is little salt in the upper layer, and the mushroom body is often exposed to air, so it is easy to be contaminated by bacteria and molds; after the salt is dissolved, it sinks into the bottom, and the lower salinity increases, which makes the mushroom body black. the salinity of the middle layer is moderate, so the effect of salinization is better.
(3) poor sealing of salt water: in the process of curing and preservation, salt water should be used to seal the container so that the mushroom body can be preserved below the liquid level. When the mushroom body is exposed, due to long-term contact with the air, it will not only cause decay and deterioration, but also make the mushroom body vitamin C (vitamin C) destroyed by oxidation. In addition, the quality of pickling will also affect the quality of processing, iron compounds or hydrogen sulfide and other substances in the water will blacken the mushroom body. Therefore, the water quality must meet the national drinking water hygiene standards.
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Causes and control of death of mushroom buds and young mushrooms
1. Excessive temperature when the mushroom buds form and grow, the temperature of the mushroom shed (room) suddenly rises or is above 20 ℃ for several consecutive days, coupled with poor ventilation, the mushroom buds will atrophy and turn yellow, and finally die. This often happens in late autumn or early spring, because the mushroom bud is formed at low temperature, and its nutrition is transported from the hyphae to the fruiting body, and when the temperature suddenly rises, the nutrition flows back from the fruiting body to the mycelium, and the mushroom bud dies because it does not get nutrition. Prevention and control method: pay close attention to the change of temperature and adjust according to the weather forecast
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Common Species and Control of Deformed Mushrooms
Deformed mushrooms have various forms of expression, the main common ones in production are: mine mushroom, hollow mushroom, big ass mushroom, hard umbrella and early umbrella, red root, rust spot. Mine mushroom. The main reasons are that the covering soil material is too coarse, the soil is hard, the covering soil is thick, the surface water content of the covering soil is less, and the temperature and humidity conditions of the lower part and the base material are suitable for the occurrence and growth of the fruiting body, so it is easy to differentiate into the fruiting body on the material surface or the lower layer of the covering soil, and then drill out of the soil surface. Solution: Select high-quality humus soil, preferably grass
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