What kinds of cycads do you have?

Cycad is a rare plant group in the world, there are 24 kinds of cycads, the common ones in gardens are: South China cycad, Sichuan cycad, Panzhihua cycad, forked cycad, polycycad, zemi cycad and so on.

Indian cycads have erect stems. They have 20-30 hard leaves, each 90 cm long and shaped like a sharp gun. They have 50-100 pairs of leaflets, 10-17.5 cm long and 3-4 mm wide, and tilt forward 45 °. The petiole has tiny thorns.

Female cones open, spore leaves 15-20 cm long, with pink to brown cotton hair drooping and two small eggs. Pine cones grow from November to December and mature from March to May. The edge of the leaf is serrated and the tip is sharp. The Testa is yellow to brown. The male cone is ovate, 30 cm long and 7 cm wide, and the spore leaf surface is rhomboid.

There is a layer of flesh between the outer seed coat and the hard pericarp of the Indian cycad fruit, which can provide water for the seeds. Because the seed has no dormancy, it is an important survival condition for the seed.

Conservation

Indian cycads grow in arid and hot eastern India. They are slightly resistant to fire, but their seeds and seedlings are easily affected by grass fire. Locals collect male cones to treat rheumatoid arthritis and muscle pain. They are now in critical condition because of the demand for their medicinal properties.

Hainan cycad C. hainanensis

Hainan cycad (cycas hainanensis), commonly known as dragon tail grass or stinging cycad, is a plant growing in Hainan Province, China, belonging to the cycads family. It is only found in Wanning in the southeast of Hainan Island and Haikou in the northeast.

Hainan cycad grows from 200m to 1000 m above sea level and has not been introduced and cultivated artificially at present.

Forked leaf cycad C. micholitzii

Forked leaf cycad (scientific name: Cycas micholitzii) alias, Longkou cycad (flora of Chinese cycads), belongs to the genus Cycas of Cycaceae. Distributed in Vietnam and Chinese mainland in Guangxi and other places, often grow in the broad-leaved forest at the foot of Shishan, has not been artificially introduced and cultivated.

Grate cycad C. pectinata

Grate cycad (scientific name: Cycas pectinata) belongs to the genus Cycas of Cycaceae. Distributed in Myanmar, India, Thailand, Sikkim, Nepal, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Chinese mainland Yunnan: Kunming, growing at 1210 meters above sea level, mostly in limestone slopes or mixed wood forests, has not yet been artificially introduced and cultivated.

Cycad C. revolute

Cycad (scientific name: Cycas revoluta), also known as iron tree, Phoenix-tailed banana, Phoenix-tailed pine, fire-avoiding tree, belongs to the cycads family.

Native to the Ryukyu Islands south of Kyushu, Japan, it is also one of the most widely cultivated cycads in the world. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, Hong Kong and other places in China. In addition, the "cycad colony" in Amami Yoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, has about 60,000 cycads all over the mountain, making it the largest concentration of cycads in Japan.

South China cycad C. rumphii

South China cycad (scientific name: Cycas rumphii) belongs to the genus Cycas of Cycaceae. Distributed in Indonesia, New Guinea and Christmas Island, it grows mostly in hillside forest, and has not been artificially introduced and cultivated at present.

Form

The trunk is 4 to 8 meters high, up to 15 meters high. Pinnate leaf blade 1.8 m long, leaflets 50 to 60 pairs, 25 cm long, 5 to 15 mm wide, margin flat or slightly revolute, base decurrent. Pinnae apex leaflets gradually shorter or suddenly shorter to a few mm, leaf rachis raised above, with spines on both sides of petiole. Ornamental plants are often used in gardens all over South China.

Alias

Cycas przewalskii (Chinese tree taxonomy), Cycas longwei (Hainan Flora)

Yunnan cycad C. siamensis

Yunnan cycad (scientific name: Cycas siamensis), also known as Siamese cycad, is a plant of the genus Cycas of Cycaceae. Distributed in Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Chinese mainland Lancang, Yunnan: Simao, Guangxi, Luxi, Jinghong, Guangdong and other places, growing in areas ranging from 500m to 1800 m above sea level, mostly in seasonal rain forests and sparse forests on hillsides, it has not yet been introduced and cultivated artificially.

Sichuan cycad C. smhuanensis

Sichuan cycad (scientific name: Cycas szechuanensis), also known as Nanpanjiang cycad, Guizhou cycad, belongs to the genus Cycas of Cycaceae and is endemic to China. Chinese mainland distributed in Emei Mountain in Sichuan, Nanping, Fujian, Ya'an, Leshan and other places, often growing in valleys and streams, has not been artificially introduced and cultivated.

Taitung cycad C. taitungensis

Taitung cycad (scientific name: Cycas taitungensis) is the only plant of Cycaceae endemic to Taiwan. Its English name is Taitung cycad.

The tree is 1 to 4.5 meters tall, the stem is columnar, single and rarely branched, and the trunk is thick and densely covered with a woody base with residual petioles (leaf scars). The leaves are pinnately compound, about 2 meters long, clustered at the top of the stem, the leaflets are linear, arranged horizontally, the median leaflet is about 26 cm long, the leaf margin is flat and does not rewind, and the back of the leaf is not tomentose. Dioecious, unisexual flowers, male cones (small vesicles) long cylindrical, composed of most triangular pointed small cotyledons, shaped like cones; female cones (large cell cotyledons) flattened, lobes slender red, ovules inserted on both sides. Seeds drupelike, Obovate or long elliptic, reddish purple.

