Cultivation techniques of Jerusalem artichoke in North America

Jerusalem artichoke, perennial herb, ground chrysanthemum, underground taro, leaves long ovate, heads, autumn flowers, tubers spindle. Stem and leaf yield of 5000 - 10000 kg per mu, high nutritional value, known as high-quality "protein chrysanthemum", can be used as feed. The yield of tubers per mu is 3000 - 5000 kg. It can be used as vegetables, miscellaneous grains, starch and alcohol. Jerusalem artichoke is also a kind of flowers, flowers can beautify the environment. Compared with grain amaranth, pine herb and other forages produced separately, it has great effect, high value, wide adaptability and popular market.

North American Jerusalem artichoke stems and tubers are rich in protein and other nutrients, which are called "21st century human-animal crops" by FAO officials. Its stems and leaves grow luxuriantly from the beginning of spring to the beginning of winter, and the growth period reaches 7 - 8 months. The appearance and protein of stems and leaves are equivalent to those of colophonium perfoliatum, which cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, chickens and ducks like to eat. South harvest 2 - 3 crops a year, an mu of stem and leaf crude protein content of 200 - 350 kg, harvested dry stems and leaves can also be processed into pellet feed, fermentation after adding feed additives higher nutritional value. Tubers contain more than 14% protein and 1% lysine. Its palatability is better than sweet potato and radish, and its nutritional value is higher than that of general grain and feed crops. It is not only an ideal feed for livestock and poultry, but also an ideal green nutritious food for human beings. The market prospect of planting and development is promising.

II. Cultivation techniques

1. Sowing Jerusalem artichoke in North America is usually spring sowing. The method of sowing is embedding tubers. Due to climate differences, sowing is generally carried out from March to May. The average ground temperature of 10 - 15℃ can germinate seedlings. When sowing, Jerusalem artichoke can be planted in front of houses, roadside and barren hills due to its drought resistance and wide saline-alkali resistance adaptability. Before sowing, the tubers are sorted, according to the number of germination points, the tubers are cut into several pieces with a clean knife, 5 - 10 cm deep pits are dug, the tuber germination points are placed upward into the soil, and the soil is covered with soil and gently suppressed with feet. The sowing density is about 4000 plants/mu, and the density of poor soil conditions can be increased to more than 5000 plants. When sowing, water in dry weather or sow after rain.

2, field management ① intertillage weeding: seedling weeding 2 - 3 times, conducive to moisture preservation and strong seedlings. When the stems and leaves are more than 30 cm high and cover most of the ground, they can control the growth of weeds. Do not weed again. A few tall grass can be plucked out. 2. In case of long-term drought and yellow leaves, water them in due time. Under normal circumstances do not water. 3. Cultivate soil. In case of strong wind after rain, when Jerusalem artichoke falls askew, it is necessary to strengthen soil cultivation in time, and dig ditches for drainage to prevent soil moisture from occurring.④ Fertilization: 30 - 50 kg diammonium phosphate per mu before sowing, topdressing 1 - 2 times in the whole growth period, once in June and once in August. Each time nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer about 15 kilograms.

3, pest control Jerusalem artichoke generally no obvious pests, such as root rot phenomenon at the base of the stem, can be sprayed with 0.1% thiophane methyl. In order to prevent mole cricket and cutworm damage in early seedling stage or seedling stage, soil treatment can be carried out before sowing, and low toxicity pesticides such as trichlorfon can be mixed with poison bait after sowing. Available omethoate or carbendazim spray kill red spiders and bugs, etc.

4. Harvesting is generally around November. When the flowers and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke are dry, the stems and leaves can be harvested and tubers dug out.