Efficient cultivation techniques of straw shallow water lotus root

The efficient cultivation of straw shallow lotus root has developed rapidly in Fei County, Shandong Province in the past five years. 8870 lotus root ponds were built in 2005, covering an area of more than 5300 mu. The reason is that this technique has obvious advantages over traditional shallow lotus root cultivation. It is mainly due to high output and good benefit. The average yield of shallow lotus root cultivated by this technique is 4923 kg per mu, which is 1242 kg higher than that of 3681 kg cultivated in general, with an increase of 31%, with good quality and high commodity rate, with a net income of more than 1800 yuan per mu. According to the analysis, there are three reasons for high yield: first, the application of early-maturing and dense planting varieties; second, the straw releases heat to provide enough energy to the lotus root; third, the orange stalk releases carbon dioxide is the raw material of photosynthesis, which is just absorbed and utilized by the lotus root. The second is labor-saving harvest, ordinary shallow water lotus root per person per day harvest less than 100 kg, while straw shallow water lotus root in more than 400 kg, more than 4 times that of ordinary cultivation, greatly improving labor productivity. The third is the high utilization rate of orange stalk. The shallow lotus root per mu of straw can consume 1930 mu of orange stalks, which reduces the waste and environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and turns waste into treasure, which meets the requirements of ecological agriculture.

1. Build a pool.

The requirement of choosing a place. Low-lying land, river beach, Wangtang land and wasteland are all ideal places to build ponds as long as they are sunny and close to water sources. The plane shape of the lotus root pond is rectangular or square, and the area is generally 0.5 million mu. The whole lotus root pond should be planned, leaving walkways, intake canals and drains. According to different topography, the lotus root pond is generally dug 0.5 meters down, and the depth of the built lotus root pond is 0.7-0.8 meters. After the pool is built, the bottom of the pool should be flat and tamped, and the pool wall should be made of concrete along the sub-board of suitable size, or hollow brick. The top of the wall is 20cm above the ground, and the pool wall is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.

The pool hardens. On the basis of leveling and tamping, the bottom of the pool is covered with a layer of impervious plastic film and flattened with 1 ∶ 3 cement sand ash with a thickness of 2 cm to 3 cm. The pool wall is sewn with sand ash or hung with a layer of sand ash to prevent water seepage and leakage. The top of the pool wall is covered with a sand-ash layer of 2cm to 3cm, which is compacted with a mud board to facilitate field operation.

Lay orange stalks. Orange stalk selection. The mixed use of Gramineae and Leguminosae crop orange stalk 1 ∶ 1 is better. If only Gramineae crop straw is used, 10 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied per mu to prevent the imbalance of carbon and nitrogen in the process of crop straw decomposition and the competition for nitrogen between lotus root and microbial decomposing straw.

Orange stalk treatment. Before entering the pond, the crop straw is cut into sections of 10cm to 15cm, and then harmless treatment can be carried out. 50% carbendazim wp500 solution plus 50% phoxim 800x solution can be sprayed into a large pile, covered with plastic film for 24 hours, or after the straw is laid on the bottom of the pool, sprayed with the above chemicals, not less than 100kg per mu.

Straw laying. The thickness of orange stalk should be 20 cm. After the straw enters the pool, comb it back and forth with a rake several times to make the straw spread horizontally and the surface is even and smooth.

Backfill fertilizer. The backfill should choose mature soil as far as possible, pick out the bricks, tiles, stones and other sundries in the soil, with a thickness of about 20 centimeters, and then evenly sprinkle 4000 to 5000 kilograms of fully mature soil fertilizer per mu, 150 kilograms to 200 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer, and shallow hoe several times. to make the soil fertilizer mix evenly. Two days before planting, 50 kg of quicklime per mu was raked evenly to disinfect the soil and prevent the organic acid produced during the decomposition of straw, which adversely affected the root growth and nutrient absorption of lotus root.

two。 Selection of improved varieties

Shallow lotus root should choose varieties with small body and leaves that are resistant to shallow water, strong stress resistance, early maturity and suitable for close planting. Such as Thai lotus root, white lotus root, Elian No. 4, Elian No. 5 and so on.

In order to ensure high yield, the amount of seeds used for planting orange stalk shallow lotus root should be 150kg / mu more than that of conventional planting, that is, 400kg / mu, 500kg / mu. The planting row spacing is 80 cm, the plant spacing is 50 cm, and about 1600 plants are planted per mu.

3. Planting

Planting time. The planting is better when the average temperature of the day reaches 15 ℃ and the soil temperature of 10 cm is 10: 12 ℃. Huangzhun area is usually on April 15-25. Planting should not be too early or too late, the temperature is too low, and the seedlings can not emerge after planting, which can easily lead to rotten seeds or dead seedlings; although the seedlings emerge too late, it is easy to hurt the top buds when planting, and the growth and development period is shortened, which is easy to cause yield reduction.

Plant lotus root to choose. The seed lotus root is generally dug up before planting, and attention should be paid to protect the top bud when digging to ensure the neatness and consistency of lotus root emergence. Select the whole lotus root with the characteristics of this variety, with more than 2 fully mature lotus roots, large lotus roots, vigorous buds, no damage, disease-free, fresh parent lotus roots, seed lotus roots, according to the planting amount of the day, dig along with planting, if not planted on the same day, should be covered with water, heat preservation, to prevent lotus root bud withering.

Plant lotus root for treatment. Wash the seed lotus root before planting, soak in 50% carbendazim wp500 solution or 70% chlorothalonil wp600 solution for 10 minutes for disinfection, remove and dry immediately.

Planting method. Planting lotus root starts from 60 cm away from the pond wall, when planting, the lotus root head is all inward, and the position of lotus root species between the two rows is arranged in a triangle. The whole lotus root is planted with one branch per hole and two branches per hole. Generally, the lotus root head is buried in a depth of 12-15 cm, and the node is slightly tilted on the surface of the water to make use of the sun to raise the temperature and promote germination. The lotus root heads are all inward on all sides to prevent the lotus whip from sticking out of the pool. Water in time after planting, the water depth is 4cm and 5cm.

4. Field management

Adjust the water level. After planting to the appearance of three leaves, maintain a shallow water layer of 3cm to 5cm, in order to increase the ground temperature and promote the germination and growth of lotus root buds. With the growth of the plant and the formation of branches, the water layer is gradually maintained at 7 cm to 12 cm. During the summer high temperature, the water layer is kept at a depth of 20 cm or 30 cm.