Causes and control of death of mushroom buds and young mushrooms

1. Excessive temperature when the mushroom buds form and grow, the temperature of the mushroom shed (room) suddenly rises or is above 20 ℃ for several consecutive days, coupled with poor ventilation, the mushroom buds will atrophy and turn yellow, and finally die. This often happens in late autumn or early spring, because the mushroom bud is formed at low temperature, and its nutrition is transported from the hyphae to the fruiting body, and when the temperature suddenly rises, the nutrition flows back from the fruiting body to the mycelium, and the mushroom bud dies because it does not get nutrition. Prevention and control methods: pay close attention to the change of air temperature, adjust the temperature of mushroom shed (room) according to the weather forecast, keep the temperature of mushroom shed (room) below 20 ℃, and strictly prevent the temperature of mushroom shed (room) from rising suddenly.

Second, the mushroom shed (room) ventilation is poor in winter, mushroom farmers in order to maintain the mushroom shed (room) temperature, often close the mushroom shed (room) tightly, but ignore ventilation. It is also possible that the mushroom shed (room) is too large, although there are ventilation holes around, but the ventilation is uneven, the gas inside and outside the mushroom shed (room) can not be exchanged, the air supply in the mushroom shed (room) is insufficient, and the mushroom buds or young mushrooms can not get enough oxygen and suffocate to death. Prevention and control methods: no matter what the circumstances, we should pay attention to mushroom shed (room) ventilation, ventilation 1-2 times a day, high temperature can be ventilated in the morning or evening, low temperature can be ventilated around noon, ventilation time can be appropriately shorter. On windy days, only the vents of the leeward are opened, while on sunny days when there is no wind, the vents are opened to make the air circulate fully.

Third, during the growth of young mushrooms, spray water directly on the mushroom bed and mushroom body, so that the humidity in the mushroom shed (room) is too high, and if the mushroom shed (room) is poorly ventilated, the stagnant water on the mushroom body can not be distributed in time, and a water film is formed on the surface of the mushroom body. Water stains die, or cause bacterial diseases, causing young mushrooms to rot and die. The fungus tube or soil layer is short of water, and the young mushrooms do not get enough water and die. It is also possible that when the temperature of the mushroom shed (room) is high, water is sprayed directly to the mushroom body, and the mushroom bud is suddenly stimulated to die. Prevention and control methods: when the temperature of the mushroom shed (room) is above 20 ℃, do not spray water; pay attention to ventilation when spraying water, do not spray stuffy water; do not spray water directly on the mushroom body and mushroom bed during the mushroom bud or young period, spray water to the ground and space, keep the mushroom shed (room) suitable humidity; replenish water and adjust humidity in time when the moisture in the mushroom tube or covered soil is insufficient.

4. Mushroom mushroom cultivated in dense bed, such as Pleurotus ostreatus and Coprinus comatus, because the culture material is too dry or the soil is too thin, the hyphae grow fast and form dense mushroom buds on the surface, but part of the mushroom buds die because nutrition can not meet the needs of too many mushroom buds. Bag cultivated mushrooms, such as Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, etc., when the mycelium is not yet mature, the temperature difference between day and night is large, or the bag is turned too many times, and the immersion time is too long, dense mushroom buds will be formed, and most of these buds will die. Prevention and control methods: the thickness of the covered soil is controlled at 3-5 cm; after covering the soil, spray water in time to adjust moisture, so that the soil water content is kept at 18%-20%. The mycelium was cultivated in bag culture until the mycelium was physiologically mature, and then budding was carried out. The stimulation time of temperature difference during bud induction should not be too long, only 3-4 days.

Fifth, the harm of diseases and insect pests and improper use of drugs, excessive spraying and excessive concentration of drugs will lead to the death of mushroom buds or young mushrooms, or even cultivation failure. Control methods: during the period of mushroom production, chemical control is not used, but trapping and artificial killing can be used for prevention and control. If pesticides must be used, only the drugs with low toxicity and low residue should be selected after mushroom harvest, and the concentration should be controlled within the allowable range.