Fengdao 15

Fengdao 15 is a new early maturing japonica rice variety bred by Dali Prefecture Institute of Agricultural Sciences with 04-2865 as female parent and high-yielding variety Dianyu 1 as male parent. The results of multi-point experiment and demonstration for many years show that this variety is characterized by early maturity, strong cold tolerance, medium resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight, high yield, stable yield and high quality. it is a new japonica rice variety with outstanding comprehensive characters among the popularized species in high altitude areas of Yunnan Province. In July 2002, it was approved by the crop Variety approval Committee of Yunnan Province, and it was decided to popularize planting in cold rice areas above 1950m above sea level in Yunnan Province.

Feature properties:

1. Agronomic characters: Fengdao 15 plant height 85~90cm, stout stem, fertilizer resistance and lodging resistance, strong tillering ability, flag leaf tip inside curl erect, good plant leaf type. The effective panicle per mu is 380000-400000, the panicle rate is about 75%, the panicle length is 18-20cm, the total grains per panicle is 100-105, and the seed setting rate is about 80%. The grain is short and round, the glume culm is yellow, it is not easy to drop grains, and the 1000-grain weight is 15-26g.

2. Quality: according to the test results of Yunnan Agricultural products quality Supervision Station in 1999, the roughness rate of Fengdao 15 was 84.1%, milled rice rate 78.6%, head rice rate 65.4%, length-width ratio 1.74%, chalky rice rate 4.00%, chalkiness 1.5%, alkali elimination value 6.4. gel consistency 88mm, amylose content 16.62%, protein content 6.67%. White rice, the rice grain is shiny, the taste quality is good.

3. Resistance: according to the identification results of the characteristic identification group of Japonica Rice breeding Center of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1998, Fengdao 15 was grade 6 and 2 in Kunming, 1 grade and 6 satin in Yiliang. In addition, according to the results of multi-point natural resistance identification for many years, Fengdao 15 was resistant to rice blast, bacterial blight, rice false smut and evil seedling disease, and its comprehensive resistance was better than that of Fengdao 9 and he 16.

4. Cold tolerance: according to the identification results of Japonica Rice breeding Center of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the cold tolerance of Fengdao 15 was RR, which was significantly better than that of Fengdao 9, he 16, Yunjing 9 and other control varieties.

5. The growth period: Fengdao 15 is planted in Yunnan Province at an altitude of 1950m to 2200m. It is generally sown from the end of March to the beginning of April, transplanting in May, heading in early August, maturing in mid-late September, and the whole growth period is about 180 days. Compared with Fengdao 9, he 16, Yunjing 9 and other control varieties, Fengdao 15 is an early-maturing variety, which is easy to avoid the cold injury in August in cold rice areas at high altitude to ensure high and stable yield.

6. Adaptability: Fengdao 15 has the outstanding characteristics of early maturity, strong cold tolerance and disease resistance, so it has good yield stability and wide regional adaptability, so it is suitable to be popularized and planted in cold areas of Yunnan Province from 1950m to 2200m above sea level.

Yield performance: participated in the new variety comparison experiment from 1997 to 1998. The average yield per mu in our test site and Heqing Xinmin was 653.50kg and 658.25kg respectively, and the cohabitation was the first of 14 experimental species, which increased by 17.38% and 16.71% respectively compared with the control variety He16, reaching a very significant level. Participated in the regional trials of improved rice varieties in Dali Prefecture and northern central Yunnan from 1999 to 2002, the yield per mu of rice in the central and northern part of the prefecture was 627.39kg, ranking first among 11 reference varieties, increasing by 19.46% compared with the control He16, reaching a very significant level; the yield per mu in the regional test of central and northern Yunnan was 550.49kg, ranking third among the 13 reference varieties, and 25.34% higher than the control Yunjing 9, reaching a very significant level. From 1999 to 2000, 7300 hm2 was tested and demonstrated in Dali, Lijiang, Zhaotong, Kunming, Qujing and other places in Yunnan Province, and the yield was generally about 550kg/ mu, especially under the harsh climatic conditions of more than 50 days of rain in July and August 2002, long-term overcast and rainy days, high frequency and intensity of low temperature and cold injury, Fengdao 15's advantages of early maturity and strong cold tolerance were brought into full play in Gaomeiba area of Yunnan Province. The yield is generally about 450kg/ mu, which is nearly 30% higher than that of other popularized species.

Main points of cultivation:

1. Strictly carry out seed treatment to prevent the harm of seed transmission diseases such as evil seedling disease: in order to effectively prevent the harm of seed transmission diseases such as evil seedling disease, and improve seed germination rate and germination energy, strict seed treatment should be carried out before sowing. First, remove the blighted grains and impurities in the seeds, dry the seeds for 1-2 days, then soak the seeds with 3000 times solution for 72 hours, fish out and dry.

2. Dry raising seedlings in fertilizer bed and cultivating strong seedlings with tillers: on the basis of insisting on dry raising seedlings with thin film, paying attention to the selection and fertilization of seedling bed, and building a high standard fertilizer bed, special emphasis is placed on sparse sowing and uniform sowing of fine seeds, controlling the sowing amount per mu at 30-40kg, and strengthening the temperature management of seedling stage, advocating early ventilation and cooling after seedling emergence, prolonging seedling refining time, cultivating healthy seedlings without disease and tillering at the right age, and laying a solid foundation for high and stable yield.

3. Planting early and avoiding low temperature injury in August to ensure high and stable yield: low temperature injury at heading and flowering stage (that is, low temperature injury in August) is the main obstacle factor for high and stable yield of rice in high altitude and cold area. suitable nail planting is the key technical measure to ensure high yield and stable yield of rice in this area. Therefore, in the cultivation of high and stable yield of Fengdao 15, it must be emphasized that the suitable time for early planting should not exceed the end of May at the latest.

4. Reasonable close planting, inserting basic seedlings, striving for large panicle for high yield on the basis of multiple spikes: Fengdao 15 has strong tillering ability, good plant type, suitable for close planting, and it is difficult to obtain high yield when the number of panicles is insufficient. It is necessary to adhere to reasonable close planting, standardized line planting, 50-3 clumps per mu, 1-3 pieces per clump, basic seedlings 110000-150000, and strive for 380000-400000 effective panicles per mu to achieve high and stable yield on the basis of multiple spikes.

5. Apply sufficient basal fertilizer, early topdressing fertilizer, and suitable panicle fertilizer: in order to realize the cultivation goal of striving for large panicle and high yield on the basis of multi-spike, fertilizer should be applied in the early stage under the premise of increasing organic fertilizer. In the later stage, the panicle fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be used to increase grain weight. 80% of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizer, and potash fertilizer and 20% phosphate fertilizer are used as ear fertilizer.

6. Scientific management, timely control of diseases, pests, weeds and rodents: effectively strengthen the field management with water slurry management as the center, focusing on the two key links of promoting tillers in shallow water and striving for more ears, and seedlings drying the fields and attacking large ears. At the same time, according to the situation of seedlings and the prediction of diseases and insect pests, we should do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and rodents in time.