Prevention and control of deformed mushroom

The manifestations of deformed mushrooms are various, and the common ones in production are: "mine mushroom", "hollow mushroom", "big-ass mushroom", "hard opening umbrella and early opening umbrella", "red root", "water spot".

The main reason for the formation of "Pleurotus ostreatus" is that the cover soil material is too thick, the soil quality is hard, the cover soil is thick, the surface layer of the cover soil contains less water, and the temperature and humidity conditions of its lower part and base material are suitable for the occurrence and growth of the entity. therefore, it is easy to differentiate into a fruiting body in the middle and lower layer of the material surface or the covered soil layer, and then drill out of the soil surface. Solution: select high-quality humus soil, it is best to use peat soil, even if you take soil from general cultivated land and dig raw soil less than 20 cm, it does not matter, can be proportionally mixed with a certain amount of mature cow dung or wheat bran, rice husk, etc.; in the process of soil collection, soil drying and treatment, it should be screened to keep most of the soil grains with the size of @ # @ 245 grains, and the largest can be about 1pm of corn kernels, accompanied by some soil flour. Cover the soil need not be too thick, generally about 3 cm, conditional can be covered with a layer of 1-1.5 cm thick coarse soil, then covered with fine soil, and pay attention to maintain a uniform corresponding moisture content.

The reason for the formation of "hollow mushroom" is that due to the lack of water content in the overlying soil layer or the low water content in the base material, the demand for water for the normal growth of mushroom body can not be met, which is the main reason for the occurrence of hollow mushroom. In addition to solving the problem of water content in the overlying soil layer, appropriate greenhouse moisture is an effective auxiliary means, which can be regulated in the range of 85-90%, and it is disadvantageous to be too high and too low.

The reason for the formation of "big-ass mushroom" is that the temperature of the shed rises and drops suddenly, the temperature difference is large, or it is attacked by cold or hot air, the growth of the stalk of the fungus cap is not balanced, or because the humidity of the shed is too low, and the water content of the overlying soil layer is suitable, and so on. In addition, some chemicals can also lead to the occurrence of this kind of deformed mushroom.

"hard opening and early opening" mushroom temperature difference between day and night is more than 10 ℃, or when attacked by cold air, it will cause hard opening. If the density of mushroom is too high, the temperature is too high, the humidity is too low, and the fruiting body grows fast and the handle is thin and thin, the umbrella will open ahead of time. The prevention and control method is to build curtains outside the room during temperature fusion to keep the indoor temperature and humidity basically stable.

The red root may be formed by using too much water in the high temperature stage before mushroom emergence, too much water content in the overlying soil layer, sour culture material, too much sugar topdressing, poor ventilation and so on. Attention should be paid to keeping the water content of the covered soil between 22% and 25%, so as to avoid spraying water at high temperature. Topdressing should be appropriate, sugar content should be moderate. If you find red root, you can spray some lime water properly.

After the mushrooms have been sprayed with water for many times, the "water blotches" require that the doors and windows should be opened for 0.5 hours to 1 hour for ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh. Otherwise, if the humidity in the mushroom is too high, small water droplets will be left on the mushroom surface and ferruginous spots will be formed for a longer time.

In addition, some drugs, oils and gases, such as diesel oil commonly used in rural areas, dichlorvos commonly used in edible fungi, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide produced by heating stoves, can also lead to the occurrence of a number of other abnormal mushrooms, according to the specific situation, carefully analyze the reasons and prescribe the right medicine to avoid damage to production.