Culture environment, temperature and humidity of tulips

Culture environment:

Tulip likes direct sunlight, can withstand semi-shade, semi-shade environment or insufficient light, fresh leaf color, thinning, tall and weak, easy to break above the ground. Like wet, not very tolerant of drought, especially in the growth to flowering stage, -once the water supply is insufficient, the tip of the leaf is withered, the flower bud cannot open normally, and the petals are withered. Water in the soil or long-term water content is too large, plant roots can not breathe normally caused by rotten roots. Like warm, not high temperature, cold, the most suitable growth temperature of 15-18 degrees Celsius, in 5- 20 degrees Celsius environment can grow well, 25 degrees Celsius above slow growth, gradually enter dormancy. Resistance to-35 degrees Celsius low temperature. Good ventilation, poor ventilation, poor growth, and easy to suffer from pests. Like fertile, loose, rich in humus, good drainage sandy loam, in high density soil, poor soil growth.

Lighting:

The growth of all things depends on the sun, and the growth, development, flowering and fruiting of any higher plant are inseparable from light. Sunlight shining through the atmosphere on the ground will produce two effects, one is the thermal effect, and the other is the light effect. The intensity of solar light varies with different seasons and with the change of solar incident angle, the projection angle is high in the morning and evening, the light is weak and the temperature is low; at noon, the projection angle is low, the light is strong, and the temperature becomes higher. In the process of growth, tulips receive good light during the day for photosynthesis, produce the nutrients needed by the whole plant, and transport them to the desired parts through water. The stronger the light is, the stronger the photosynthesis is, the more nutrients are produced, the weaker the light is, the weaker the photosynthesis is, the less nutrients are produced. The cultivation method of tulips picture of how tulips grow tulips

The scientific name of tulip (Tulipa) is a bulbous herb of the genus Tulip of Liliaceae and is the national flower of the Netherlands.

Tulips are beautiful flowers dotted with spring scenery, which can add a beautiful movement to the hundred flowers in spring. The bulbs of tulips contain a lot of starch and are said to be edible. Tulips can be divided into single and double flowers. Double like peony, single like wine glass. There are many colors, such as bright red, pink, purple and black, white, yellow and orange and so on.

Propagation requirements of Tulip Flower

Bulb separation is the main method of bulblet reproduction. Small balls were planted from September to October in autumn. The mother ball is annual, that is, it is renewed every year. After anthesis, the mother ball develops into 1-3 new bulbs and 2-6 small balls that can blossom in the next year.

A new bulb and several bulbs are produced in the scale leaves of the mother bulb. the number of bulbs varies with different varieties and is also related to the cultivation conditions. The dormant bulbs were dug up in the first ten days of June, removed mud and stored in dry, ventilated and 20: 22 ℃ temperature conditions, which was beneficial to bulb flower bud differentiation.

The bulbs isolated from the bulbs were stored in a ventilated place of 5: 10 ℃ and planted from September to October in autumn. Sufficient rotten leaf soil and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer. Cover the soil with 5cm and 7cm after planting the ball.

Sow seeds in the open field in autumn with a depth of 1 to 1.5 cm. It varies from variety to variety, and the cultivation conditions are also related. It can sprout the following spring and blossom in four to five years. The expansion of new balls and bulbs is often completed within one month after flowering.

Key points of cultivation of Tulip

Land planting requires sandy soil with good drainage, pH6.6~7, deep ploughing and soil preparation, with rotten cow dung and rotten leaf soil as basic fertilizer, and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for border planting, with a depth of 10 cm to 12 cm. Topdressing is generally carried out after seedling emergence, bud formation and after flowering.

The bulb takes root in winter and topdressing twice before flowering in spring. It blossomed from the end of March to the beginning of April, and the aboveground leaves were yellow and dormant at the beginning of June. In the process of growth, it is generally not necessary to water, just keep the soil moist, and water properly in case of drought. The key points of cultivation and management are basically the same as those of hyacinth, except that the varieties of tulips are easy to be hybridized and should be planted in isolation. Tulip bulbs contain much starch and are easy to be eaten by rats during storage, so attention should be paid to collection.

