How to raise Guangdong evergreen

Some netizens have asked how to raise evergreen and Guangdong evergreen? Below, the author will tell you the maintenance methods of evergreen flowers and leaves. Evergreen flowers and leaves are native to South America and Brazil. Like warm, moist and semi-overcast environment. Not resistant to cold, afraid of drought, avoid strong light exposure.

The optimum temperature for the growth of evergreen is 2530 degrees Celsius, 30 degrees Celsius during the day and 25 degrees Celsius at night. The growth range is 18-30 degrees Celsius from February to September and 13-18 degrees Celsius from September to February of the following year.

The flowers and leaves are wet and dry, and the basin soil should be kept moist, fully watered during the growing period, and sprayed around and sprayed to the plant. If you do not spray water for a long time, the leaf surface will be rough and lose its luster. Maintain air humidity of 60% to 70% in summer and about 40% in winter. The most suitable soil moisture is dry and wet, which should be watered more in summer and controlled in winter, otherwise the basin soil is too wet, the roots are easy to rot, and the leaves turn yellow and wither.

Flowers and leaves evergreen (scientific name: DieffenbachiapictaLodd.), also known as Dai Fan Ye, Araceae flowers and leaves evergreen plants. There are about 30 native species of the genus, mainly distributed in tropical America. It was introduced into England in the 1860s and soon spread throughout Europe, America and Oceania. It is widely cultivated all over the world, and there are many varieties, which have entered thousands of households.

The stem is 1 m high, 1.5-2.5 cm thick, and the Internode is 2-4 cm long; the lower petiole is long sheathed, the middle petiole is sheathed in the middle, the upper petiole is long, the sheath is almost to the top, and there are broad grooves. Leaf blade oblong, oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 15-30 cm long and 7-12 cm wide, base rounded or acute, apex slightly narrowly acute, both surfaces dark green, shiny, with many oblong or linear oblong plaques of different sizes between veins, plaques white or yellowish green, irregular; I-grade lateral veins 15-20 pairs, elevated, II lateral veins slender, elevated abaxially. Inflorescence stalk short. Buddha flame bracts oblong-lanceolate, narrow, cuspidate. Fleshy inflorescences: lower female inflorescences reaching middle; sterile neutral inflorescences accounting for 1 × 3, scattered flowers; ovary carpels 2 or 3, stigmas nearly separated. Berries orange-yellow-green

Families and genera: Araceae (Araceae). This species is a poisonous plant listed in the Chinese plant atlas database. Its toxicity is that the whole plant is poisonous, the stem is the most toxic, followed by petioles and leaves. This plant is the most poisonous plant in Araceae, and its juice causes itching and dermatitis when it comes into contact with the skin; swallowing a small stem causes extreme tingling in the mouth and throat and paralysis of the vocal cords, so it is called "dumb stick" [37]; there are also burns, edema and massive salivation on the epidermis of the lip and tongue, affecting swallowing and breathing. Symptoms can last for a few days or more than a week. Severe swelling of the mouth and tongue can cause asphyxiation. Sometimes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea occur. In guinea pigs, the LD50 of stem juice was 600-900mg/kg, petiole juice was more than 1440mg / kg, and LD50 of stem juice was 1000mg/kg after intraperitoneal injection, which was non-toxic during intragastric administration. The symptoms of poisoning in animals are similar to those in humans. Oral administration of its juice or extract has salivation, tears, tongue edema, slow pulse, dyspnea and asphyxia due to glottic swelling. Occasionally have tonic spasms and eventually die. Conjunctivitis and keratitis were caused by dripping juice in human and rabbit eyes, and edema, vascular congestion, basement membrane degeneration and inflammatory reaction were observed in translingual histological observation, which may be related to the release of histamine [38]. The leaves of the plant are baked on the fire or externally applied with juice into ointment, which can drain and reduce swelling. The newly pressed juice of evergreen leaves can lead to infertility, but has no special effect on sexual organs.

Morphology: perennial shrubby erect herbs. The stem is stout green. The long oval leaves are mostly concentrated at the top of the stem, the leaf shape is very large, and the green leaves are mixed with white or golden irregular patches, which are very different from other plants and have high ornamental value. Inflorescences of fleshy spikes arising from axils of stem ends and leaves, rarely flowering.

Decorative application: young plants, small potted plants, can be placed on the desk, windowsill to watch. Medium-sized potted plants can be placed in the corner of the living room and the edge of the sofa as decoration, making the room full of natural vitality.

Light: resistant to semi-shade, avoid excessive sunlight, but the light is too dark, it will also cause the leaves to fade.

