Problems and Countermeasures in the production of Ziziphus jujuba

Although Mao Ye jujube has been introduced and planted successfully in the south of China, it is still in its infancy and the area of productive planting is not large at present. However, at present, there are some problems in the cultivation of maoye jujube in China, such as disorderly varieties, extensive cultivation management, poor circulation channels and so on, which need to be further improved and solved.

First, the division of development is not strong, and the varieties are cluttered.

Maoye jujube has the characteristics of early fruiting and high yield (put into production in the same year), high quality and high price, coupled with a lot of publicity by some fruit seedling suppliers in the media, so in recent years, there has been an upsurge of planting Maoye jujube in several southern provinces. Maoye jujube seedlings are in short supply and the price remains high. But at the same time, there are also some problems: first, blind planting in some places, planting a large number of Mao Ye jujube in unsuitable areas vulnerable to freezing damage in winter, resulting in Maoye jujube can not safely survive the winter, causing fruit farmers to suffer losses; second, the seedling market is not standard and the varieties are messy. Fish eyes are mixed with pearls. Some fruit seedling suppliers take advantage of fruit farmers' lack of understanding of varieties, poor identification ability, inferior quality, and even introduce wild seedlings (which can only be used as rootstocks) from Southeast Asia to market without grafting. Gaolang No. 1 in Taiwan jujube population has good comprehensive characters and high price, but the source of scion is limited, so that the seedlings of this variety are in short supply. Some fruit seedling suppliers also use Burmese jujube varieties as Gaolang No. 1, causing fruit farmers to suffer unnecessary losses.

To sum up, only under the premise of suitable cultivation and selection of improved varieties, can the production of Ziziphus jujuba can achieve high yield, high quality and high efficiency. In addition, due to the great variation of Ziziphus jujuba, through seed selection, bud mutation selection, foreign introduction and other ways, the cultivated varieties are constantly updated, and a new variety appears almost every two years in recent years. Taking advantage of the characteristic that maoye jujube is easy to be grafted and replaced, the problem of inferior original varieties can be solved by grafting in spring. The characteristics of great variation of Zizyphus jujuba also put forward new requirements for the majority of fruit growers. It is best for fruit growers to take the best single plant in the orchard as scion every year and graft and renew the whole orchard (grafting). Only in this way can we continuously improve the quality of Zizyphus jujuba, put an end to the history of introduction of fine varieties of Zizyphus jujuba, and make the planting industry of Ziziphus jujuba in an invincible position.

Second, extensive cultivation and management, serious diseases and insect pests and low fruit commodity rate.

The cultivation of Zizyphus jujuba is in its infancy in the mainland, and the fruit growers do not know much about the cultivation techniques and pest control techniques. Although Mao Ye jujube is coarse and easy to manage, it has a relatively high demand for fertilizer and water because of its heavy pruning degree and large amount of fruit. Some fruit growers only focus on planting but ignore management, extensive cultivation management and neglect of pest control (mainly one disease and one pest, namely powdery mildew and red spider); or lack of irrigation because of poor site conditions (low yield due to lack of water in fruiting period, small fruit, serious fruit drop, soft meat and poor quality); or due to poor fertilization (maoye jujube needs a lot of organic fertilizer, potassium, magnesium and boron deficiency in the fruit period should be replenished in time) Or because they do not understand the plant shape characteristics of Zizyphus jujuba (tree shape opening, suitable for sparse planting), the planting is too dense, resulting in the closure of orchards and serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests; or because they do not know how to prune and build frames, the tree potential declines, the fruiting ability decreases year by year, and is vulnerable to wind damage. finally lead to low commodity rate of fruit and poor efficiency. Therefore, under the premise of improving varieties and regionalization, it is urgent to teach high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of Zizyphus jujuba to fruit farmers.

III. Disconnection between production, supply and marketing, and poor circulation channels

In recent years, the price of fresh fruit of Zizyphus jujuba is quite high in the market, which stimulates the rapid growth of cultivated area to some extent. However, at present, the production of Mao Ye jujube in the mainland is mainly decentralized management by farmers, and the corresponding supply and marketing system has not yet been established and improved. With the rapid growth of cultivated area and yield of Ziziphus jujuba, the contradiction of difficult to sell fruit will become increasingly prominent. In addition, due to the late start of Maoye jujube in China, it will take time for most people to understand and accept it. With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for diversity of fruit varieties is also increasing, coupled with the active promotion of growers and the media, it is believed that Mao Ye jujube will soon become a best-selling fruit. In recent years, some large-scale and specialized jujube orchards have appeared in the economically developed areas of our country. In places where agricultural industrialization is well managed, a variety of business organization forms have emerged, such as "company + peasant household", "company + professional cooperative economic organization + peasant household", "professional cooperative economic organization + peasant household" and "other intermediary organization + peasant household". Through the continuous expansion of these business organizations and a variety of other channels, the problem of fruit farmers' difficulty in selling fruit can be solved step by step.