High-yield cultivation of Giant Winter Peach

Giant winter peach, also known as Hongxue giant peach, is currently one of the largest varieties of winter peach in China, its fruit sugar content is as high as 19.6%, and its maturity coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day festival, so it is favored by fruit farmers and consumers in recent years, and is worth popularizing.

I. Variety characteristics

The fruit of this variety is nearly round, the average weight of a single fruit is 400 grams, the background color is milky yellow, the fruit surface is more than 60% bright red, and the pulp is milky white, crisp and tender, sticky core, and the taste is extremely sweet. The fruit is very resistant to storage and transportation and can be stored for more than 35 days at room temperature. The variety has strong growth, upright tree posture, short internodes, easy to form flower buds, self-flowering fruit rate as high as 41%, fruiting rate of 100% in the second year, plant yield of 18 kg in the third year, and high yield of fresh fruit per mu of 4000 kg after the fourth year.

II. Planting specifications

In order to obtain high yield, dwarfing and dense planting should be adopted. The suitable planting specification for flat land and sloping soil is 3 m × 1 m, and 222 plants are planted per mu. The planting hole is 80 cm long, 80 cm wide and 60 cm deep. Crop straw and soil fertilizer are filled into the hole layer by layer to achieve one layer of fertilizer and one layer of soil. The uppermost layer is covered with 30 centimeters of soil. The best planting time is from September to November and from February to March of the following year.

III. Fertilizer and water management

Peach trees planted in winter were fertilized for the first time after sprouting in spring and then every 15 days. Nitrogen, phosphorus and organic fertilizers were applied to water every time. Stop topdressing in July to control the growth of branches and facilitate the formation of flowers. In late September, manure and water from mature human and animal were applied once. In the second year, compound fertilizer was applied once in February, July, late September and early May, and it was in the early stage of flowering in early March. In case of drought, it should be watered in time to resist drought to facilitate flowering. The tree plate was covered with crop straw or weeds in the high temperature season from May to September in order to resist drought and moisturize and facilitate the expansion of fruit. In rainy season, ditch drainage should be done in time to prevent waterlogging and create a suitable environment.

IV. Shaping and pruning

The V-shaped shape has the advantages of good ventilation and light transmission, early results, high and stable yield. The method is as follows: 40 cm to 50 cm short cut and fixed stem in the same year, two strong branches extending to the vigorous growth between the rows are selected as permanent main branches, no central trunk is left, and two bamboo poles are obliquely inserted to fix them, and the main branch is at an angle of 45 degrees with the ground. Another 4 or 6 new shoots were selected as auxiliary branches, and their hearts were picked and twisted when they were 30 cm long to promote the formation of flowers, and then hang fruit the following year. After entering the high-yield period, the auxiliary branches will be gradually thinned. When the main branch is 40 cm, the top shoot is selected as an extension branch, and it is tied to the oblique bamboo pole. When pruning in the second year, the extended branches were cut short to promote the branching, and the extended branches were selected. The shape of the tree has been shaped for 2 to 3 years. The length of the main branch and the extended branch is about 1.5 meters, and the light transmission zone between the rows is 0.6 meters.

V. Flower and fruit management

This variety is easy to flower, strong in self-flowering and light in physiological fruit drop and pre-harvest fruit drop. Fruit thinning was carried out from late May to early June, keeping the ratio of leaf to fruit at 50:1. Bagging can not only prevent the harm of diseases and insect pests and fruit cracking, but also significantly increase coloring and improve quality. Bagging was carried out after fruit thinning in early June and unbagged in mid-September.

VI. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Spraying insecticidal and fungicide before and after bagging; spraying 3-5 degree stone-sulfur mixture before germination to prevent leaf shrinkage disease; spraying speed killing liquid in early April to control aphids; spraying mancozeb solution or carbendazim solution from early May to early June to control bacterial perforation, powdery mildew and scab; spraying chrysanthemum fat solution to kill leaf moth and other pests from July to August.