Planting and Management Technology of Shiya Tea

Shiya tea, scientific name bright leaf Huang Ruimu, Yangtong genus, tree. It gets its name from growing on the cliff, its buds are thick and the tea soup is bright. Taste pure sweet, resistant to brewing, tested by the relevant departments, because Shiya tea does not contain caffeine, does not affect sleep after drinking, and rich in flavonoids has a better health care effect, so it is deeply loved by consumers. Due to the limited resources of Shiya tea, the prospect of popularizing artificial planting is huge.

1. Selection of Shiya Tea Garden

The conditions for the construction of Shiya tea garden are as follows: good soil environment, good natural vegetation and high biodiversity. Therefore, the tea garden should choose the place where the soil is deep, fertile, rich in nutrients, high in organic matter, pH 4.5-5.5, good permeability and no stagnant water. as far as Jinxiu is concerned, it is a red sandstone area, and relatively gentle plots are selected for full reclamation and preparation.

II. Planting methods

Planting should be from January to March every spring. It should be planted in a single plant or single row, with a row spacing of 1.5 m × 1.5 m, and it is recommended to plant 250 trees per mu. When planting, dig a small pit 50 cm deep in the ground, put a little base fertilizer at the bottom of the pit to cover the soil, then place the Shiya tea seedlings in the center of the pit, hold the seedlings with one hand and fill the soil with the other, try to keep the cup soil intact so that the roots can stretch, do not bend the roots, do not make the roots touch the base fertilizer to prevent rotting and dead seedlings, let the roots stretch and then cultivate the soil and compact them, and pour enough fixed root water in time after planting. Cover with sunshade and temporarily shade 10~l5 days.

III. Tree type cultivation

Dwarfing tree shape is an important part of Shiya tea. It is a large evergreen tree with strong top dominance, so it is particularly important to cultivate tree type.

The main results are as follows: 1. The method of "picking instead of cutting" is generally adopted in the shaping of young tea trees, and the crown is cultivated by flat cutting at the end of the year. The specific method is to continue to top and pick repeatedly. The height and frequency of fixed cutting should be determined according to the actual situation of tea trees. The first fixed shearing should be carried out at the seedling stage, that is, when the plant height reaches more than 50 cm in the current year, the top bud tip and the longer lateral bud tip should be removed and carried out many times a year. At the end of the year, the height of the plant should be cut flat at the height of 40 cm to 45 cm. If the plant height does not reach 40 cm, do not cut.

In the second year after planting, the new shoots of each round were also topped, and after the end of the heavy frost at the end of the year, the flat shearing was increased by 15cm to 20cm or at the height of the widest surface in the previous year, and in the third year, it was increased by 8cm to 10cm in the previous year. After that, with the increase of tree age, the height of pruning should be reduced year by year. When the height of the crown reaches 80cm and the width of the canopy reaches more than 80cm, it can be pruned according to the method of tea tree pruning in the prime of life.

2. The pruning of tea trees in their prime. Manhood pruning can be divided into two types: light pruning and deep pruning.

The main results are as follows: 1) the purpose of light pruning is to adjust the crown, to fully adjust and distribute the nutrients in the plant, to promote the growth of lateral branches, to expand the crown width, to flatten the crown and to cultivate a good picking surface. The trimming height should be increased by 3 cm to 5 cm on the basis of the previous year's cut.

Light pruning is carried out by the combination of winter pruning and spring tea pruning. In areas with better fertile and water conditions, better growth and abundant labor, light pruning is generally carried out in time after spring tea picking in order to harvest more spring tea. For the tea farms with large tea garden area and relatively concentrated spring tea mining period, a certain proportion of tea farm should be planned to combine winter pruning with spring tea post-pruning to prolong the tea picking season and reduce the pressure of the first round of tea picking. only in this way can we pick tea in time and improve the quality and output of spring tea.

