Management of mushroom color transformation

The growth and development of the mycelium of Lentinus edodes enters the physiological mature stage, and the white mycelium on the surface gradually turns into a brown membrane under certain conditions, which is called mycelium color conversion. The depth of color conversion and the thickness of bacterial membrane directly affect the occurrence and development of Lentinus edodes primordium, and have a great relationship with the yield and quality of Lentinus edodes, which is the most important link in the management of Lentinus edodes.

There are many ways to change color, and the method of taking off bag is often used. It is necessary to accurately grasp the time of unbagging, that is, when the hyphae reach physiological maturity. Too early to take off the bag is not easy to change color, too late mycelium aging, often appear yellow water, easy to cause miscellaneous bacteria pollution, or bacterial membrane thickening, Lentinus edodes primordium differentiation is difficult. When taking off the bag, the temperature should be 15 ℃ 25 ℃, preferably 20 ℃. Before taking off the bag, make the floor of the mushroom greenhouse into a bed with a depth of 40cm and a width of 100cm, cover the bottom of the border with a layer of furnace ash or sand, transport the bag to the greenhouse, cut the bag with a razor blade, take off the plastic bag, and arrange the columnar fungus in the border at a distance of 5m / 8cm. If the long bacteria column is unstable, the bamboo pole can be used to build a horizontal frame on the border, and the bacteria column leans against the bamboo pole at an angle of 70 cents and 80 degrees. After taking off the bag, the bacterial column should prevent the sun and the wind from blowing. At this time, the air relative humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled at 75% 80%. The bacterial column with yellow water can be washed with clean water. Take off the bag and drain the bacteria column quickly, fill a bed, arch the top of the border with bamboo immediately, cover it with plastic film, press it tightly around, moisturize and keep warm. After all the bacteria are discharged, the temperature of the greenhouse should be controlled at 17Mui 20 ℃, not more than 25 ℃. If the temperature is high, you can spray cold water into the space of the greenhouse to cool down. Add more shade to the greenhouse during the day, remove the shade at night, and strengthen ventilation to cool down. The light should be dimmer. Try not to uncover the mulch on the border for the first 5 days, when the relative humidity in the border should be 85%, 90%, and there are condensed water droplets on the plastic film, so that the hyphae continue to grow in a warm, humid and stable environment. It should be noted that during this period, if the temperature is high and the humidity is too high, the cover of the bed should be opened for ventilation for 20 minutes every day when the temperature is low in the morning and evening. When opening the cover film of the border, the greenhouse should not be ventilated at the same time, and the ventilation time of both should be staggered. When the bacteria column 5mi is standing for 7 days, when the surface of the bacteria column is covered with thick white fluffy aerial hyphae, it is necessary to strengthen the times of film release and ventilation, 2 times a day for 30 minutes each time, increase oxygen and light (scattered light), enlarge the dry and wet difference on the surface of the bacteria column, restrict the growth of the mycelium and promote its color conversion. When 7Mel begins to change color in 8 days, ventilation can be increased for 1 hour at a time. Combined with ventilation, gently spray water on the surface of the bacteria column for 1 / 2 times a day, and then dry for 1 hour before covering the film. Spray water continuously for 2 days, and finish the color conversion from 10 to 12 days. In production practice, due to different sowing seasons and different climatic conditions, especially temperature conditions, the speed of color conversion is different, and the specific operation should be flexibly controlled according to the mycelium growth on the surface of the column.

Common abnormal phenomena and treatment methods in the process of changing color.

① color change is too light or does not change color: if the bacteria column is exposed to sunlight or dry wind when taking off the bag, causing the bacteria column surface to be dry, you can spray water to the bacteria column, restore the humidity of the bacteria column surface, cover the film, reduce the number of ventilation and shorten the ventilation time. Ventilation can be done twice a day for 10 minutes each time. If the relative humidity of the space air is too low or the temperature is lower than 12 ℃ or higher than 28 ℃, humidification and temperature control measures should be taken in time to keep the humidity in the border at 85% ℃ and the temperature at 15 ℃.

The mycelium on the surface of ② bacteria column has been growing vigorously, and it does not lodge or change color when it reaches 2mm: this phenomenon is caused by hypoxia, suitable temperature, but high humidity, or too high nitrogen content in culture material. This needs to extend the ventilation time and let the light shine on the bacterial column, increasing the difference between dry and wet on the surface of the bacterial column, forcing the hyphae to lodge. If it still has no effect, the bacterial column can be sprayed with 3% lime water and dried until the surface of the bacterial column is not sticky and slippery, and then cover the film to restore normal management.

The ③ mycelium is dehydrated, and there is a sting on the surface of the bacterial column by hand: the relative humidity of the air and the humidity on the surface of the bacterial column can be increased by spraying water, so that the relative humidity of the air in the film can be kept at 85% Mel 90%.

About two days after the removal of ④, the tumorous mycelium on the surface of the bacteria column produced bubble expansion, local flake shedding, or partially detached from the bacteria column to form a suspension shape: the main reason for this phenomenon was due to external force damage or high temperature (28 ℃), or it may be due to early bagging, insufficient bacterial age and immature hyphae, which could not adapt to the changing environment. The solution is to strictly control the temperature at 15 ℃, the air relative humidity of 85% and 90%, to promote the growth of new hyphae on the surface of the bacteria column, and then to promote its color conversion.

When ⑤ found that the bacterial column was contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, the bacterial column could be sprayed with 500x solution of Ⅱ-type chlorpromazine, once a day for 3 days. After each spray, dry a little and then cover the film.

In addition to taking off the bag and changing color, some people use the method of acupuncture micro-hole ventilation to change color, and take off the bag to produce mushrooms after changing color. Some do not take off the bag, when the Lentinus edodes fruiting body primordium appears around the inoculation hole of the bacterial bag, cut the plastic bag around the primordium with a knife to expose the primordium, and carry on the mushroom production management. After the first tide of mushrooms, the whole bag changed color, and then took off the bag to soak in the water to produce the second tide of mushrooms. These color conversion methods are simple and moisturizing, and can reduce the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria in the high temperature season.