Ecological characteristics of late fragrant jade

Evening Xiangyu likes a sunny and warm and humid climate, and is not resistant to cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 25-30 degrees Celsius. If it is lower than-10 degrees Celsius in winter, the bulbs will freeze and rot. It has a wide range of adaptation to soil and is more resistant to salt and alkali. But in the fertile, loose, well-drained neutral or slightly acidic soil, the growth and development is better. The evening fragrant jade cultivated in most parts of China will wither after Frosts Descent in autumn, the corms can be dug and put indoors to survive the winter, and the underground corms left in the soil can survive the winter safely with a little cover.

The late fragrant jade mainly divides the ball to propagate, also can use the sowing to reproduce. Ball division propagation is to dig out the mother ball after the aboveground withered in autumn, go out to shrink the old ball, and divide it into 10-25 balls. After drying, store in the indoor ventilated and dry place, or hang it in the ventilated and dry place in a gauze bag. Keep the room temperature around 8 degrees Celsius. In April of last year, take out the stored bulbs and plant them in places with plenty of sunshine, warmth, fertile soil, strong water and fertilizer conservation and good drainage. The soil is fertilized with base fertilizer, and the box is similar to that of daffodils. Soak the ball in cold water at 2530 degrees Celsius for 1 day before planting. When planting, the row spacing of the big ball is 20 cm * 25 cm 30 cm and the small ball is 10 cm * 15 cm. The depth of sowing should be slightly shallower than that of other bulbs, and a large ball should be slightly exposed to the surface of the soil, and the ball should be below or in line with the soil surface. If you specialize in the production of seed balls, you can carry them deeper.

After the leaf comes out, it must be drenched for a time, loosen the soil after a little dry, and then control the fertilizer and water squatting seedlings. Give sufficient fertilizer and water when pumping, from the beginning of pumping to the end of collecting bulbs, following every other half a month, thin fertilizer and water with phosphorus and potassium rotten cake fertilizer, watering after fertilization, and loosening the soil after slightly drying. After the flowers fade, we will continue to strengthen fertilizer and water management and promote the growth of new balls.

If potted, with fertile, loose, good drainage, water and fertilizer conservation of strong culture soil, in March to April to plant bulbs in the pot. The management method is the same as the ground load. If you want to promote cultivation, you can plant the bulb in the pot at the end of October or the first ten days of November, and then put it in the room at 25 degrees Celsius, or culture the pot in a wet cabinet, keep the bottom temperature at 18 degrees Celsius, and blossom ahead of time from March to May.

There are few diseases and insect pests in late Xiangyu, mainly root nodule nematode and gray microdisease. Root nodule nematodes were controlled with 1% butyl plus Baofu powder or 24% diclofenac solution. The gray micro-disease was sprayed with 1000 shellfish solution of 50% Yifaling wettable powder. Apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Is the evening jade poisonous?

Evening fragrant jade is toxic, evening fragrant jade is not suitable for planting indoors, its flower fragrance is harmful to the human body, this smell is very disadvantageous to the human body, because the fragrance of evening fragrant jade will make patients with hypertension feel uncomfortable and have symptoms of dizziness and chest tightness. If the evening fragrant jade is placed indoors for a long time, it will cause cough, dizziness, even asthma, insomnia and so on. It is suggested that evening fragrant jade should not be planted indoors, but can be planted as outdoor bonsai.

The above editor has told you whether the evening fragrant jade is toxic, so what about its ecological habits? Let's give you a brief introduction.

Ecological habits of late fragrant jade

The evening fragrant jade is native to the tropical regions of Asia. It likes warm, moist and sunny places, with a suitable temperature of 25 ℃, a critical temperature of 2 ℃ at night and a daytime temperature of 14 ℃. If the temperature is suitable, it grows all the year round and blossoms most vigorously in summer.

There is no great requirement for soil quality, and clayey loam is the most suitable; but there are requirements for soil moisture, generally like fertile, moist but non-stagnant soil.

