Cultivation techniques of High yield, good quality and High efficiency of Pinellia ternata

Pinellia ternata is a commonly used valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which mainly depends on the collection of wild resources to provide commodities for a long time. In recent years, due to the changes of environment, climate and resources, the wild resources are gradually exhausted, while the development of artificial cultivation is slow, the market has been in short supply, and the price continues to rise. The price in the winter medicine market was 55 to 65 yuan per kilogram in 2005 and 45 yuan per kilogram in the same period in 2004. Using the traditional method to plant Pinellia ternata, the yield of fresh tuber per mu is 500kg to 750kg, the drying rate is 25% to 30%, and the yield per mu is 125kg to 200kg. According to the practical experience of high yield, the average fresh weight of tuber in high yield field is 850kg to 1500 kg. The yield is increased significantly, the output value per mu is more than 10000 yuan, and the benefit is considerable. In addition to routine field management, the following key measures must be taken to plant Pinellia ternata:

Intercropping Pinellia ternata prefers warm and humid climate, can tolerate cold and shade, but is not resistant to drought and strong light, so Pinellia ternata can be planted in the gentle slope of semi-shady and semi-sunny hillside, or interplanted with @ # @ 245 trees or in broad-leaved fruit trees, or intercropped with tall stalk plants such as corn, rape, sorghum, beans and other tall plants, so that Pinellia ternata can be managed on the same elbow as crops or economic forests and fruits, and the land can be used rationally. It also increases the benefit.

Carefully cultivating fine seeds of improved varieties is an important guarantee for high yield in planting Pinellia ternata. First of all, excellent individual plants with pure varieties, no diseases and insect pests and strong growth and development should be selected as seed collection mother plants. Secondly, the mother plant of seed collection should be bred alone and the management of water and fertilizer should be strengthened. Thirdly, in order to prevent the varieties from being mixed, it is necessary to collect and store them separately. Finally, tubers with mature, full, large and heavy grains should be harvested in time for planting.

According to the experiment, under the condition of 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, when most of the coleoptiles were white, the seedlings were planted and covered with plastic film, which was 30 days earlier than those without plastic film mulching and 25 days earlier than those without plastic film mulching. At the same time, the yield of budding mulch was 52.6% higher than that of the control, and the yield of non-budding mulch was 29.8% higher than that of the control. After the bud was accelerated and planted, the Pinellia ternata species completed the internal physiological changes before germination in advance, and the ground temperature increased and reached the temperature needed for seedling emergence ahead of time, and the buds grew out of the ground quickly. In addition to preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature and emergence ahead of time, bud mulching can also make the soil loose, benefit the growth and development of roots, make the plant resistant to drought and waterlogging, always maintain exuberant absorption function and physiological function, and lay the foundation for high yield of Pinellia ternata.

When covering the film, the plastic film should be flat and close to the ridge of the border, compacted with soil, so that it is tight, flat and strict. When the temperature is stable at 15 ℃ to 18 ℃ and about 50% of the seedlings emerge, remove the plastic film to prevent the seedlings from being injured by high temperature in the film, and refine the seedlings before removing the film. The method is to open the ventilation and heat dissipation from both ends of the bed at noon, seal it in the evening, and then remove it all after a few days in a row.

It is an important measure to increase the yield of Pinellia ternata by delaying the mulch in the high temperature period, gradually entering the high temperature season, keeping the border surface moist and delaying the withering time of the aboveground part of Pinellia ternata as far as possible. According to the experiment, rice straw and wheat straw (chaff) were covered from mid-May to mid-June every year, and the seedling was only 5% in late July, growing well, while that in the control group was as high as 78%. From this point of view, ground mulching can correspondingly prolong the growth period of Pinellia ternata, the period of photocooperation is also relatively prolonged, photosynthate accumulates more in tubers, and the larger the tuber is, the higher the yield is, which is 123.78% higher than that of the control. In addition, the number of weeds in the covered area was significantly lower than that in the uncovered area, and the incidence of leaf rot decreased significantly, which was also an important reason for the yield increase of Pinellia ternata. If Rain Water is large and the soil moisture is too much, the covered wheat straw should be removed in time to prevent underground tubers from rotting and reducing production.

The plant of Pinellia ternata is short and small, so it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed frequently during the growth period to avoid grass famine. The depth of intertillage should not exceed 5 cm to avoid root injury. Because the root of Pinellia ternata grows around the tuber, and its root system is concentrated in the topsoil layer of 12 cm to 15 cm, the middle ploughing should be shallow rather than deep, except early, small and small. Pinellia ternata was planted in early spring and covered with plastic film. at the same time, weeds such as Equisetum equisetifolia, Euphorbia angustifolia, amaranth, small spiral flowers, gray vegetables, purslane and other weeds were also unearthed, and the quantity was large, affecting the yield of Pinellia ternata. Therefore, Acetochlor can be used to control pre-bud weeds of Pinellia ternata, and then covered with plastic film after spraying herbicide on the ground in early spring, which has a good control effect on many kinds of weeds (the specific usage is in accordance with the drug instructions). In addition, in artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata, different herbicides can be selected according to different seasons, the herbicide of spring sowing Pinellia ternata should be selected, and the herbicide of spring sowing and Acetochlor can be selected.

The practice of spraying chemical fertilizer to promote high yield shows that spraying sodium sulfite solution in high temperature and drought period can increase the yield of Pinellia ternata. Because when the temperature of Pinellia ternata lasts as high as 30 ℃ in summer, the respiration of Pinellia ternata is too strong due to high temperature and strong light, which consumes more substances than that accumulated by photosynthesis, resulting in the destruction of cell protoplast structure and "seedling collapse". As far as the production of Pinellia ternata is concerned, the "inverted seedling" shortens the growth period of Pinellia ternata and seriously affects the yield of Pinellia ternata. Therefore, taking measures to delay or reduce the "falling seedlings" of Pinellia ternata in summer is an important condition to realize the high yield and high quality of Pinellia ternata. In addition to adopting appropriate shading and sprinkler irrigation to reduce light intensity, air temperature and ground temperature, plant respiratory inhibitor sodium sulfite 0.01% solution can also be sprayed, and a mixture of 0.01% sodium sulfite, 0.2% urea and 2% superphosphate can also be sprayed to inhibit respiration of Pinellia ternata and reduce the consumption of photosynthates, thus delaying and reducing "inverted seedlings", which can achieve obvious yield-increasing effect.

Implementing GAP standard planting according to the requirements of GAP, standardizing the whole process of planting, harvesting, processing, packaging, storage and transportation of Pinellia ternata, limiting the contents of harmful elements and pesticide residues in Pinellia ternata, and using advanced planting and processing technology can improve the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, thus improving economic benefits.