Problems and Countermeasures in the Production of Wheat Intercropping Three Cherry Pepper

With the adjustment of agricultural structure, three cherry peppers have been planted in Neihuang County since 1993 and have grown to 4300 hectares in 2004, among which Lu Cun Township is more concentrated, with a planting area of about 2900 hectares. and established an area of 6.5ha, annual trading volume of 87 million tons, annual trading volume of 29.58 million yuan trading market, achieved good economic and social benefits, but there are still many problems, restricting the economic benefits of farmers.

1 problems existing in production

① hybrid degraded farmers buy seeds once more, plant for many years, and do not select plants, so that the rate of hybrid plants in the field is more than 30%.

② seedlings can not meet the requirements of strong seedlings due to the small area of seedling bed, quenching disease and serious blight disease, the rate of tall seedlings and weak seedlings is as high as 45%.

In 2000, when ③ diseases and insect pests were serious, the rate of sunburn and virus diseases was 45% to 55%, and production was generally reduced by 15% to 20%. In 2001, tea yellow mites occurred greatly, and farmers delayed the best period of prevention and control because they mistakenly believed that virus diseases. As a result, the diseased plants were as high as 70% to 80%, generally reducing production by 30%, and in serious cases by 40%.

The commodity quality of ④ fruit is poor, the fruit shape is uneven, the thickness is different, the color is not only crimson, but also light red, yellow red, yellow and white, as well as diseases and insect pests.

2 coping measures

2.1 selection of improved varieties

Choose varieties with high purity and high yield, such as Japanese Yamagi three cherry peppers, warhead three cherry peppers, sky eagle peppers and so on. When purchasing seeds, it is appropriate to look at the varieties and the origin, and choose the seeds produced by scientific research institutions and large seed companies. If the seeds are retained, the plants with compact plant type, many and concentrated fruits and typical characters of this variety should be selected for use next year, and the selection of self-retained seeds can only be carried out for 2 years at most.

2.2 pay attention to four measures to cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings

① expands the seedbed area, applying sufficient basic fertilizer for every 667m2 field requires a seedbed area of 15,17m2, applying NPK compound fertilizer 0.2~0.3kg per square meter, applying rotten straw organic fertilizer 1.5~2kg, turning 20~25cm deeply, turning twice, leveling and raking fine beds to ensure adequate nutrient area and nutrient supply for seedlings.

② seeds were soaked in 55-60 ℃ hot water before disinfection and sowing, and stirred constantly. When the water temperature dropped to 25 ℃, the seeds were stopped stirring and soaked for 6 hours. After removing the blighted seeds, the seeds were soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution 20min, washed and germinated, which can kill bacteria and prevent virus diseases.

③ dispensing soil, covering every 1 square meter of nursery bed with 8: 9 g mixed powder (3 parts of 50% carbendazim, 2 parts of 50% dimethyloxone, 1 part of 50% methyl topiramate), 2 parts of carbendazim, 2 parts of thiophanate, 1 part of methyl topiramate, 1 part of soil, 1 part of soil, sowing and sowing, sprinkling in the nursery bed. Before sowing after watering the seedling bed, using 1g 3kg of Luheng No. 1 to water, spraying the bed surface, and then covering the seeds with 1g of Luheng 1g plus fine soil 15~20kg after sowing can prevent quenching and blight.

④ instead of sowing to find a straight stick for sowing, nail a nail according to the 4cm spacing, and nail a stick in the middle of the stick, then pull it into a square on the seedbed, and place the seeds in the middle of the square to ensure that the seedlings are neat and healthy.

The standard plant height of ⑤ strong seedling is 1520 cm, 12 leaves, thick green and thick color, thick stem 3mm, elastic feel, many and white roots, no diseases and insect pests.

