New cultivation techniques of lotus root straw in shallow pond

Shallow pond lotus root straw cultivation yield is high, easy to harvest, water-saving, labor-saving, the planting area is expanded year by year, the average yield of lotus root per mu is 4000 kg, which is more than 30% higher than that of ordinary shallow lotus root.

First, select suitable varieties. Early-maturing varieties with thick and round lotus root, white skin, crisp and tender meat, sweet taste, good quality and high yield should be selected, such as "Elian No. 4", "Elian No. 5", "Jinan White Lotus Root" and so on.

Second, build lotus root pond

1. Materials: Lotus ponds should be selected in sunny, tree-free village wasteland, barren houses, abandoned potholes, low-lying wasteland, and so on. The construction of lotus root pond per mu requires 5 tons of lime, 5 tons of cement, 30 tons of sand, 800 square meters of 8-wire polyethylene plastic film, and 230 precast cement blocks with length × width × thickness of 70 cm × 50 cm × 5 cm. The total cost per mu is about 5000 yuan.

2. To build a pool: the depth of the pool is 60 cm and the slope of the pool wall is 60 degrees. Sprinkle lime into the bottom of the pool, rotary plough with a rotary plough for 2-3 times, with a depth of 20 cm, after the soil and ash are mixed evenly, level and compact the bottom of the pool with a rammer, tamp the wall with lime soil at 3:7, smooth the bottom and wall with thin film, and then wipe 2-3 cm thick concrete, stand the prepared inclined plate on the pool wall, and wipe it with cement. The lotus root pond can be used for 15 years.

Third, soil preparation and fertilization. Spread rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw or weeds into the pond, 30-40 cm thick, using 15000 kg of straw per mu. 5000 kg of soil fertilizer, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate and 50 kg of potassium sulfate were mixed evenly with the cover soil and covered with straw, 12-15 cm thick.

Fourth, plant lotus root selection and row lotus root. The seed lotus root is dug up before planting, and the whole lotus root which accords with the characteristics of this variety and with seed lotus root is selected as the lotus root seed, the seed lotus root must grow in the same direction. Cut off the seed lotus root at 1.5 cm after the second section, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or chlorothalonil 600 times solution to the seed lotus root for 1 day, or soak the seeds with 500 times 50% carbendazim solution for 30 minutes.

The row of lotus root is carried out from Qingming Festival to Grain Rain. 300kg of lotus root is planted per mu, with a row spacing of 1.5m and a plant spacing of 0.6m. The lotus root head is buried 12-15cm deep in the straw when the lotus root is discharged, and the node is slightly tilted on the surface of the water to promote germination by using sunlight. The plants are arranged in triangles to make the lotus whips evenly distributed. The lotus root on all sides faces into the pond to prevent the lotus whip from reaching out of the ridge. Irrigation after draining lotus root is 4-5 cm deep.

V. Field management

1. Weeding, picking leaves and folding flowers: weeding is carried out when floating leaves appear in the second half of planting. After a month of planting, when the floating leaves gradually wither, remove the floating leaves and let the sun penetrate into the water to raise the water temperature. When the standing leaves are full of water, you should not go to the field to weed again, so as not to hurt the lotus root. After budding, the pedicel is zigzagged into the mud.

2. Topdressing: topdressing should be carried out twice during the growth period. When the first topdressing produced 5-7 standing leaves of lotus root and entered the vigorous growth period, 1000-1500 kg of manure or 10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate were applied per mu. When the second topdressing was applied to lotus root, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer was applied per mu. Topdressing should be carried out on a windless sunny day, put shallow water before fertilization, and the fertilizer should be fully inhaled into the soil and then irrigated to the original water level. After topdressing, you can pour water to rinse lotus leaves.

3. Water level regulation: in the early stage of planting, keep 4-7 cm shallow water; in the vigorous growth period, with the vigorous growth of standing leaves and branches, gradually deepen the water layer to 12-15 cm; in the lotus root stage, it is appropriate to keep 4-7 cm shallow water.

4. Turning the lotus root tip: when the rolled leaf is 1 meter away from the edge of the pool, the lotus root tip near the pool is turned to the pool at any time to make the lotus root distributed evenly. The peak growth period turned once in 2-3 days, and the slow growth period turned once in 7-8 days for a total of 5-6 times. Turning the tip should be carried out at noon when the stems and leaves are soft, hold up the tip and bury it in the soil according to the direction of turning.

5. Disease and pest control: the main disease of lotus root is rot, which mainly invades the underground stem of lotus root, causing browning and rot and causing the aboveground part to wither.

Control methods: ⑴ disinfect lotus root with lime before discharge, release 50-70kg lime blocks per mu of lotus root pond; when ⑵ occurs during the growing period, pull out the diseased plants in time, spray 50% carbendazim 600x liquid plus 75% chlorothalonil 600x mixture in the whole field, or mix the above two kinds of fungicides in the same amount, mix 25kg fine soil with 500g per mu, pile up for 4 hours, sprinkle it into the pond, 5-7 days once, even prevent 2-3 times. The main pests are aphids and Spodoptera litura. Aphids can be controlled by imidacloprid and aphidipine, while Spodoptera litura can be controlled by pyrethroids pesticides, Yitaibao, Cardicol and so on.

Sixth, harvest. After entering October, you can pick lotus root at any time as needed. Due to the use of shallow pond lotus root straw cultivation, it is convenient to pick lotus root, just grab the lotus root and pull it out slowly.