High-yield cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, the raw materials used in cultivation are mainly sawdust, but also cultivated with wood sections, in a variety of ways. The development of Pleurotus ostreatus production is a rich project with low investment, quick effect, high yield, good benefit and low risk. The finished products of mushrooms can not only be sold domestically, but also be exported to earn foreign exchange, which is the way for mountain farmers to shake off poverty and become well-off.

1 venue

It is necessary to choose a place with flat terrain, good ventilation, clean environment and no pollution. Mushroom room can be made of wood as a skeleton, surrounded by plastic film or straw curtain, straw, etc., and those with long-term development intention can also be welded with steel bar. There is no limit to the length of the culture rack in the mushroom room, which is mainly convenient for operation. The width of the culture rack is 40~45cm, and the layer spacing of the shelf is 35~40cm, which is generally 6-7 layers. The operating path is 1m, and the mushroom room requires heat preservation, moisturizing, ventilation and ventilation.

2 period

The cultivation season of Pleurotus ostreatus is carried out in early spring, and the outdoor temperature can be operated at-2-5 ℃. Too early, the hyphae are not easy to germinate; too late, the temperature rises easily, depending on the temperature of each place. It can be cultivated from mid-February to early March.

3 raw materials

The raw materials of cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus are mainly sawdust of broad-leaved trees, mainly hardwood, and sawdust without mildew, caking and odor should be selected. It is best to use wood chips with a longer storage life (up to half a year), stored in the open air and soaked by Rain Water, but without mildew and deterioration. Using such raw materials to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium spreads quickly and the yield is high. Wheat bran or rice bran should also choose fresh, no deterioration, no peculiar smell.

4 making culture medium

There are many kinds of medium formulations, three of which are described below: ① sawdust 80%, wheat bran 19%, gypsum 1%. ② sawdust 50%, corncob powder 30%, wheat bran 19%, gypsum 1%. ③ sawdust 54%, corn straw meal 30%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1%. First, fully stir all kinds of raw materials evenly, and then add water with a spray can, adding water while pouring the material, with a moisture content of 60%, that is, holding the sawdust tightly and loosening into a ball without water droplets. Steaming the material at this time, it is necessary to spread the material with gas, and spread the material with gas at the same time. Stop spreading the material when the pot is full and seal the mouth of the pot. The time was calculated from the time of the upper atmosphere, and the fire lasted for 2: 2.5 hours. The pot can be served after another hour of stew. The polyethylene film is loaded into the cut polyethylene film. The specification of the polyethylene film is 1m wide and 0.03mm thick. The tray can be made of corn straw, and the size of the tray is 55~60cm × 35cm. 1 the tray can be made of 6 straws, and the distance of straw is 2.5~3.0cm. The weight of the medium in each tray is 4.5~5kg, and the thickness after compaction should be controlled at 3.5~4cm.

5 inoculation and cultivation

Inoculation can be carried out when the temperature of the culture medium is below 20 ℃. The vaccination site should be selected in a clean place free of miscellaneous bacteria infection. First break the strain into small pieces of 0.5~1.0cm, then open the film, spread the strain evenly on the surface of the medium, and wrap it quickly. Each 500g strain can be connected with 3 plates.

6 bacteria transmission and management

After inoculation, the mushroom plate should be stacked every 6-8 plates, covered with straw curtains, straw and so on. Not only to moisturize, but also to ventilation, every other week to reverse the stack, upside down, exchange. After 20-25 days, the hyphae basically covered the surface, at this time, the bacterial plate can be put on the shelf and straightened out on a single plate. The mushroom room should be ventilated once a week to supply oxygen to the plate. After another 4 weeks, the hyphae will penetrate the culture medium and an orange-red waxy layer will be formed on the surface of the material. At this time, it is the late stage of bacteria development, so it is necessary to enhance the scattered light in the mushroom room and maintain the air circulation in the mushroom room.

7 opening paddle

Open the film of the mushroom plate and draw a 0.2-0.5 deep groove along the surface of the culture medium with a knife every 3cm. There are usually 6-7 lines per plate. It should be noted that the opening time is best when the highest temperature is below 24 ℃, and should be arranged according to local air temperature conditions. Colder areas can open ahead of time.

8 mushroom production and management

The adaptation period of the medium after opening is 3-5 days, do not spray water on the surface of the mushroom plate, continue to cover the surface of the culture medium, and then spray water when the new mycelium grows on the paddle surface. The initial stage of water spraying is 4-5 days. Spray a small amount of foggy water into the plate every day to keep the surface of the bacterial plate moist. Instead, water should be sprayed on the floor and space of the mushroom room to enhance the humidity in the mushroom room, so that the humidity in the mushroom room should be kept at 85%-90%, spraying water 3 times a month for 4 times. Five days later is the heavy water period, spray water into the plate, so that the water permeates into the plate, at this time to increase night water spraying, so that the water content of the bacterial disk within 20 days to reach 70%. If the waxy layer is thicker, you can spray more water appropriately, and the thinner one can spray less water. When the temperature and humidity are suitable and reach the conditions needed for the formation of the primordium, the beige primordium begins to form on the surface of the disk, and the space humidity should be maintained at this time. When the bacterial cap grows to 0.3~0.5cm, the amount of spraying water should be increased appropriately, and the spray-like water is suitable. The mushroom room should be ventilated regularly to ensure adequate oxygen content.

9 harvesting

It should be harvested timely according to the purchase standard of mushrooms. When the diameter of the cap reaches 1.5~2cm, it should be harvested in time. The opening of the fruiting body should be avoided and the selling price should be reduced, which can not only reduce the nutrient consumption in the plate, but also help to turn to stubble in advance. After picking one crop of mushrooms, clean the surface and stop water for 4-5 days to restore the hyphae, accumulate nutrients and create favorable conditions for the growth of the next crop of mushrooms. The time of harvest is very important, and attention should be paid to improving the yield and quality of mushrooms.