Tulip is a bulb plant, it needs to go through a certain stage of low temperature, and after the full growth of the flower stem can blossom normally.

The general cultivation method is the cultivation method in which the tulip bulb is not supercooled.

One. before cultivating tulips, make a complete production plan, including selecting the planting site, how to prepare tulip bulb production equipment, and potted plants have to prepare potted soil and containers.

Tulip bulbs should be planted in deep, fertile sandy soil, its root growth is the most avoid stagnant water, the selected terrain must be well drained. Planting border, the width of the border is generally 30 cm deep, and the trench should be deeper where the terrain is flat. If the soil planted in the first year is sticky, two cubic peat and 5 kg compound fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer for soil improvement every 100 square meters. It is not suitable for continuous cropping of tulips, and it is best not to plant tulips on land that has been planted in the previous year or two. One month before planting tulips, the land should be deeply exposed to the sun to eliminate germ spores and weeds. Then choose sunny weather, irrigate the soil with 40% formalin 100 times solution (depth of more than 10 cm) and cover the soil with thin film for about a week. After uncovering the film, fine the soil and prepare it for planting.

2. Planting in sunny drained sandy soil, planting can be considered when the soil temperature is stable below 12 ℃. After deep ploughing, it is appropriate to apply rotten cow manure and other phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (7 ~ 10 grams of phosphorus pentoxide per square meter and 1.3 grams of potassium oxide per square meter) into the soil at a depth of about 2 times the height of the bulb and 2 / 3 times the transverse diameter of the bulb. after covering the soil, it is no longer watering, but should be covered with millet grass to improve soil moisture and prevent soil consolidation. Just before the bud unearthed, apply a thin nitrogen fertilizer; after budding, increase the fertilizer concentration (10% fertilizer 90% water). Generally do not water during the growth period, as long as keep the soil moist, if the weather is dry, it can be watered for 1 to 2 times (the wetting depth is about 15 cm). As a cut flower, it should be cut when the bud changes color completely, and the viewing period of the vase is about 10 days.

The bulbs should be disinfected before planting, soaked in potassium permanganate solution or formalin solution for 30 minutes, dried and planted. The density of productive planting can be controlled at 12 × 12 cm or 13 × 12 cm, which varies slightly according to different varieties. Generally speaking, the leaves are erect, and the varieties with short plants can be closely planted properly.

If it is an exhibition planting, it can be put to 20-25 cm, and the planting depth is 4-5 cm from the top of the seed bulb. Water once after cultivation to prevent drying and dehydration. Tulips are mostly ornamental in pots, used as ground cover plants and for medicinal purposes.

Key points for the conservation of tulips

Tulip has strong cold tolerance, can withstand the low temperature of-35 ℃ in winter, and can grow normally at 5 ℃ ~ 8 ℃, so it is suitable for promoting cultivation in winter.

The promotion of tulip cultivation is to break the dormancy of flower primordium and leaf primordium, eliminate the factors that inhibit flower bud germination, promote flower bud differentiation, and then make tulips blossom in unnatural flowering period by means of artificial temperature increase and light supplement. Now there are 5 ℃ bulbs and 9 ℃ bulbs that are common on the market. We generally choose 5 ℃ bulbs for Spring Festival flowering to promote cultivation.

Substrate preparation of Tulip

First of all, high-quality matrix should be prepared, which requires both water retention and air permeability, salinity should not be too high, nor too sour, pH value should not be less than 6, free of diseases and insect pests and harmful substances. The bulb should be firmly planted in a cultivation bed deep enough (at least deep 125px). In recent years, we used the mixture of peat, mature soil and sand with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 as cultivation medium, and the effect was better. About half a month before planting, mature farm manure was applied to the bed soil as base fertilizer, and appropriate amount of carbofuran and carbendazim were added (or covered with 1% formalin for disinfection), fully irrigated, and carefully ploughed and raked before planting to ensure that the soil was loose.