Taiwan cycad C. taiwaniana

Taiwan cycad (scientific name: Cycas taiwaniana), also known as Guangdong cycad, is distributed only in Fujian and Guangdong, China. The original specimens are confused with the species collected in Taitung, Taiwan and now renamed Taitung cycad, and the species nickname is "taiwaniana" (meaning "Taiwan's"). However, according to further morphological and biochemical studies, Taiwan cycads have been separated from Taitung cycads in the taxonomic upper region.

Taitung cycad (Cycas taitungensis), which used to be mistaken for Taiwan cycad, is actually two different plants. The English name is Taiwan Cycas.

Debao cycad C. debaoensis

Debao cycad (scientific name: Cycas debaoensis) is a plant of the genus Cycas. It is a national first-class protected plant and is endemic to China.

Most of the trunk grows underground, and the aboveground part is only 40 to 70 cm high and 25 to 40 cm in diameter, sometimes tufted; dark brown, apically scaly, base smooth. There are 5 to 11 leaves, each leaf 3-pinnatifid, the outline is oval, in the cross section, the pinnate lobes are V-shaped, 1.3 to 2.7 meters long and 0.5 to 1.5 meters wide. Petiole cross section rounded-Obovate, 0.6 to 1.3 m long, 1.5-3 cm in diameter; tomentose when young, glabrescent with base, spiny above base. Spines 20 to 55, growing along both sides of the leaf axis, 1 to 4.5 cm apart, conical, 3 to 4 cm long. The leaf front is green and glossy, and the back is light green, linear.

The male cones are initially ovate and brown tomentose; when mature, they are depilate and spindle-shaped, 13 to 25 cm long and 4 to 9 cm in diameter. Microspore leaves narrowly cuneate, 3 to 3.5 cm long and 1.2 to 1.6 cm wide. There are 30 to 50 megaspore leaves, 15 to 20 cm long, with yellowish brown tomentose, 3 to 4 seeds, yellow to brown, subglobose or ovoid, seeds slightly flat, 3 to 3.5 cm long and 2.5 to 3 cm wide, with tips at the tip; seed coat finely raised. The pollination period is from March to April, and the seed maturity period is November.

The distribution area of cycad is narrow, and it is only distributed on the limestone hillside between 800 meters above sea level in Fuping Township, Debao County, Guangxi. Due to human factors, its number has decreased sharply from more than 2000 in 1998 to 1085 in 2001, especially in adult plants. as a result, the age structure tends to be juvenile.

Panzhihua cycad C. panzhihuaensis

Panzhihua cycad (scientific name: Cycas panzhihuaensis) is a plant of the genus Cycas. It is a national first-class protected plant and is endemic to China.

The stem is 0.4 to 1 m high. Pinnate leaves are 0.7 to 1.5 m long and there are usually 70 to 105 pairs of pinnate lobes. There are straight short thorns on both sides of the upper part of the petiole, the pinnate lobes are linear, straight or slightly curved, thick leathery, the lower part is glabrous or there are chestnut hairs in the middle and lower parts, the midvein is more raised, the base is cuneate, both sides are flat and oblique, and the margin is slightly curled after drying. Male cones oblique at stem tip, fusiform or long elliptic cylindrical, slightly curved, 25 to 45 cm long and 8 to 11 cm in diameter; densely tomentose. The female cones are globose or conical at the top of the stem, the megaspores are yellowish brown to brown tomentose, the apex is flattened, broadly rhombic or rhomboid-ovate, 8 to 10 cm long and 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide, the middle and upper part of the stem is deeply toothed, 15 to 20 subulate lobes, and 1 to 5 smooth glabrous ovules are borne in the middle and upper part of the stalk. The seed is subglobose or slightly flat, smooth and glabrous, the aril is fleshy, orange-red, thinly papery, fragile, the exocarp is bone, the middle seed coat is smooth, the inner seed coat is thick membranous, and the endosperm is rich.

Gourd cycad C. changjiangensis

Gourd cycad (Cycas changjiangensis) belongs to the genus Cycas of Cycas family. Distributed in Chinese mainland in Hainan and other places, the stem is gourd-shaped, has not been artificially introduced and cultivated.

Ash dried cycad C. honghoensis

Gray dried cycad (scientific name: Cycas hongheensis) is also known as Honghe cycad and fine leaf cycad. A plant of the genus Cycas. It is a national first-class protected plant and is endemic to China.

The trunk is 5-8 m high, the base is dilated, sometimes branched, the trunk is 30-40 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 1.3 m, the bark is longitudinally split, smooth, gray-white. Scale leaves lanceolate, hard, 3-4.5cm long, base 1-1.5cm wide, tip pointed, smooth above, abaxially densely yellowish brown tomentose, leaf margin flat or slightly revolute, seeds globose, 1.7-2.7cm long, 1.6-2.4cm in diameter, yellow, orange to orange-red at maturity.

Broad-leaf cycad C. balansae

Broad-leaf cycad (scientific name: Cycas balansae), also known as Yunnan cycad, is a species of cycads, native to southwestern Guangxi and southern Yunnan, and also growing in northern Vietnam. It grows in alpine rainforest and is more hardy.

Single-feathered cycad C. simplicipinna

Shishan cycad C. miquelii

Rusty cycad C. ferruginea

Light fruit cycad C. thouarsii

C. angulata

Kane cycad C. cairnsiana

Java cycad C. javana

Lingshui cycad C. lingshuigensis

Big fruit cycad C. megacarpa

Rock cycad C. petrae

Norgenza cycad C. nongnoochiae

Serpentine cycad C. Ophiolitica

Broad-leaf cycad C. platyphylla

Sanya cycad C. shanyagensis

C. silvestris in Milin Cycas

Wade cycad C. wadei

Australian cycad C. media

Australian cycad (scientific name: Cycas media), also known as Australian Phoenix pine, belongs to the cycads family, native to the east coast of Queensland, Australia.