Comprehensive measures to prevent the occurrence of bee disease in spring

In the practice of beekeeping, it is found that the occurrence of bee disease is directly related to the technology of feeding and management. Especially in the north of China, when the temperature difference between early and late spring is large, and the sources of honey and powder are scarce, the bee colony is most prone to bee disease. Once the disease occurs, it is bound to cause losses and affect the proliferation and economic benefits of the colony. Therefore, in spring, we should take the measures of "prevention first and treatment as the supplement" to control the occurrence of bee disease. The specific measures are as follows:

1. Selection and treatment of bee release sites.

Beekeepers should choose the most basic conditions of the site should be leeward to the sun, the terrain is dry. More willow species should be selected in spring, and shallow mountain areas or cutting sites dominated by Aceraceae plants should be selected in spring. Only by ensuring sufficient honey and powder sources can we reproduce strong groups and enhance the disease resistance of @ # @ 255 plants. In the practice of beekeeping, in order to reduce the labor intensity, beekeepers are accustomed to using the sites where the bees were released last year to rearrange them, in order to prevent the colonies from spreading various diseases (especially chalk), spray the site with 1%-3% caustic soda solution 15-20 days before the bees are placed, and sprinkle some quicklime after 5-7 days; disinfect and sterilize. It is best to seize the opportunity to burn the site with fire and sterilize at high temperature during the non-fire period. After the bee swarm is placed on the site, it is necessary to dig drainage ditches to ensure the smooth flow of running water on rainy days. Otherwise, bee disease will be induced by dampness in the beehive. In addition, the diameter distance between beehives should be more than 10 to 15 kilometers, so as to avoid colony crowding, resulting in bee disease cross-infection and serious loss of bees.

2. Release the adjustment of bee colony during the overwintering period.

After the overwintering period of 120-140 days in the north, the temperature above 7 ℃, breeze or no wind should be chosen to lift out the overwintering bee colony to promote its excretion. On the same day, clean up all the dead bees in the hive, replace the damp beehives and merge the kingless and weak groups; according to the needs of beekeeping production, choose the strong colony of 6 frames of bees as the father group, breed drones, and balance other colonies; the bees reared on the ground should be slightly more than the spleen, and the bees raised in the fixed area should be matched with the spleen, and enough feed should be left in the colony. Within 3-5 days after colony excretion, bee mites should be severely treated for 1 or 2 times to reduce the harm of bee mites to the colony and make the bees grow healthily. According to the early and late excretion time, the prisoner king and flight control should be carried out as appropriate. Feeding observation found that bees reproduce early, under the conditions of no honey, powder sources and low temperature, bees feed a large number of larvae, but once the continuous change of weather, bees have no chance of excretion, resulting in indigestion or reptile disease; especially in early breeding, bees feathered out of the house with sugar water, pollen or substitute pollen have poor physique, and bees are easy to be infected with bee disease. Therefore, early reproduction of bee colonies is not advocated in the north of China.

3. Create a suitable breeding environment.

The spring reproduction begins when the bee colony is added to the pollen spleen in spring. In order to prevent the occurrence of bee disease and promote the healthy reproduction of the colony, heat preservation should be carried out according to the colony potential of the colony, internal and external heat preservation should be carried out if the group is weak, and some quicklime should be sprinkled on the external insulation. Through years of observation, it is found that the occurrence of bee disease is directly related to the long-term use of straw mat as insulation. The disadvantage of straw mat is: when feeding sugar water, the water discharged by bees is absorbed by straw mat and cannot be discharged directly, so bees will get sick under wet conditions; secondly, there are residual drugs on rice straw to control crop diseases and insect pests, which often cause slight pesticide poisoning by bees and affect the reproduction of bees. In order to prevent the occurrence of bee disease, it is best to put the weeds cut back in the field into a woven bag to make a pad for heat preservation in the colony, and choose good weather to often air the insulation to keep the hive dry. When checking the colony, it is necessary to cut off the non-species drones, because the drones have a large nutritional demand, and when the external honey and powder sources are slightly poor in spring, the drones are easy to get sick during the development period; when it is snowing in spring, it is necessary to control the flight of the colony. However, do not take the method of closing the nest door, so it is easy to make the bee colony hot, resulting in "flower arrangement spleen". Try not to open the box to check the colony when the temperature is low to prevent frostbite of bee larvae.

4. Eliminate inferior queen bees in time

As we all know, a high-quality queen bee is a key measure to reproduce a strong colony, while a poor-quality queen bee is not only unable to reproduce in a colony, but also a hidden danger to induce bee disease. In particular, the spring group potential, external climate, honey and powder sources do not have the conditions to cultivate the king. During the inspection of the colony, the queen bee who found abnormal spawning was always reluctant to be eliminated and was not replaced until a new queen was cultivated, which made the colony sick. The prevention and control measures were so unfavorable that they spread throughout the beehive. Therefore, it is not a breeding-based bee farm to raise inbred lines, artificial insemination and Lao Wang for more than 3 years as much as possible. Raise more natural mating hybrid queen bees with strong disease resistance, and find that inferior queen bees are eliminated and merged in time to control the bee disease caused by queen bee factors.

In the feeding and management of the colony, the prevention of bee disease is a long-term work, every link can not be careless, always do a good job in the prevention of bee disease, so that the healthy reproduction and growth of the colony, in order to produce high-quality bee products and improve the income of beekeeping.