In daily life, many families like to plant flowers indoors, and many people like to plant potted jade indoors, because evening jade will emit a stronger fragrance at night, whether it is toxic or not, and whether it is suitable for planting indoors. I have already explained to you that evening fragrant jade is poisonous and not suitable for indoor planting, so for our health. It is recommended that you do not choose to plant evening jade indoors, if there is a courtyard, you can plant it in the courtyard!

How to raise Evening Xiangyu Culture method of Evening Xiangyu

Because of its strong fragrance, slender stems and soft lines, evening fragrant jade is the main flower arrangement in bouquets, flower arrangement and other applications, so its cultivation value is also very high. But many people don't know how to raise the evening fragrant jade. Today, the editor will tell you more about it.

Introduction of Evening Xiangyu

Evening fragrant jade (scientific name: Polianthes tuberosa), alias night incense or moon incense, is a perennial bulbous flowering plant of the genus Amaryllidaceae (or tequila). Perennial herbs, rhizomatous tufts; linear leaves clustered, apex pointed; longer flower stems, upper racemes, white flowers in summer and autumn, strong fragrance, more fragrant at night. The evening jade flower blossoms at night. In eastern India, it is called "Ratkirani", which means "queen of the night".

The florescence of open field planting is usually from early July to early November, while the full flowering period is from August to September, which is a summer cut flower species. Because of its strong fragrance, slender stem, soft lines, easy planting and florescence regulation, it is one of the very important cut flowers and the main flower arrangement in bouquet and flower arrangement. Because of its strong fragrance, slender stem, soft lines, easy planting and florescence regulation, it is one of the very important cut flowers and the main flower arrangement in bouquet and flower arrangement.

1. Morphological characteristics

Evening fragrant jade, also known as night incense, moon incense. Belongs to Amaryllidaceae winter dormant bulb plant, perennial bulb flowers. About 80 cm high, bulb bulb tuberous (the upper part is bulbous, the lower half is tuberous). The spike-shaped bouquet is terminal, with 12-32 flowers per panicle, white funnel-shaped flowers with strong fragrance, more fragrant at night, hence the name. The florescence of open field planting is usually from early July to early November, while the full flowering period is from August to September, which is a summer cut flower species. About 80 cm tall, leaves basal, lanceolate, base slightly reddish, cauline leaves short. Spikes, with pairs of 12-18 flowers, blooming one after another from the bottom up, white flowers, funnel-shaped, fragrant, thicker at night, hence the name Yilaixiang. Scape erect, 40m tall; flowers opposite and white, arranged in long spikes, with strong fragrance, stronger aroma at night; perianth tube slender, lobes 6, shorter than perianth tube; double varieties, light scent, florescence from July to October. The fruit is a capsule, late fragrant jade self-pollination, but because the pistil maturity is later than the stamen, so the natural seed setting rate is very low, generally not fruiting under cultivation. Open from May to November. Capsule. There are two kinds of cultivated varieties: White flower and lavender: most of the white flowers are single with strong fragrance, and most of the lavender flowers are double, with about 40 flowers per inflorescence.

Dormant bulbous plants in winter, evergreen in origin, bulbous bulbous (bulbous in the upper part and tuberous in the lower half).

2. Ecological habits

The late fragrant jade is native to South America and is an evergreen herb in its place of origin. When the temperature is suitable, it grows all the year round and blossoms in four seasons, but it is the most popular in summer. When cultivated in open field in China, it can only be used for spring planting bulb cultivation because of the cold winter in most areas: sprouting in spring, flowering in summer and autumn, and winter dormancy (forced dormancy). Sexual preference for warm, humid, sunny environment, not resistant to frost, the most suitable growth temperature, 25 ℃ during the day, 20 ℃ at night. Good fat likes dampness but avoids waterlogging, and grows well in low humidity without stagnant water. The requirement of soil is not strict, and it is suitable to use fertile clay loam. Late fragrant jade self-pollination, but because the pistil maturity is later than the stamen, so the natural seed setting rate is very low. Flower bud differentiation takes place in the growth period of late spring and early summer, which requires a minimum temperature of about 20 ℃, but it is also related to the nutritional status of the sphere. With oblong tubers, borne on thick and short tubers. The flowers are white and fragrant, especially at night. Flowering in summer and autumn. There is a double seed. Flower bud differentiation takes place in the growth period of late spring and early summer, which requires a minimum temperature of about 20 ℃, but it is also related to the nutritional status of the sphere. Generally speaking, if the mass of the sphere is more than 11 grams, it can blossom in the same year, otherwise it will not blossom in the same year. The requirement of soil quality is not strict, clayey loam is suitable; it is sensitive to soil moisture and likes fertile, moist but non-stagnant soil. In times of drought, the leaves curl up and the buds wrinkle, making it difficult to open. The florescence control of late fragrant jade is relatively simple. The bulb root will be planted in a high-temperature greenhouse, maintain sufficient sunshine, ventilation, pay attention to maintenance and management, and blossom in more than 2 months. For example, it is planted in February and can bloom from May to June.

