New technology of indoor shelf clinker cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus

Jinfu mushroom is a kind of rare mushroom newly developed in recent years, which is suitable for cultivation from late spring to mid-autumn because of its high temperature, which solves the problem of annual cultivation in mushroom house and less cultivation area and varieties of edible fungi in summer. can not meet the market demand, the development prospect is broad. At present, there are a variety of cultivation methods and management methods, so the mushroom production and yield are also very unstable, especially in the primordium stage. Because the indoor temperature difference between day and night is small (especially the effect of cultivating mushrooms with clay walls is better), the phenomenon of dead mushrooms will not occur because of the sudden high temperature outside; it is easy to control humidity, and after spraying water on the ground and around, the water vapor rises, which can form a good environment for mushroom production, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of primordia and the growth of fruiting bodies, and the mushrooms are in good shape. The indoor shelf clinker cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus are introduced as follows:

I. season selection

Pleurotus ostreatus is a high-temperature edible fungus, the mycelium can grow normally at 20-35 ℃, the optimum temperature range is 25-30 ℃, and the fruiting body formation temperature is 15-35 ℃, 22-30 ℃ is the best. According to the temperature requirements of mycelium growth and fruiting body development of Pleurotus ostreatus, the cultivation season can be arranged reasonably according to the local temperature. generally, the local temperature rises to more than 20%, and the bag production season is 40-50 days ahead. Spring planting is generally from February to April, May to July, while autumn planting is from July to August and September to October.

II. Formulation of culture materials and production of cultivation bags

1. Culture material formula:

① conventional sawdust clinker medium. Dry sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, brown sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, material-water ratio 1 ∶ 1.1-1.2.

② corncob 50%, cottonseed husk 46%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 2%, superphosphate 1%.

③ straw 76%, cottonseed hull 20%, lime 2%, gypsum 1%, superphosphate 1%. Local materials can be used according to local resource conditions.

two。 Cultivation bag production: according to the cultivation material formula called sufficient raw materials, mix materials evenly bagged, sterilization, inoculation and conventional bag cultivation methods are the same. The culture bag that received the bacteria was moved into the ventilated culture room, and the bacteria bag was sparsely excreted. During the cultivation period, the air was ventilated frequently and the temperature was controlled below 32 ℃. Attention should be paid to cooling and ventilation when the temperature is too high, and appropriate heating and ventilation should be carried out when the temperature is too low. When the mycelia were cultured at 25: 32 ℃ for 30 to 40 days, the hyphae could fill the bacterial bag. Pay attention to whether the bacterial bag was contaminated or not, and the miscellaneous bacteria should be disposed of in time.

3. Cultivation methods

1. Cultivation methods: Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated indoors and outdoors, such as shelf cultivation, border cultivation in small arch shed, bag planting and basket cultivation, etc. The indoor shelf cultivation room should be convenient for moisturizing, heat preservation, ventilation and light permeability. the specification of the bed frame should be 1 meter wide, 2.5 meters long, 0.6 meters high and 0.4 meters above the ground. Leave an aisle around the bedstead. In accordance with the above requirements, all localities can transform and utilize simple rooms according to the actual situation, or build mushroom houses according to local conditions. It should be noted that when the cultivation room is too large, due to the high temperature in summer, indoor heat preservation is more difficult, plastic film can be used to wrap several bedframes to form several relatively independent small spaces to solve the problem of rapid change of air relative temperature, so as to maintain a relatively stable temperature, which is the key to the success of cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus.

two。 Unbagged and covered with soil: full unbagged covered soil vertical buried cultivation method was adopted. The specific measures are as follows: in the sterilized room, lay a layer of sunshade net at the bottom of the bed (woven bags can also be used), then take off all the outer plastic bags of the cultivation bags with good bacteria and discharge them vertically on the border bed. During discharge, the gap of 1-1.5 cm should be kept before and after discharge, and the middle should be compacted with soil. Pay attention to the fact that fine soil should not be laid at the bottom of the bed, otherwise part of the fruiting body will grow from the bottom of the bed, which will affect the commercial quality and output of Pleurotus ostreatus. After taking off the bag, cover the soil on the bed surface, generally cover soil materials such as river mud, peat soil, field soil, etc., cover soil 2-3 days before going to bed to transfer water, spray water 4-6 times a day, until the hand can be pinched flat without breaking, non-sticky hands, no white heart, the thickness of the covered soil is 2.5-3.5 cm.

3. Management before mushroom emergence: under normal temperature and humidity, the mycelium can resume growth in 24 hours, and the mycelium begins to climb the soil in about 3 days. Generally, the white hyphae climb to the soil surface 12-15 days after covering the soil. At this stage, the air humidity should be controlled at 85%-90%, and water can be sprayed to the ground to increase the humidity. When the hyphae climb up the soil surface and distribute evenly on the soil surface, strengthen ventilation or spray water to promote the mycelium lodging to prevent the aerial hyphae from overgrowing to form the quilt and affect the mushroom production. After ventilation or water spraying, the mycelium changed from vegetative growth stage to reproductive growth stage, and the mycelium twisted to form primordia to produce mushroom buds.

4. Management after mushroom production: after the emergence of primordia, the relative humidity of the air should be kept above 90%, ventilation should be strengthened, and differential management should be carried out according to different stages of fruiting body growth and development. The development process of fruiting body can be divided into primordial stage, young mushroom stage, elongation stage and mature stage. The primordial stage is the critical period for the transformation to young mushrooms, which is prone to death, resulting in a reduction in production. It is necessary to keep the environmental humidity relatively stable and master the principle of "giving priority to protection and supplement as supplement". Generally, there is no need to spray water. dry weather can be taken to spray water to the ground and space spray water, do not spray water to the mushroom body When the fruiting body grows to 2 cm high and enters the extension stage, the adaptability to environmental hygiene begins to be enhanced, and water can be sprayed once or twice a day, using a spray with small droplets upward or laterally. At the same time, increase the ventilation rate; when the fruiting body enters the mature stage, it can spray less water and keep the relative humidity at 85%-95%.

5. Harvest: it takes 12 to 15 days for Pleurotus ostreatus to mature from primordium to fruiting body. When the height of the fruiting body stalk is about 15 cm and the cover is not yet completely flat, it should be harvested in time. When harvesting, hold the base of the stalk in hand and pull up the whole clump. If necessary, cut off the mushrooms to be picked with a clean blade and keep other small mushrooms. The harvested fruit bodies can be sold in small packages or dried. After the harvest of Pleurotus ostreatus, clean the bed, remove the residue and aging hyphae, fill the soil to level the material surface, and then adjust the temperature, humidity, ventilation and other environmental conditions to move to the second management stage. Generally, 2-3 tide mushrooms can be harvested.