Causes and control of common abnormal mushrooms

The manifestations of deformed mushrooms are various, and the common ones in production are: Pleurotus ostreatus, hollow mushroom, big fart mushroom, hard open umbrella and early opening umbrella, red root, water spot.

Mine mushroom. The main reason for the formation is that the cover soil material is too thick, the soil quality is hard, the cover soil is thick, the surface layer of the cover soil contains less water, and the temperature and humidity conditions of its lower part and base material are suitable for the occurrence and growth of the fruit body, so it is easy to differentiate into a fruit body in the middle and lower layer of the material surface or the cover soil layer, and then drill out of the soil surface. Solution: select high-quality humus soil, can be proportionally mixed with a certain amount of mature cow dung or wheat bran, rice husk, etc.; in the process of soil collection, soil drying and treatment, it should be screened so that most of the soil grains are the same size as @ # @ 245 grains, the largest can be about 1x2 of corn kernels, accompanied by some soil grains; the cover of the soil does not need to be too thick, generally about 3 cm, and pay attention to keep the corresponding uniform moisture content.

Hollow mushrooms. It is formed because the water content of the overlying soil layer is insufficient, or the water content of the base material is on the low side, so that the demand for water to maintain normal growth of the mushroom body can not be met. In addition to solving the problem of water content in the overlying soil layer, appropriate greenhouse moisture is an effective auxiliary means, which can be regulated in the range of 85% to 90%, and it is disadvantageous to be too high and too low.

Big-ass mushroom. The reason for the formation is that the temperature of the shed rises and drops suddenly, the temperature difference is large, or it is attacked by cold or hot air, the growth of the stalk of the cap is not balanced, or because the humidity of the shed is too low, and the water content of the overlying soil layer is suitable, Pleurotus ostreatus can occur. In addition, some chemicals can also lead to the occurrence of this kind of deformed mushroom.

Open the umbrella hard. The reason for the formation is that the temperature difference between day and night in the mushroom room is more than 10 ℃, or the hard opening of the umbrella caused by cold air attack. Too high density of mushroom, too high temperature, too low humidity, fast growth of fruiting body and thin cover of stalk will lead to early opening of umbrella. The prevention method is to build curtains outside the room during temperature fusion to keep the indoor temperature and humidity basically stable.

Red root. Too much water is used in the high temperature stage before mushroom production, the water content of the overlying soil layer is too large, the culture material is too acidic, too much sugar topdressing, poor ventilation and so on may form red roots. Attention should be paid to keeping the water content of the covered soil between 22-25%, so as to avoid spraying water at high temperature. Topdressing should be appropriate, sugar content should be moderate. If you find red root, you can spray some lime water properly.

Water blotches. After spraying water for many times, it is required to open the doors and windows for 0.5 hours for ventilation in order to keep the indoor air fresh. Otherwise, if the humidity in the mushroom is too high, small water droplets will be left on the mushroom surface and ferruginous spots will be formed for a longer time.