The planting method of Tulip

Due to the high temperature in the greenhouse, tulips will occur late vernalization, and will reduce the effect of low temperature treatment to promote cultivation. Therefore, it is better to plant early than late, usually about two months before the Spring Festival, about the first and middle of November. Remove the brown bulb before planting and soak in 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for about two hours. The row spacing of the plant is 9 × 250px, and the top of the bulb is flat or slightly lower than the soil surface when planted. Proper shallow planting can lead to early flowering. Sometimes the tulip bulb can blossom more than 5 days earlier if the bulb is exposed to the soil. After planting, it was watered thoroughly to promote its rooting.

Cultivation and management of tulips

Usually after a week of temperature, the seed ball begins to sprout. In the pre-seedling and seedling stage, the indoor temperature should be kept at 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ in the daytime. If the temperature is too high, it should be ventilated and cooled at night, not less than 6 ℃ at night, so as to promote early rooting, strong roots and strong seedlings. If the temperature is too high at this time, the plant stem will be weak and the flower quality will be poor. After more than 20 days, when the plant has grown two leaves, it should be warmed up in time to promote the bud to break away from the bracts in time. The indoor temperature should be kept at 18 ℃-25 ℃ during the day and above 10 ℃ at night. Generally, after more than 20 days, the Corolla begins to color. The first flower blooms from late December to early January, and it takes 10 to 15 days to bloom. At this time, it should be placed in batches according to the time needed. The higher the temperature, the earlier the flower will bloom. In general, after the Corolla is completely colored, the plant should be placed in an environment of 10 ℃ for sale.

The Illumination points of Tulip

Sufficient light is necessary for the growth of tulips. Insufficient light will cause poor plant growth, cause sprouting, plant weakness, lighter leaf color and shorter flowering period. But tulips on the pot after more than half a month, should be properly shaded, in order to facilitate the growth of new roots. In addition, during germination, the elongation of flower buds is inhibited by light. Shading can promote the elongation of flower buds and prevent the early vegetative growth from growing too fast. After emergence, light should be increased to promote plant jointing, form buds and promote coloring. After the buds are fully colored in the later stage, direct sunlight should be prevented and the flowering time should be prolonged.

Fertilization law of tulip

Because the substrate is rich in organic fertilizer, there is no topdressing during the growth period, but if the leaf color becomes lighter or the plant growth is not strong enough due to insufficient nitrogen, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer that can be easily absorbed, such as urea, ammonium nitrate, etc., is not large, otherwise it will cause excessive growth. it even affects the absorption of iron by the plant and causes iron deficiency (when the new leaves and flower buds are yellowed, but the old leaves are normal), the effect of topdressing liquid fertilizer during the growth period is significant. Generally, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 2 ‰ ~ 3 ‰ is sprayed every 10 days from budding to flowering, so as to promote the flower to be bright and colorful, and the flower stem to be firm and erect.

Moisture requirement of tulip

Water should be watered thoroughly after planting, so that the soil and bulbs can be fully and closely combined to facilitate rooting, and water should be properly controlled after budding, when the leaves are gradually elongated, water can be sprayed on the leaves to increase air humidity, and sufficient water supply should be ensured at bolting and budding stages. to promote the full development of flowers, after flowering, appropriate water control.

Causes of tulip diseases

The pathogens of tulip diseases and insect pests can be carried by the seed ball or by the soil, which mostly occur in the environment of high temperature and high humidity. the main diseases are stem rot, soft rot, broken color disease, quenching disease, blind bud and so on.

Methods of controlling diseases and insect pests of tulips

Adequate soil disinfection should be carried out before planting, virus-free bulbs should be selected as far as possible, diseased plants should be dug up and destroyed in time, and fungicides should be poured once or twice in the growth process of the greenhouse, the effect is better; good ventilation should be maintained to prevent high temperature and humidity; when aphids occur, 3% natural pyrethrum can be sprayed 800 times.

Other key points of tulip culture

1. Potted tulips are managed directly on the pot, due to different bulb quality, resulting in uneven growth and flowering, affecting its commodity quality. Therefore, it is best to plant in the interior of the greenhouse, after the Corolla coloring on the pot management, does not affect its flowering quality, the effect is better.

