Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with bag material covered with soil

Tiger milk mushroom alias Poria cocos Pleurotus ostreatus, Japanese known as Nanyang Poria cocos, for both medicine and food mushrooms. Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly used as medicine in sclerotia, and the fruiting body contains 16%-45% protein, which is edible. Sclerotia contains glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, cellobiose, palmitic acid, inositol, oleic acid and so on. Some countries and regions in Africa have a long tradition of edible and medicinal Pleurotus ostreatus. They cut the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus into fine pieces, or remove the sclerotia from the sclerotia, boil the slices or grind them in salt water, and cook soup with other seasonings. In Nigeria, Pleurotus ostreatus is used to treat stomachache, constipation, fever, cold, edema, chest pain, nervous system diseases, smallpox, asthma and hypertension, and to promote fetal development and improve the survival rate of premature infants. Southeast Asian countries also use Pleurotus ostreatus sclerotia to treat dysentery. In Yunnan Province, China, there is also a tradition of using Pleurotus ostreatus sclerotia as medicine, which is often used to treat women's mastitis. Tiger Milk Pleurotus ostreatus has a bright market prospect.

I. Biological characteristics

1. Ecological habits Pleurotus ostreatus grows naturally in the tropics and subtropics, and grows on the roots and buried trees of broad-leaved trees in summer and autumn. After the mycelium infects wood or tree stump, it causes white decay of wood and forms sclerotia in the ground, in wood or between tree roots. Producing areas are distributed in Hainan, Jiangxi and other places, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Cameroon, Nigeria, Uchanda, Ghana, Guinea, Tanzania, Australia and other countries have natural growth.

3. Living conditions ① nutrition, Pleurotus ostreatus is a typical wood rot fungus, which can make use of the straw of many broad-leaved trees, coniferous trees and various crops. The mycelium grew well on the Agar medium containing fructose, followed by mannose and glucose, and could utilize a variety of organic nitrogen, but the ability to utilize inorganic nitrogen was poor. At ② temperature, the mycelium could grow at 15-40 ℃, the optimum temperature was 28-35 ℃, the mycelium could not grow beyond 40 ℃, the mycelium grew slightly at 15 ℃, did not grow below 10 ℃, and the optimum temperature for Pleurotus ostreatus was 14-25 ℃. ③ moisture, mycelium growth is exuberant on the medium with a water content of 60% to 70%, the growth is slow below 60%, and is more sparse and delicate than 70%. The pH value of ④, the pH value of mycelium growth was 6-7, and the optimum pH value was 6. 5. ⑤ light, mycelium growth does not need light, fruiting body needs bright light, sclerotia can be formed in dark or bright environment. ⑥ air is a kind of aerobic fungus. Fresh air is needed for fruiting body growth. The cultivation room is poorly ventilated, and the fruiting body is deformed when the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds 0.1%.

Second, the cultivation technique of bag material covering soil.

The artificial domestication and cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus began in 1993, and Fujian Sanming Fungi Research Institute was the first successful experiment. In 1998, the Department of Biology of Fuzhou normal University in Jiangxi Province collected wild specimens and cultivated them successfully. In recent years, the introduction and development of production in various places, a variety of cultivation methods.

1. The cultivation site can be selected both indoor and outdoor, but the shed in the natural environment of field greenhouse and simple shack is more ideal. Because Pleurotus ostreatus has underground sclerotia, the cultivation site is higher than other mushrooms. The soil requires the humus layer to be fertile and loose, the surrounding space is open, the water source is convenient, the drainage and irrigation is smooth and the environment is clean. After the land is turned white, it is made into a border bed and disinfected. The shed has good ventilation, bright light, shade and heat dissipation, which is beneficial to the growth and development of fruit body in summer.

two。 In the cultivation season, the high temperature season in summer and autumn is the most suitable for mycelium growth and sclerotia formation. Cultivation in this season can not only reduce energy consumption and cost, but also shorten the cultivation cycle. Cultivation can also be carried out in the northern low temperature season as long as it is properly heated.

3. The preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus with cultivation materials is a typical wood rot fungus. The commonly used culture materials are as follows: ① cottonseed shell 45%, miscellaneous sawdust 35%, wheat bran 18%, sucrose 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, and the ratio of material to water 1 ∶ 1.1 to 1.3. ② sawdust 50%, soybean stalk 20%, cottonseed hull 10%, wheat bran 18%, calcium carbonate 1%, sucrose 1%. ③ corncob 38%, cottonseed hull 30%, miscellaneous sawdust 10%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, calcium carbonate 1%. When preparing, mix the dry material well, sucrose and calcium carbonate are dissolved in water, then add repeated stirring, sieve and break up the agglomeration, the water content is 60%, the pH value is 7.