Cultivation techniques of almond

In the spring of 2002, we introduced three excellent varieties, such as Naplas, from the Institute of Fruit Science of Shandong Province for planting. It was found that the comprehensive characters were excellent, the adaptability was strong, the early fruit, the fruit was big and uniform, and the flavor was excellent. The key points of cultivation techniques are as follows:

The main results are as follows: 1. Garden selection: almond has lax requirements on soil, barren tolerance, drought resistance and cold resistance. The construction of the garden should choose sandy loam with fertile soil, deep soil layer and good ventilation.

2. Planting and establishing garden: the main varieties of high-quality almond with seedling height of 80cm and diameter of more than 0.8cm were selected, and Mishen and Napuras were used as the double pollination trees of Napuri at 4:1. The row spacing of the fixed plant is 3 m × 4 m or 4 m × 5 m, and the planting time can be divided into spring planting and autumn planting.

3. Shaping and pruning: adopt natural happy shape. Almond has strong branching ability and is easy to be shaped and pruned. Young trees and early fruit period grow vigorously, when the new shoot grows to 50-60 cm, the heart should be picked in time, and the excess branches should be removed at the same time, and the upper branches and upright branches should be taken or twisted, so that the branches occupy space reasonably, so that the results and growth are consistent, and basically do not move to cut in winter. The methods of truncation, branch thinning, retraction and throwing are mainly used for the pruning of aging trees in the dormant period.

4. Fertilizer and water management: after the first development of new leaves in the planting year, 0.3% urea solution was sprayed every 10-15 days, a total of 3-4 times, applying base fertilizer once a year, 15 kg per plant, 2-3 years for adult trees and 50-100 kg per plant. Fruit trees should strengthen fertilizer and water management and apply fertilizer 3 times a year, that is, budding, hard shell stage and fruit harvest, combined with watering. In the later stage of growth, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves to promote branch enrichment, and frozen water should be watered once before freezing.

5. Pest control: spray 5 pommel stone sulfur mixture before sprouting to kill overwintering eggs; spray 2000-3000 times of deltamethrin once after Xiehua, or 1500-2000 times of 25% diflubenzuron 3 suspension to control Lepidoptera pests. 1500-2000 times of moth and aphids can be used to kill moths and aphids, and 4000-5000 times of Zaomijing is selected to control red spiders. 70% mancozeb wettable powder 800 times can be used for the prevention and treatment of bacterial perforation and gum disease, and it can be sprayed every 15 days for a total of 3-4 times.