Water: like wet water, more watering should be done during the growth period from March to August. It is necessary to sprinkle water frequently in summer to increase environmental humidity.

Temperature: like high temperature, not cold-resistant, the suitable temperature for growth is 20ml / 30℃. The lowest overwintering temperature is above 12 ℃. Once frozen, the leaves will wilt and the terminal buds will die.

Fertilizer: during the growing period, nitrogen fertilizer was applied every month to promote its rapid growth, and fertilizer and water were applied every two weeks from March to August. Reduce fertilization after autumn.

Soil: soil that requires loose, fertile and well-drained soil.

Propagation: cuttage propagation. It can be carried out in spring and summer. Take 10 Mel 15 cm long twigs, insert them into the yellow sand medium, take root in 20 mi 30 days, and then change them into a new pot depending on the size of the plant.

Flowers and leaves evergreen (Dieffenbachia), also known as Daifen leaves, Araceae flowers and leaves evergreen plants. There are about 30 native species of this genus, mainly distributed in tropical America. It was introduced into England in the 1860s and soon spread throughout Europe, America and Oceania. Up to now, it has been widely cultivated all over the world, and there are many varieties, which have entered thousands of households. At present, Hermet International Company, Eagle Trading Company, Augsby Plant Experimental Center in the United States, Henk Bram Company and Men Fan Wen Company in the Netherlands, Benzer Nursery in Israel, Carmel Company and Burbank Biotechnology Company in Australia are all famous companies in the world for producing evergreen flowers and leaves, and many excellent varieties come from these companies. These companies form integration and industrialization in breeding new varieties, breeding, production and trade, and occupy a large share in the production of evergreen flowers and leaves in the world.

The cultivation time of evergreen is not long in our country. Although it was introduced in the 1950s, large-scale production did not begin until after the 1980s. Up to now, evergreen flowers and leaves can be seen everywhere in the city, and the popularization rate is still increasing.

The leaves of evergreen leaves are broad and yellowish green, with white or yellow-white dense irregular spots, and some golden yellow with green edges, bright and strong color, beautiful and elegant, and high ornamental value. it is one of the most respected indoor foliage plants at present. suitable for potted ornamental, decorated living room, study is very comfortable and elegant. With it in public places with low luminosity, evergreen flowers and leaves still grow normally, with green leaves, luxuriant branches and full of vitality, which is especially suitable for configuration in modern buildings.

Evergreen is an evergreen shrubby herb with a stout succulent stem and a plant height of up to 1.5 meters. The leaf blade is large and shiny, born on the upper part of the stem, elliptic-ovoid or broadly lanceolate, apex acuminate, entire, 20ml 50cm long and 5Mel 15cm wide; broad leaf blade dark green on both sides, inlaid with dense, irregular white, milky white, yellowish and other colored spots, markings or patches; leaf sheath with petiole near the middle. The pedicel is drawn from the leaf tip, shorter than the petiole, the flower is unisexual, the inflorescence is oval, and the lower part is tube-shaped. There are many varieties of horticulture, and different varieties have different patterns on their leaves. The common cultivation in China are as follows:

Wang Dai powder leaf: the leaf surface has milky white patches and patches along the lateral veins.

Summer White Dai powder leaf: dark green in the center of the leaf surface, dark green in the leaf margin and main vein, with milky white patches and patches along the lateral veins.

Bai Yudai pink leaf: the central part of the leaf is all milky white, only the vein of the leaf margin is irregular silver.

[biological characteristics]

Evergreen flowers and leaves are native to South America and Brazil. Like warm, moist and semi-overcast environment. Not resistant to cold, afraid of drought, avoid strong light exposure. The evergreen can endure 14 days in the dark and can be stored and transported at 15 ℃ and 90% relative humidity.

[method of reproduction]

The conventional propagation of evergreen is commonly used in ramet and cuttage propagation, but mainly by cuttage. Sometimes sowing and propagation can be used, and tissue culture is often used in large-scale propagation.

(1) ramet propagation: ramet propagation can be carried out by using the sprouting tillers at the base, which is generally carried out in combination with changing pots in spring. During the operation, pull the plant out of the basin, cut off the rhizome at the base of the stem, apply plant ash to prevent decay, or put it for half a day, and then pot after the incision is dry, water thoroughly, and do not water too much after planting. The growth can be restored in about 10 days.

