Causes and Countermeasures of Chicken immunosuppression

With the in-depth study of health care work, people gradually realize the harmfulness and seriousness of the immunosuppression problem of chicken flocks. As far as chickens are concerned, what is the cause of immunosuppression?

1 causes of immunosuppression

1.1 Diseases that can cause immunosuppression occur in chicken flocks

In the prevention and treatment of diseases, the common bursitis, avian influenza, avian leukemia, chicken Marek's disease and so on are serious damage to the immune system, resulting in immunosuppressive diseases. For example, bursitis is usually characterized by invasion of bursa of Fabricius, causing inflammation or swelling and bleeding of bursa of Fabricius. As one of the most important immunogenic cells, B cells are produced by bursa of Fabricius. At the same time, it is also an extremely important immune target organ in the humoral immune system. Some experiments have shown that removal of chicken bursa of Fabricius will cause almost no expression in all immune organs of the body, suppression of the systemic immune system, severe organ failure and eventually death. The damage of avian influenza to the body is more serious, it not only damages the bursa of Fabricius, but also destroys the whole body immune organs such as thymus, pancreas, cecum, tonsil and even the hematopoietic function of bone marrow. The thymus hemorrhage caused by avian influenza directly destroys the production of T cells in the body, and the bursa of Fabricius is also affected by this bad luck, which is one of the most fundamental causes of sudden death and mass death of chickens.

1.2 the toxic and side effects of drugs cause immunosuppression

In actual production, there are many drugs that can cause immunosuppression, such as furazolidone, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, penicillin, chlortetracycline and so on. These drugs often occur anemia and immunosuppression because of their own properties of inhibiting bone marrow hematopoiesis and inhibiting bone marrow immunoglobulin synthesis. Even drugs such as amantadine, ribavirin and ribavirin are often reported to be teratogenic and anemic in clinical practice. At present, in order to make a small profit and maximize profits, many small veterinary drug companies still apply this kind of immunosuppressive drug ingredients to drug formulations in spite of repeated state prohibitions.

1.3 immunosuppression caused by excessive and unscientific use of vaccine

In immunology, it is true that there is a positive correlation between vaccine use and immune effect, but just like the spring principle, it is only correct in a certain limit and for a certain period of time, and it will be counterproductive once it is beyond the scope of use. As far as the live vaccine itself is concerned, although it is weakly toxic, it is a toxic product after all, and serious overuse will make its effective toxicity reach the toxicity of wild poison. For example, when the Newcastle disease Lasota strain is generally used in the range of 1 to 6 feathers, the dosage is positively correlated with the immune effect, but on this basis, it is not only meaningless and unnecessary, but also has a certain toxic performance once the dosage reaches 10: 12 times, and there will be a serious immunosuppressive reaction, such as serious overuse, which will cause the flock to die due to human factor infection.

1.4 immunosuppression caused by a large number of stress responses

In daily work, such as vaccine, overcooling, overheating, capture, group conversion, beak breaking, feeding and other measures will cause metabolic disorder due to fear or uneasiness, resulting in vaccination can not effectively stimulate the immune target organs to produce immune response, resulting in immune failure.

1.5 immunosuppression or immune failure caused by improper medication or incorrect vaccination

Drug poisoning will cause inflammatory reaction or bleeding reaction in immune organs, resulting in immune inhibition or inefficient expression, and the immunization methods of each vaccine are also different, different vaccination methods will produce different immune effects, improper vaccination methods will also cause immunosuppression.

1.6 Feed mildew, causing Aspergillus flavus poisoning and immunosuppression

In recent years, the problem of feed mildew is a problem that every farm must face and should be taken seriously. Aspergillus flavus often infects chickens by polluting feed. once chickens suffer from aspergillosis, they will die if they are serious, or cause immunosuppression if they are light, which can easily lead to long-term disease. The reason is simple, because Aspergillus flavus often invades the respiratory system of chickens in the body.

1.7 lack of trace elements in feed results in immunosuppression

The balance of nutritional levels of various mineral elements in diet is an important part of maintaining normal physiological metabolism and strengthening physique. In terms of efficacy, maintaining a normal immune response is an important part. Scientific experiments have shown that zinc is one of the important elements in maintaining the normal development and function of bursa of Fabricius. Deficiency or deficiency will cause atrophy of bursa of Fabricius, and the serious one is only 1cm, 2pm, 3pm of normal cyst, which can easily lead to immunosuppressive disease. Selenium is not only an important element in the prevention of leukomyopathy, but also one of the important elements in bone marrow hematopoiesis and antibody synthesis. At present, selenium has been added to salt or food as one of the essential nutritional elements in people's daily life, in order to meet the normal needs of the body.

1.8 immunosuppression caused by environmental pollution

Farm pollution is one of the headaches of many domestic farmers. A large amount of livestock and poultry excrement is unreasonably stacked around the site or on the road. If it can not be treated effectively and timely, a large number of poisonous and unpleasant gases will be produced, such as hydrogen sulfide, cadaverine, ammonia, etc., these harmful gases will not only cause dizziness, vomiting, shortness of breath and other toxic discomfort symptoms to the human body, but also cause adverse reactions of chickens, thus leading to immunosuppression.

2 coping measures

2.1 choose a high quality and efficient vaccine

Strict implementation of vaccination procedures, the formulation of scientific laying hens prevention and immunization procedures. At present, although all the vaccines in circulation on the market have passed the CMP system certification, they are uneven in terms of the reliability and efficiency of their product quality, and even some vaccine products still contain pathogens that can cause horizontal transmission of infectious diseases because of incomplete purification. Therefore, the selection of high-quality, efficient and safe vaccine is a very important part.

2.2 choose reliable drugs

In the process of prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases, we should choose some drugs with reliable quality and good reputation as far as possible, so as to avoid unnecessary trouble caused by the toxic and side effects of the drugs (including drug residues of poultry products and immunosuppression).

2.3 choose health products that relieve and avoid immunosuppression

Such as interleukin, interferon and so on. As far as interleukin is concerned, it can not only activate and enhance the efficacy of cellular immune system, but also eliminate the inhibitory factors of humoral immune system and relieve humoral immune suppression. so that the cellular immune system and humoral immune system are in a state of high expression, and the body is in a strong state of health.

2.4 improve the environment

Eliminate the pollution and stress factors that cause immunosuppression and enhance the physique of the body.

2.5 strict control of feed nutrition

On the one hand, toxic and contaminated feed should not be used. On the other hand, it requires the use of high-quality feed to ensure that the nutrient content is balanced, stable and can be digested and absorbed efficiently.