2) Deep pruning when there are a large number of node scars, disease and insect branches and withered branches on the canopy surface, the transport of nutrients and water is affected, the germination of new shoots of tea trees decreases, and the yield decreases relatively. It is necessary to cut off a layer of 10-15 cm branches and leaves in the upper part of the crown or cut flat at a height of 90 cm. Should be combined with heavy fertilizer, peanut bran fertilizer and compound fertilizer should be combined. Restore the tree potential and improve the ability of sprouting. Deep trimming and cutting should be carried out immediately after the end of autumn tea, so as to facilitate the early birth and rapid development of next spring.

3. Pruning of aging tea trees the pruning of aging tea trees can be divided into two types: re-pruning and table cutting.

The main results are as follows: 1) re-pruning is suitable for semi-senile and pre-aging tea trees, their age is not necessarily very long, but most of their main branches still have certain living ability, and this kind of tea tree can be rejuvenated and rejuvenated.

2) for very old tea trees, it is difficult to increase the yield even with the application of fertilizer. This kind of tea tree is renewed by table cutting, sawing or cutting off all branches at a height of about 15 centimeters from the ground before and after the cold, and re-raising the canopy. Heavy pruning and table cutting should be carried out after deep ploughing with sufficient base fertilizer.

4. Tea tree pruning requirements. To cut the crown surface of the tree, when light pruning, the stout branches protruding in the middle should be cut 3-5 cm lower than the plane. During the winter pruning time, the tea garden is held at the time of "the Beginning of Spring".

IV. Scientific fertilization

Base fertilizer should be based on farm manure (livestock manure, barnyard manure, etc.), with 1.5-2.5 tons per mu and 150-250 kg of commercial organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer should be decomposed and fermented at high temperature by harmless composting. Don't use garbage fertilizer. It is advocated that the application of farm manure and green manure can conserve water and improve soil fertility; topdressing is mainly farm retting fertilizer one month before tea picking. The base fertilizer should cover the soil by digging ditches from September to November and cultivate the soil thickly in winter. The loose soil should be dug around the tea canopy or outside the garden to thicken the base of the tea tree. Young tea forest can be interplanted scientifically, because Shiya tea can be interplanted with crops, such as legumes, which can not only increase income, but also protect tea garden and kill two birds with one stone.

Organic fertilizer 150~250kg was applied per mu during planting, and no or less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to tea seedlings after planting, so as to reduce disease and ammonia volatilization to kill tea seedlings. The application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in young trees was 1:1:1 and diluted by stages according to the condition of seedlings. The barren soil should be applied more organic fertilizer, or the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer to increase soil fertility. Organic fertilizer should be the main base fertilizer, and biogas fertilizer should be used before budding and after picking. More water and fertilizer should be applied to one-year-old seedlings, 100-150g commercial organic fertilizer per 50kg of manure should be diluted and then irrigated to root.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Strictly according to the control index of organic tea diseases and insect pests. Comprehensive models such as agricultural control, biological control and physical control should be implemented to prevent a single method of prevention and control, resulting in poor results.

Agricultural control mainly uses agronomic measures to achieve control effects, such as strengthening fertilizer management, strengthening tree potential and improving resistance; secondly, tea tree pruning, ploughing hoe, removal of tea tree blight branches and weeds, in order to reduce the parasitic places of diseases and pests; for some diseases and pests harmful to tender, it is necessary to remove them in batches in time to reduce the harm.

Biological control mainly refers to some insect pests that can take biological control, such as strengthening the protection of the natural enemies of insect pests, such as birds and Trichogramma. Physical control mainly refers to the use of some physical methods such as artificial killing, light trapping and other pests. After autumn tea, stone sulfur mixture or Bordeaux liquid can be used to seal the garden to reduce the number of diseases and insect pests in the coming year.

VI. Prohibited materials

(1) Fertilizer includes: urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and other chemically synthesized hormones and no garbage fertilizer can not be used alone.

(2) pesticides: do not use all artificially produced chemically synthesized pesticides, including herbicides, plant regulators, pesticides (powders), fungicides (powders).