Cultivation techniques of Pinellia ternata (1)

(1) selection of land and land preparation

It is suitable to choose loose and fertile soil, strong water and fertility conservation, neutral sandy loam, and intercropping under high-stem crops such as orchards or corn. Ploughing the soil in winter to make it weathered and mature. At the beginning of spring, the land is leveled with 30000 kg of barnyard manure or compost and 750kg of superphosphate per hectare, and then fine rakes are made into a high border with a width of 1.3m, with a width of 40cm.

(2) generally, tubers or bulbs are used for propagation, and seeds can also be propagated, but the seed germination rate is low and the production cycle is long, so it is rarely used.

1. When tubers are propagated in autumn and dug in Pinellia ternata, small tubers with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter and free from diseases and insect pests are selected for planting. Mix with fine sand, put it in a cool and ventilated place, and plant it in winter or spring of the following year. It is better to plant in spring, and the yield is low in autumn and winter. Before planting, the tubers were graded according to size and planted separately. It is generally planted when the average daily ground temperature in spring is about 10 ℃, according to the row spacing of 12 cm to 15 cm, plant spacing of 5 cm to 10 cm, trench width of 10 cm and depth of 5 cm, staggered arrangement in each ditch, and buds are placed into the ditch. Covered with soil flat, slightly suppressed, generally use about 1500 kg of seed stem per hectare. For the convenience of soil cultivation and weeding, double-row strip sowing can also be used, that is, 30 cm wide row and 10 cm narrow row. The planting method in autumn is the same as that in spring.

2. Bulbous propagation one bud per stem and leaf of Pinellia ternata, with sufficient quantity, high germination rate and early maturity, is the main way to develop the production of Pinellia ternata. In summer and autumn, when the old leaves are about to wither, the bulbs are ripe and can be picked and propagated. Dig holes according to the row spacing of 10 cm × 8 cm, plant 2-3 bulbs in each hole, then cover the soil with 1-1.5 cm, and then compact slightly. The "covering soil method" can be used to cultivate the bulbs that fall on the surface. The method is: each batch of seedlings, cover the soil once, cover the soil should be thin, in order not to expose the beads for the degree. At the same time, the application of appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can not only ensure the growth of bulbous buds, but also promote the growth of underground mother tubers, kill two birds with one stone and increase yield.

3. seed reproduction of Pinellia ternata, which is more than 2 years old, can blossom and bear fruit one after another from early summer to autumn and winter. When the flame bracts withered and sagged, the seeds were collected and stored in wet sand. From late March to early April, semi-positive and semi-shady plots were selected and prepared for bed. According to row spacing of 5cm to 7cm, shallow trenches were opened for sowing. After sowing, they were covered with fine soil 1 cm thick, and manhole cover grass was insulated and moisturized, and seedlings could emerge in about 15 days. Remove the cover grass in time after emergence, when the seedling height is 6cm, it can be planted.

(3) No matter which breeding method is adopted in water and fertilizer management, permeable water should be irrigated once before sowing to facilitate seedling emergence. Water should be often watered after emergence, especially before and after "the Beginning of Autumn". Dung water at 1:10 can be used to keep the soil moist. After autumn, the amount of water can be reduced gradually. In addition to applying sufficient basal fertilizer, topdressing was applied 4 times during the growing period, the first time after the seedlings were completed in early April, 15000 kg of human and animal feces were applied at 1:3 per hectare, the second time during the period of bulblet formation in late May, 30000 kg of human and animal feces were applied per hectare, and after the seedlings were dropped for the third time in August, when the new buds appeared in Pinellia ternata and the shelled mother Pinellia ternata grew new roots, they were poured with 1:10 dung water once every 15 days, and gradually emerged after autumn. The fourth time in early September, when the whole seedlings of Pinellia ternata were full of seedlings, 375 kg of rotten cake fertilizer, 300 kg of calcium superphosphate and 150 kg of urea were applied per hectare, mixed evenly with ditch mud and scattered on the soil surface, which played a role in soil cultivation and was beneficial to grouting.

(4) Field management

1. The plant of Pinellia ternata is short and small, so it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed frequently during the growth period, so as to remove small, early and avoid grass famine. The depth of intertillage is generally no more than 5 cm to avoid root damage.

2. If there is no seed left, the scape will be cut off in May, so that the nutrients are concentrated in the underground tuber growth, which is beneficial to the yield increase.

3. Drainage and irrigation Pinellia ternata likes to be wet and afraid of drought, when it is sunny for a long time, it should be irrigated in time; if there is too much Rain Water, it should be drained in time to avoid rotting tubers due to stagnant water in the field.