2.3 strengthen field management and win high yield

① should be planted early and the planting density should be increased appropriately. Two days before planting, spray with 5% virus clear 300x solution, mix 1.5% agricultural streptomycin according to 1 ∶ 50 with clay and a small amount of water to form mushy roots, which can avoid plant infection by multiple viruses, kill aphids and promote new roots to return seedlings quickly. Two plants were planted in the field, with a distance of 7500 to 8000 holes per 667m ~ 2 15~20cm.

7-10 days before wheat harvest in ② intercropping, combined with irrigation, early-maturing corn, such as Zhengdan958, Xiyu 3, Anyu 9, was planted at the distance of 0.5m beside the pepper row, and the seedlings were fixed per plant. It is beneficial to pepper shading and preventing sunburn and virus disease; in pepper and corn intercropping, cotton bollworm generally only feeds on corn heart leaves, which significantly reduces the damage rate of pepper; it not only does not affect pepper yield, but also can harvest corn to improve economic benefits.

③ timely pick the heart, strengthen the fertilizer and water management after wheat harvest, pick the heart in time, pick small, pick early, more promote lateral branches, can also be strong seedlings early hit, weak seedlings hit late, generally pick the heart when 18 leaves 20 pieces. Ploughing after wheat, trenching beside the pepper row, re-applying post-wheat fertilizer, urea 7.5kg 20kg compound fertilizer. In late July, the application of compound fertilizer 15kg, late August, application of compound fertilizer 10kg, combined with irrigation, should be deep application, put an end to spreading, to ensure that pepper has an adequate supply of nutrients in the whole growth period.

After wheat harvest with ④ disease and pest control, 2.5% pest control aphid 2000 times solution, 2.5% deltamethrin wettable powder solution, 2.5% kungfu 2000 times solution, 50% aphid fog, eliminate aphids and whitefly, prevent virus diseases, and then spray once every 7 days according to the occurrence of aphids. With or without symptoms, spray virus K600 times once every 7 days, 10% ammonium naphthalene acetate injection, add water 15 kg, 5% virus clear 300 times, 20% virus A400 times, alternately, spray 5 times 6 times. To prevent and cure sunburn, in addition to intercropping corn, 0.5% calcium nitrate solution can be sprayed 2 times 3 times from the middle of July to the first and middle of August, once every 7 to 10 days. Many farmers mistakenly regard tea yellow mites as virus disease prevention and cure. The harmful symptoms of tea yellow mites are yellow-brown pepper, leaf edges curved to the back, uneven leaves, yellowish-brown young stems, and serious damage, when flowers and fruits are bald, fruit stalks and fruits become yellow-brown, dull, growth stagnates and hardens. When it is found that individual fields are diseased, 73% propargite 2000 times solution, 2% avermectin EC 1000 times solution, 20% paraben 3000 times solution can be used for prevention and control. The occurrence period was 7-10 days, once in 7-10 days, and 3-4 times in a row. Focus on spraying the upper part of the plant, the back of the tender leaves, the tender stems, the undeveloped heart leaves and the tender buds of the internodes. Acaricides are generally not mixed with other pesticides. The control of Helicoverpa armigera is usually in late June, mid-July and mid-August. Once the eggs and larvae are found, the eggs and larvae can be controlled with Wanling 1 packet of water 15kg, Lufu 800x solution, Bt emulsion 300x solution and 47% Lesbon 800x solution. During the period of occurrence, it was sprayed once in 5-7 days for 2-3 times in a row. The key is to eliminate completely before the egg stage and the 3rd instar larvae.

2.4 timely topping

The peak period is around September 10. If the fruit is not topped, the late fruit will hang late, the harvest will be light red, purple, more cyan, light color, thin skin, light fruit, poor quality, low price and decreased economic benefits.

2.5 timely pulling and harvesting of seedlings

Pull up seedlings from Cold Dew to Frost fall Festival. It can also be sprayed on a sunny morning with 1000 times ethephon 7-10 days before pulling seedlings to promote the transformation of nutrition to the fruit and help the fruit turn red. In the process of fruit picking, the natural mature, normal fruit shape and immature green fruit and fruit shape are too small, disease and insect fruits are separated to achieve high quality and high price.