Planting performance and application prospect of different light and simple rice cropping patterns

1 planting performance of several light and simple rice cropping methods

1.1.1 paid-in output. The yield of mechanically transplanted rice was the highest, with an average yield of 9000kg / hm2, followed by hand-cut rice with an average yield of 8850kg / hm2, the third was seedling throwing rice with an average yield of 8700 kg / hm2, the fourth was wheat interplanting rice with an average yield of 8400kg / hm2, and the average yield of direct seeding rice was 8250kg/hm2.

1.1.2 the number of ears per unit. The panicle number per unit of direct seeding rice was the highest, the average panicle number was 3.885 million bin. The average panicle number of hm2; machine transplanting rice, throwing seedling and wheat interplanting was about 3.6 million spikes / hm2, while that of hand-planted rice was the lowest, with an average panicle number of 3.21 million panicles / hm2.

1.1.3 Total grains per panicle. The total grains per panicle of hand-planted rice was the highest, with 121 grains per panicle, 5-6 grains less than that of hand-planted rice, and 10-12 grains less than that of hand-planted rice.

1.1.4 seed setting rate. The seed setting rate of hand-planted rice was the highest, 92%, followed by machine-transplanted rice and wheat interplanting rice, which was 2% less than that of hand-planted rice, and that of throwing seedlings and direct seeding rice was the lowest, with an average of 85%, 86%, 6% and 7% lower than that of hand-planted rice.

1.1.5 thousand grain weight. The highest was hand-planted rice, with an average of 27.5g, followed by mechanical transplanting, which was 27.3g, and the lowest was direct seeding rice, which was 25.5g.

The above analysis showed that the total number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of hand-planted rice ranked first, while the number of panicles was the least, because the transplanting quality was not guaranteed and the transplanting density was low.

The net benefit of direct seeding rice is 6465 yuan per hectare, which is 1155 yuan higher than that of hand-planted rice, the second is direct seeding rice, the net benefit per hectare is 6090 yuan, which is 780 yuan higher than that of hand-planted rice, the third is wheat interplanting rice, the net benefit per hectare is 5880 yuan, which is 570 yuan higher than that of hand-planted rice. The fourth place is throwing seedling rice, the net benefit per hectare is 5865 yuan, which is 555 yuan higher than hand-planted rice. Hand-planted rice was the lowest, with a net benefit of 5310 yuan per hectare.

1.3 cost analysis (Table 3) due to the different rice cropping methods, especially direct seeding rice and wheat interplanting rice, the costs of rice field management and transplanting and throwing transplanting procedures are reduced, so the costs of various rice cropping methods are quite different. The highest total cost was hand-planted rice, with an average of 8850 yuan per hectare, followed by seedling throwing rice, mechanically transplanting rice and wheat interplanting rice, and the lowest was direct seeding rice, with an average of 7110 yuan per hectare. According to the analysis of the cost of hand-planted rice, the high cost is mainly shown in two aspects: first, the management cost of raising seedlings in seedling field is high, and the cost of hand-planted rice and seeds is the lowest, but the cost of seedling management is higher, which is 420 yuan / hm2; higher than that of direct seeding rice. Second, the cost of field transplanting is as high as 1530 yuan / hm2, which is 855 yuan / hm2 higher than that of mechanized transplanting rice.

1.4 during the growth period, a systematic follow-up survey was carried out on the growth period of different rice cropping patterns of the same variety Xudao 3. Different rice cropping patterns had a great influence on the growth period.

The whole growth period of different rice cropping patterns of Xudao 3 decreased from 157 days of wheat interplanting rice to 129 days of direct seeding rice, which decreased by 28 days, and the total leaf number of Xudao 3 decreased from 17 leaves of hand-planted rice to 16 leaves of machine transplanting rice, throwing rice and wheat interplanting rice, and the total leaf number of direct seeding rice was the least, only 15 leaves.

The shortening of the whole growth period was mainly reduced before jointing (Table 5). The whole growth period of direct seeding rice was 24 days less than that of hand-planted rice. Among them, the days from sowing to jointing decreased by 13 days, accounting for 54% of the total reduction; the days from jointing to heading decreased by 5 days, accounting for 21%; and the days from heading to maturity decreased by 6 days, accounting for 25%. Therefore, the difference of the whole growth period is mainly manifested in the shortening of the vegetative growth period.