2. among the flowers and colors, red blossoms the earliest and yellow the latest, about 10 days apart. In cultivation, the planting time should be staggered properly to ensure that it blossoms at the same time.

Regulation of flowering period of Tulip

Tulip has the characteristics of cold resistance and heat resistance, generally can withstand the low temperature of-30 ℃, in the hot season will turn to dormancy. Usually like humid, cool climate and leeward to sunny environment, grow better in neutral or slightly acidic soil. A mature tulip bulb contains three generations of bulbs, or third-generation bulbs. The large bulb itself is the first generation of bulb, which has fully differentiated floral organs and blossoms in the same year after planting. The second and third generation seed balls are seed balls, and they can be cultivated into large seed balls.

The tulip bulb can blossom only after a certain low temperature. In the country of origin, there is generally sufficient low temperature time in winter, and the tulip bulb can get enough low temperature treatment time to blossom naturally in spring. Generally speaking, the tulip bulbs used in production were treated with 5 ℃ and 9 ℃, and the main planting methods after treatment were greenhouse cultivation and box accelerated cultivation.

The cultivation of tulips in southern China and other southern regions is limited by temperature and is planted within three months from December to February of the following year. The temperature in South China may still be high in December, so tulips can be cultivated in a cultivation box and placed in about 5 ℃ cold storage for 2 to 3 weeks. When the tulip bulbs have taken root and the buds are about 1 cm to 2 cm long, they can be removed from the cold storage and placed in the planting shed to grow.

The cultivation of tulips in South China is greatly affected by climate, and tulips are sensitive to temperature. if there is a "warm winter" weather in South China, a large number of tulips will blossom ahead of time, and the quality of flowers will also be greatly affected. In order to ensure that tulips can blossom on time, the daytime temperature should be kept at 17 ℃-20 ℃ and the night temperature should be kept at 10 ℃-12 ℃. When the temperature is high, the temperature can be reduced by shading and ventilation, and when the temperature is too low, the growth can be promoted by heating and increasing light. Using water control to inhibit growth, there will be a "dried flower" phenomenon. If the high temperature continues, the box can be moved into the cold storage, pay attention to the cold storage temperature should be about 8 ℃-10 ℃, and it is best to move in when the flower stem is long, otherwise it is easy to cause flower bud dysplasia. The florescence control of tulips can also be regulated by plant growth hormone. If soak the tulip bulb with gibberellin, make it blossom in the greenhouse, and can increase the diameter of the flower.

Matters needing attention in tulip culture

(1) the flowers of tulips contain certain alkaline substances. Therefore, you should wash your hands in time after touching the flowers of tulips, and do not touch the scalp when you do not wash your hands; otherwise, it is easy to cause hair loss.

(2) bulb rot often occurs in cultivated tulips. The main reason is that the exhumed bulbs are not dried and attached with soil with bacteria, and are suitable for the spread of bacteria during storage, resulting in mildew and mildew of the bulbs.

During cultivation, the soil with bacteria (mostly Fusarium) and fertilizer that are not fully mature are harmed by bacteria, resulting in bulb rot; basin soil is clayey soil, coupled with too much watering, resulting in soil stagnant water, causing bulb to suffer waterlogging and rot; the time of digging bulbs is too early, the growth of new bulbs is not substantial, and it is also easy to cause rot. In order to prevent the decay of bulbs, corresponding measures should be taken according to the above pathogenic factors.

(3) during the growth and development of tulips, nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied, but phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied. Improper fertilization will lead to the degradation of seed bulbs.

(4) if tulips are planted on the same land for many years, the tulip bulbs will be degraded.

Because continuous cropping will cause insufficient supply of some nutrient elements and affect the growth and development of bulbs, and bacteria in the soil will infect new plants under suitable conditions, causing diseases such as blight and Botrytis cinerea. Bulb damage causes plant dwarfing, leaf decay, flower deformation or wilting.

Therefore, please bear in mind that continuous cropping is not allowed in tulip cultivation. The soil should be planted for two consecutive years at most, and the potted plants should be changed once a year for tulips.