(2) Cuttage propagation: cutting is best in the high temperature period from July to August, cutting the top of the stem is 7cm, cutting off part of the leaves to reduce water evaporation, the incision is coated with plant ash or sulfur powder, inserted in the sand bed or bandaged with water moss to maintain high air humidity, placed in the semi-shade, sunshine about 50% 60%, at room temperature 24: 30 ℃, rooting 15-25 days after cutting, transplanting new buds on the stem segment after transplanting. The old base segment can also be cut into a stem segment with 3 nodes, which can be inserted directly into the soil or buried in the soil to induce rooting and budding.

The juice of evergreen leaves is poisonous, and its English name DUMB CANES means mute sugarcane, which means that its stem is poisonous. Accidental eating will make the tongue painful and unable to produce sound, so we should pay attention to it. During the cutting operation, do not make the juice touch the skin, but also pay attention not to touch the entrance, otherwise it will cause skin itching, pain or other toxic phenomena, wash hands with soap after operation.

[cultivation management]

(1) temperature: the optimum temperature for the growth of evergreen is 25: 30 ℃, 30 ℃ in daytime and 25 ℃ at night. The growth range is 18-30 ℃ from February to September and 13-18 ℃ from September to February of the following year. Because it is not cold-resistant, it will be moved into the greenhouse in mid-October. If the winter temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the leaves are vulnerable to freezing damage. Especially when the winter temperature is lower than 10 ℃, if the watering is too much, it will also cause defoliation and stem top fester. If the low temperature causes the defoliation of the plant, and the stem is not rotten, new leaves can still grow after the temperature rises.

(2) moisture: evergreen flowers and leaves like to be wet and afraid of dryness, and the basin soil should be kept moist, fully watered during the growing period, and sprayed around and sprayed to the plant. If you do not spray water for a long time, the leaf surface will be rough and lose its luster. Maintain air humidity of 60% to 70% in summer and about 40% in winter. The most suitable soil moisture is dry and wet, which should be watered more in summer and controlled in winter, otherwise the basin soil is too wet, the roots are easy to rot, and the leaves turn yellow and wither. For indoor viewing, the leaves should be scrubbed with a soft cloth to keep the leaves clean and bright.

(3) Light: evergreen flowers and leaves are shady and afraid of the sun. When the light is too strong, the leaf surface becomes rough, the leaf edge and tip are easy to scorch, and even burn in a large area. If the light is too weak, the color of the yellow-white patch will turn green or fade, and the bright scattered light will grow best, and the leaf color will be bright and more beautiful. About 40% of Rizhao and 60% of Rizhao are ideal for childbearing. In addition to the sun can be seen in the morning and evening, the spring and autumn should be shaded around noon and in summer. Varieties with more green leaves are more shady and cold-tolerant, so the more milky markings, the more lack of chlorophyll, we should pay special attention to bright light, and pay special attention to heat preservation at low temperature.

(4) cultivation substrate: the cultivated soil of evergreen should be rich in organic matter, which is fertile, loose and well drained. Pot soil mixed with rotten leaf soil and coarse sand, how to mix 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of sawdust or peat, and 1 part of sand. Potted plants are often used in pots of 15cm to 20cm. After growing for 1-2 years, there are more tillers at the base of potted plants, which can be combined with changing pots for split propagation. If the plant grows taller, the shoot can be cut off by leaving the basal 2-3 nodes, and the remaining stem nodes can still sprout and branch and maintain a better plant shape.

(5) fertilization: the period of vigorous growth is from June to September, cake fertilizer and water is applied once every 10 days, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied twice after autumn. The application of nitrogen fertilizer every two months from spring to autumn could promote the glossy leaf color. If the room temperature is below 15 ℃, the fertilizer will be stopped.

(6) pest control: there are mainly bacterial leaf spot, brown spot and anthracnose, which can be sprayed with 500 times of carbendazim wettable powder. Sometimes root rot and stem rot harm occur, in addition to pay attention to ventilation and reduce humidity, you can use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid spray control.

[drug name]: Huaye evergreen

[Laiyuan]: it is the whole grass of evergreen flowers and leaves of Araceae plants.

[effect]: clearing heat and detoxification.

[main treatment]: for fall injury, broken muscle fracture, gold injury, flash sprain, sore, erysipelas, carbuncle and other diseases.

[classics of nature and taste]: bitter, cold. Enter the Heart Sutra.

[usage]: oral administration: fried soup, 3-10 grams. External use: apply proper amount to the affected area, especially fresh products.

[distribution of animal and plant resources]: introduced and cultivated in South America, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong and Guangxi.

[Latin]: Dieffenbachia picta (lodd) Sohote

[examination]: it was first published in Guangzhou Flora.