Characteristics and cultivation techniques of carmine peach

The Fuxin Plant Research Institute of Meixian County has introduced 47 peach varieties since 1986. After years of selection and breeding, a high-quality early-maturing plant was selected in 1998, which was named "precocious rouge peach". Certified by the provincial science and technology department, this variety is the leading excellent variety in China.

The field characters of more than ten years show that rouge peach is coarse, easy to manage, early fruiting and high yield. The fruit can be hung in the second year after planting, 20kg in the third year, 100kg in six years, and 3000-4000 kg per mu in the peak yield period. It begins to bloom in the middle of February and blossoms in the last ten days of the year, and begins to mature and harvest in the middle and late of April. Average single fruit weight 150 grams, maximum fruit weight 240 grams, soluble solids 11-12%, fruit oblong, fruit top like olecranon, mature peel from carmine to red, meat crisp, sweet and sour palatable, is a hard peach variety. As the harvest time is in the off-season of fruit, it is very popular.

Carmine peach has exuberant growth, open tree potential, strong stress resistance and good flower bud differentiation. It still has no significant effect on pollination and fertilization in rainy and dry days during flowering period, and the fruit setting rate is very high in successive years. The technical measures for early fruiting and high yield are as follows:

1. Choose the place. Rouge peach is resistant to drought, waterlogging and aerobic, so it is appropriate to choose loam or sandy loam with loose soil and good drainage. However, it is not suitable to plant in areas where the soil is too sticky and the groundwater level is high.

2. Planting. According to the row spacing of 4-5 × 3-4 meters, 33-55 plants per mu are planted, 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.6 m holes are opened, 30 kg of barnyard manure and 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied in the middle and lower layers, and 10 kg of fire ash is applied in the upper layer. 20-30 cm mound, planted in November to January of the following year, the seedlings can also be pseudo-planted in the nutrition cup to April-May.

3. Soil management. Young trees carry out shallow loosening of 5-10 cm twice a year and cover the tree plate in high temperature seasons. they can also plant a round of dwarf legume crops or use the method of growing grass to adjust the microclimate of the orchard. Fruit trees mainly focus on turning over the garden in winter.

4. Fertilizer management. Young trees are mainly applied nitrogen, combined with phosphorus and potassium, to achieve diligent and thin application. Fruit trees should pay attention to the application of potash fertilizer. The fertilization of rich trees in a year is: ① winter fertilizer from November to December. Plant use (the same below) barnyard manure 20 kg, fire soil 10 kg. Spring bud fertilizer of ② in January. Urea, compound fertilizer 500 grams each, plus 30 grams of borax. Hard nuclear fertilizer of ③ in March. Potassium sulfate, phosphorus powder 1 kg each, urea 0.5 kg. The pre-fruit fat of ④ in early April. 0.5 kg potassium sulfate flushes 2 piculs of high quality dung water. ⑤ postharvest fertilizer from May to June. Urea and phosphorus powder are 0.5 kg each.

5. Plastic surgery. High-yielding peach trees are mainly natural happy shape, and in the first year after planting, the tree shape is created by wiping tips, truncation, pulling branches and other methods.

6. Pest control. Carmine peach mainly focuses on the prevention and control of peach heart borer, peach aphid, peach anthracnose and gum disease.

Peach heart borer: ① cleans the garden in winter and sprinkles lime powder on the ground. During the emergence and spawning period of adult ②, 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution or sugar, wine and vinegar were used to trap and kill.

Peach aphid: 2.5% lice aphid 2000 times solution or 10% aphid lice net 3000 times solution in spring bud and spring shoot stage.

Anthrax: ① sprays 0.8% equivalent Bordeaux solution in spring bud. ② uses 70% methyl topiramate 800x solution from March to April, again every 15 days.

Glue disease: ① cut off the diseased branches in winter, scrape off the glue and apply 75% Baimiaoqing 100x liquid. ② spray 50% Tuimiaote 500 times solution in summer. Twice in a row.