Cultivation techniques of apricot

1) cultivation characteristics and characteristics. Apricot plants are clustered, strong branching performance, fast growth, each leaf axil can grow lateral branches. When the temperature is suitable after topping, the side branches can reach the harvest standard in about 15 days. Stem creeping growth, up to 120 cm long, leaves triangular, alternate. The mesophyll is thick, each leaf axil bears yellow florets, the flowers are few, without petals. The lower position of the ovary, the fruit is nuts, water chestnut-shaped, like spinach, there are several seeds, the weight of a thousand seeds is 83 to 100 grams. Apricot is warm, heat-resistant, low-temperature resistant, drought-resistant, saline-alkali resistant, wet and afraid of waterlogging. The ability of root regeneration is weak. High temperature and rainy summer, the plant is too dense, easy to cause rotten stem and die. Not resistant to frost, but good adaptability to low temperature. Summer drought, strong light, leaves hardening, curling, poor food. Virus disease can be induced by drought and strong light at seedling stage. The light is weak, the humidity is high, and the stems and leaves are tender. Apricot is a natural pollution-free vegetable with strong growth and few diseases and insect pests during the whole growing period. Apricot can be harvested continuously in one cultivation, sown in spring, and can be harvested after 50 days until frost, so it is easy to cultivate. Apricot seeds are easy to fall off and not easy to be harvested, so they need to be harvested in batches. Fallen seeds can germinate in autumn or the following spring after overwintering.

2) cultivation mode. Open field cultivation can be carried out during the frost-free period in Beijing, and greenhouse cultivation can be advanced or delayed. Summer anti-strong light, rain and waterlogging, energy-saving solar greenhouse can be cultivated in four seasons to ensure annual supply.

3) cultivation techniques ① seed preparation. If the apricot seeds are sufficient, dense sowing or close planting can be considered, and then harvested alternately, which can increase the yield in the early stage. Apricots can be direct seeded, or seedlings can be transplanted; if there are not enough seeds, it is best to raise seedlings and transplant. Direct seeding requires 30,37.5 kg of seeds per minute. Seedlings can be raised by point plates or nutrition bowls, which can reduce root injury and require 11.25 kg of seeds. Raising seedlings can save seeds and sow seeds in advance. Although the planting of apricot is slow, but the survival rate is very high. ② soil preparation, fertilizing, making beds. Due to the long growing period of apricot, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, 75000 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare. The characteristics of soil and apricot like dampness and fear of waterlogging should be taken into account when making border. Watering should be convenient and drainage should be good. If there are sprinkler irrigation facilities, we can consider the use of flat and high border, irrigation and drainage are better solved. Sowing and planting date of ③. Direct seeding in the open field in Beijing can sow seeds anywhere from April to May, but early sowing can be more efficient, raising seedlings in the middle of March and planting in mid-late April. Energy-saving solar greenhouse can sow seeds all the year round. ④ cultivation density. The seedlings were fixed in two rows of 1.33 meters, with a distance of 30 centimeters and three rows of 1.67 meters. The distance between plants was 40 centimeters, and there were 45000 seedlings per hectare. ⑤ field management water: apricot pericarp is hard, seedling emergence is slow, need to pay attention to watering in spring drought, seedling transplanting, because of apricot root regeneration ability is weak, slow seedling (looks like dead), so it is necessary to timely replenish water to promote seedling retardation. Sowing and planting late, strong light, drought should be timely watering, in order to prevent virus disease. Plant growth should be accelerated to keep the soil moist, luxuriant plant growth, dense branches, be careful not to be too wet, dry and wet, too moist and perishable, pay attention to drainage in summer. Fertilizer: under the condition of sufficient base fertilizer, the field management is mainly based on the application of chemical fertilizer. Less application in the seedling stage, chemical fertilizer can be applied according to the situation in the vigorous growth period. Pruning: apricot is an extensive cultivated crop, but after artificial cultivation, because of good fertilizer and water conditions, the growth is more exuberant, because of its exuberant growth, creeping sparse and creeping, dense and erect, quickly occupy the field. If there is a slight obstruction, it will make the growth too dense, encroach on the ridge of the harvest border, and cause poor internal ventilation. Step on the stem vine to cause the wound, poor ventilation and rot, so you can consider to cut off the stem vine creeping to the ridge, or sparse the stem vine between the border to facilitate ventilation and avoid trampling.