How to raise potted tulips, tulip culture methods and precautions / light should be sufficient.

Speaking of tulips, you must have heard that it is a very famous flower, especially the golden tulip, which has a noble meaning. In life, keeping a pot of tulips at home is definitely a good choice, so how to raise tulips? In addition to the necessary soil, watering, etc., lighting is something we must pay attention to. Here are the cultivation methods and precautions of tulips. Friends who want to raise them should not miss them.

First, how to raise potted tulips with enough light

Compared with other flowers, noble tulips are more important to the environment, so it is not easy to raise them indoors. However, as long as you know its customs, it is not difficult to raise tulips. Potted tulips how to raise, in the soil, light, watering and other aspects need to pay attention to, the following is the tulip culture methods and points for attention, we continue to look at.

2. Culture methods and matters needing attention of tulips

1. Soil with good drainage

With regard to the cultivation methods and matters needing attention of tulips, the first thing to say is the soil, after all, soil is the foundation of potted plants. It is understood that tulips like slightly acidic soil that is fertile and loose, good drainage, water retention and breathability. In this regard, the editor recommends that the flower friends choose the soil made of peat, mature soil and sand mixed with 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1, which has a better effect.

Note: avoid alkaline soil and viscous soil; in addition, the soil used in tulips should be sterilized, which can be sprayed with 50 times of 40% formalin.

2. Sunshine should be sufficient

Tulips like light, so in the cultivation methods and matters needing attention of tulips, flower friends should ensure that tulips have enough light. If the light is not enough, it will cause poor plant growth, resulting in most of the temperature, such as weakening of plants, falling buds, lighter leaves and shortening of flowering period.

Note: although tulips like the light, they should be properly shaded in the first half of the month after potting, so that they can grow balls and send new roots. In addition, when sprouting, appropriate shading to prevent excessive growth; increase light after emergence; after the buds are fully colored in the later stage, direct sunlight should be prevented and flowering time should be prolonged.

3. Watering, neither dry nor wet

Watering is indispensable when raising flowers indoors. Before planting tulips, it is necessary to adjust the soil moisture, do not dry or wet, and maintain a certain degree of humidity. After teething, properly control the water, wait for the leaf to elongate gradually, and spray water on the leaf surface. At bolting stage and budding stage, the amount of water should be increased to promote the full development of flowers, and the water should be controlled properly after flowering.

Note: during the growing period of tulips, flower lovers had better not water it, just keep the soil moist. When the weather is dry, it can be properly watered for 1 to 2 times, and the wetting depth can reach 15cm.

4. Fertilizing and topdressing for 2-3 times

In the cultivation methods and precautions of tulips, fertilization can not be ignored. It is understood that tulips do not have high requirements for fertilizer, but if they want to grow well, it is necessary to apply some nitrogen fertilizer properly. When the root system is well developed, 2 kg of calcium nitrate is applied every 100 square meters, spread in three times, each time at an interval of more than one week.

Note: tulips are sensitive to fertilizer, so in early spring, from stem and leaf extension to budding, flower friends only need to fertilize 2 or 3 times.

5. Temperature, 9-13 ℃

How to raise tulips, temperature is also very important. It is understood that tulips like warm winters and cool summers, and the best growth temperature is 9-13 ℃, so in order to make tulips grow fast, it is best to keep them at this temperature. It is worth mentioning that tulips have strong cold tolerance and can withstand the low temperature of-35 ℃ in winter.

Note: tulips avoid high temperature. Flowers tend to decay if the temperature is too high. Under cool and cold conditions, tulips are not only colorful, but also have a long flowering period, so in terms of temperature, flower friends should not be careless.

6. Pest control

How to raise potted tulips, pest control is particularly important. In the process of tulip growth, the main diseases are stem rot, soft rot, broken color disease, quenching disease, blind bud and so on, and most of the pests are aphids.

Note: in order to prevent the invasion of diseases and insect pests, flower friends should disinfect the soil before planting tulips; in addition, they should also maintain good ventilation to prevent high temperature and humidity. As for the prevention and control of tulip diseases and insect pests, there is a special introduction, so I won't say much here.