A Method for Rapid Seedling Formation of Euonymus Japonica

I. Propagation: cutting is the main way

(1) cutting period

The traditional cutting period in the north is mostly from late October to early November, that is, the dormant period, which can not take root in the same year because of the late cutting season and low temperature, so it must be replanted after taking root in the following spring, and the transplanting time is postponed accordingly. As a result, the growth period of seedlings in the year of transplanting is short and the growth is small, and the seedlings can not come out of the nursery until the fourth spring and autumn. That is, it takes two and a half to three years from cutting propagation to coming out of the nursery.

In order to raise seedlings quickly and shorten the seedling cycle, we changed the cutting time, that is, in the growing season, from May to early October. The cuttings from May to August can be transplanted in the same year, and those from August to early October will be transplanted early after soil thawing in the following spring, so as to prolong the growth period of the transplanting year, and the seedling growth will be large, which lays the foundation for rapid seedling formation. In short, early cutting, early transplanting and early coming out of the nursery shorten half a year to one and a half years compared with the traditional dormant period. During the growing period, the whole process of cutting seedlings takes about one and a half years to two years, and because it can be propagated in batches from May to early October, it alleviates the shortage of supply and demand of seedlings and basically ensures the annual supply of seedlings.

(2) during the cutting process, a seedbed is laid in a high and dry place, with a width of 1.2 m-1.5 m, and the length depends on the location and the amount of seedlings used. After leveling and removing impurity, clean river sand with a thickness of about 20 cm is spread on the top, and 0.3% potassium permanganate solution is sprayed through the sand bed for disinfection. Cuttings used in the growing period should grow robust, free from diseases and insect pests, more than semi-lignified, cut into 10 cm to 15 cm long, remove the middle and lower leaves, retain the middle and upper robust leaves, and soak the base of the cuttings in 100mg/kg indole butyric acid solution for 4-6 hours, or quickly dipped in 500mg/kg indole butyric acid solution to promote rooting. Punch holes in the prepared sand bed with a thin bamboo stick or steel bar according to the row spacing of 4-5 cm, and then insert the treated cuttings into the hole, with a depth of 1 inch 2-1 stroke 3 of the length of the cuttings, and press the sand at the cuttings by hand to make them close to each other so that they can absorb water later. After the cutting is finished, water or spray through the sand bed, which is arched with plastic film, and the top of the film is shaded by materials such as bamboo curtain or Reed curtain or sunshade net.

(3) after insertion, the management keeps the high air humidity in the arch shed about 80%, 90%, the humidity of the sand is clutched by hand, it is appropriate to disperse at a touch, the water content is about 60-80%, and the temperature is controlled below 35 degrees Celsius and 25-30 degrees Celsius. The regulation of microclimate in the shed can be accomplished by spraying water (can be directly outside the film), watering, covering film, shading and letting off air. After about 30-40 days, the cuttings can be gradually ventilated, the shading materials can be removed to refine the seedlings, and after about 7-10 days, the seedlings can be transferred and planted.

Second, transplantation: it is appropriate to choose seedlings for transplanting before cloudy or rainy days. Seedlings without long-term storage and transportation can be transplanted without bare roots, small seedlings can be planted with bare roots, and large seedlings need to carry soil balls. It was transplanted according to the density of 20 × 25 cm. The soil must be stepped on after planting and watered immediately after transplantation. the second and third times of water are very important for the survival of seedlings, especially in the summer high temperature season. According to the weather and soil moisture, the second watering time can be within 3-7 days after the first water. Put the potted plants in the shade for the time being. Keep the soil moist during the growing period and apply fertilizer once every 2 months. Shape by pruning the whole plant. Stop fertilizing in winter.

Third, the main points of cultivation in the growing period of seedlings: in order to grow seedlings quickly, the management of fertilizer, water and pruning should be strengthened after the seedlings are transplanted and survived.

(1) Fertilizer and water: seedlings transplanting combined with soil preparation with appropriate amount of rotten organic fertilizer, if there are no conditions, crushed straw can be applied, about urea 7kg is applied every 666.7 square meters, 5kg urea and 3-5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be recovered during the growing period, fertilization combined with watering, attention should be paid to controlling flood and stopping nitrogen fertilizer application after September, so as to promote seedlings to be full and healthy and prevent greedy green from growing in the later stage. Causing the branches to dry up in winter and spring. Pour enough antifreeze water on the soil before freezing to prepare for overwintering, and before sprouting in spring, pour enough sprouting water to spring slightly. Besides. In order to facilitate the growth of seedlings, mulching and water-saving and drought-resistant cultivation can be carried out. The materials covered are wheat straw, sawdust, waste substrate after mushroom cultivation, etc., and the thickness of the mulch is about 15mur20cm. This method is very good for saving water and improving soil fertility, and can be carried out all year round. In a word, the management of fertilizer and water during seedling growth should grasp the principle of promoting before and controlling after.

(2) pruning: commercial seedlings require not only a certain height, generally more than 60 cm, but also a certain number of branches and a certain crown width. It is generally required that each plant have 5-7 longer branches. Therefore, reasonable shaping and pruning at seedling stage must be strengthened. If the seedlings grow rapidly after transplantation, the plants with less than 4 branches can be coring so as to promote the lateral buds to germinate into long branches; for the branches that grow too much in spring and summer, remove the top and pick the heart at any time to balance the growth power of the branches of the whole plant. After entering September in autumn, all the uncapped branches should be coring in order to control lengthening growth, promote branch enrichment, improve the level of nutrient accumulation of the whole plant, and be beneficial to overwintering and anti-freezing, as well as sprouting, branching and leaf spreading in the following spring; before the spring began to grow, the plants with less than 4 long branches were cut short to stimulate lateral buds to sprout and grow.

(3) the application of growth regulators: spraying 600-1000mg/kg paclobutrazol solution once a month from the middle of August to the middle of October can effectively control the growth of new shoots and make the branches strong and full. In addition, soil application can also be used to achieve the same effect. From August to September, according to the dosage of 500g-600g per 666.7 square meters, it was evenly applied to about 20 cm deep soil layer and watered once so that the seedling roots could absorb it.