2 characteristics of different rice cropping methods

2.1 compared with the traditional wet seedling raising, hand-planted rice has the advantages of saving seedling pond, water, seed, labor and cost, and shows better resistance to stripe blight, especially through the matching application of biochemical agents. it makes the technique simpler, the operation simpler, the seedling quality better and the seedling age more flexible. After planting, the seedling has strong explosive power and fast tillering. At present, there is a large transfer of rural labor force, there is a shortage of transplanting labor force, due to the large workload of transplanting, the basic seedlings can not be guaranteed, which directly affects the number of panicles per hectare, thus affecting the yield and benefit.

2.2 Mechanical transplanting rice has the advantages of saving labor and cost, forming industrialization through the establishment of mechanical transplanting association, and promoting large-scale planting. However, in production, the quality of the whole field is high, and the improper operation of the machine is easy to cause broken ridges and lack of plants. at the same time, due to the large row spacing, which affects the foot ear, the yield of some late planting fields can not be guaranteed, especially after June 22nd, the yield of machine planting is generally about 7500kg/hm2.

2.3 Wheat interplanting rice has the advantages of returning straw to field, no-tillage, no-raising seedlings, environmental protection, labor-saving and cost-saving. Four hurdles must be passed in production: the first is the whole seedling, the second is miscellaneous revolution, the third is hybrid rice, and the fourth is lodging.

2.4 throwing seedling rice has the advantages of saving labor and cost, convenient operation, stable yield, large-scale planting and so on. When throwing seedlings in production, the quality of field surface preparation is higher, especially if it is easy to float seedlings in case of heavy rain after planting. At the same time, weeds in the field must be controlled in place.

2.5 Direct seeding rice has the advantages of simple operation, no seedling pond, labor saving, cost saving, stable yield and high efficiency. At the same time, the peak period of the first generation of gray planthopper was avoided and the harm of stripe blight was reduced. The problems that must be paid attention to in production are as follows: the grass damage of ① is serious; the population in the later stage of ② is too large and easy to lodge; if low temperature is encountered in the later stage of ③, it can not reach full heading safely.

3 the application prospect of several light and simple rice cropping methods

3.1 the development of mechanically inserted rice is the product of the organic combination of modern industry and traditional agriculture. it is an effective rice farming model to reduce agricultural labor force, expand planting scale and improve the efficiency of planting rice, and it is the direction of rice development in the future. At present, the main work to be done is to develop the organization of mechanical transplanting association and improve the supporting cultivation techniques of mechanical transplanting, especially on how to ensure the quality and time of mechanical transplanting and the number of panicles, so as to ensure the healthy and stable development of this technology.

The small area application of direct seeding rice was started in Guanghu Town, Baoying County in 2004, and now it is gradually expanding to the whole county. In 2006, the area of each town in the county was reported to be 14500 hm2, and the actual application was more than this figure. It has become a light and simple rice farming method with the largest utilization area. At present, the area of this rice farming method is also gradually expanding in the whole province. The Institute of Agricultural Modernization of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences met the needs of the masses in the spring of 2006 and held multi-period technical training in various parts of the province. Therefore, Yangzhou City should increase the technical strength, study the cultivation and management measures spontaneously carried out by the masses, combine the existing advanced rice cultivation techniques, assemble and match them, and improve the technical level of cultivation and management of direct seeding rice.

3.3 expanding wheat, rice, wheat interplanting, no seedling raising, no ploughing, no seedling planting, straw returning to the field, solved the problem of burning wheat straw, improved soil fertility and improved soil, which was conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. At the same time, due to the in-depth study of cultivation and management measures, the problems of whole seedling, uniform seedling, weedy rice, lodging and so on were well solved. On the basis of the demonstration and promotion in the previous two years, it is suggested that the training, publicity and promotion should be strengthened to expand its application area.

3.4 stable seedling throwing rice has the advantages of labor saving, labor saving, high yield, high efficiency and easy operation, which is welcomed by farmers. The scope of application in Baoying County is mainly concentrated in Fanshui, Anyi, Xiaoguanzhuang and other three villages and towns. People in these areas have mastered this technology, so the application area has been relatively stable.