III. Classification of varieties

There are 12 species of late fragrant jade of the same genus, but only late fragrant jade is cultivated and used, and there are not many varieties, mainly as follows:

(1) Albino: a single variety formed by bud transformation, with pure white flowers.

(2) Dwarf pearl: dwarf variety

(3) Var.flore-pleno Hort: double flower variety

(4) Mexican early bloomi: single-petal, early-growing variety, blooming annually and flourishing in autumn

(5) Pearl: double variety, stem 75 cm-80 cm high, inflorescence short, flowers numerous and dense, Corolla short.

(6) Tall double: large flower double variety, flower stem long

(7) Variegale: the leaves are long and curved, with golden stripes.

IV. Distribution area

Originated from Mexico and South America, it was introduced and cultivated in China a long time ago, and now it is cultivated all over the country. Suitable for planting in a warm, sunny environment, more hardy.

The Culture method of Evening Xiangyu

The bulbs are usually planted from April to May, and the bulbs are replanted after 10-15 days of wet treatment at 25 ℃-30 ℃. Big and small balls and old balls that bloomed last year (commonly known as "old disabled") should be planted separately. The row spacing of large bulbs is 20 cm × 25 cm (or 30 cm), and that of small bulbs is 10 cm × 15 cm or denser; the planting depth should be slightly shallower than that of other bulbs, but it also varies according to the purpose of cultivation, soil properties and the size of bulbs. Usually "deep long ball, shallow scape", that is, deep planting is conducive to the growth and expansion of the sphere, shallow planting is conducive to flowering. Generally, it is appropriate to plant a big ball with the bud top slightly exposed to the ground, and when planting small balls and "remnants", the bud top should be lower than or flush with the soil surface. The emergence of late fragrant jade is slow, which takes more than one month, but it grows faster after emergence. Therefore, in the early stage of planting, due to small seedlings and few leaves, there is no need to irrigate too much; when the flowering stem is about to be drawn out and in the early stage of flowering, we should fully irrigate and often keep the soil moist. Late fragrant jade likes fertilizer, should often apply topdressing: generally apply once after one month of planting, once before flowering, and then every one and a half or two months, pay attention to drainage and flower stem lodging in the rainy season. Dig out the bulb root before frost at the end of autumn, dry it slightly, remove the soil and fibrous root, and cut off a thin layer at the bottom of the ball to reveal white; continue to dry, and then braid the remaining leaves and hang them in a warm and dry place for storage for the winter. Or use the method of stove baking, hang the bulb root in the room and put the stove below to bake it. The initial room temperature was kept at 25 ℃-26 ℃, the moisture in the sphere was gradually reduced to the dry wrinkle of the outer skin, and the temperature decreased to 15 ℃-20 ℃ until it came out of the house in the next spring. After baking, the sphere can be fully dried, thus forcing it to dormancy completely, which is beneficial to the growth and flower bud differentiation after planting in the next spring. There are also bulbs that are dried and stacked in a dry sunny cellar, covered with straw and soil in layers and pressed, buried through the winter, or dug up and replanted after continuous planting for 2-3 years, but the flowering quality is poor and the florescence is irregular.

[cultivation management] the planting land should be prepared and fertilized with basic fertilizer, and the big and small balls and the old balls that had flowered last year should be planted separately. The distance between big bulb and small bulb is 25 cm and 10 cm respectively. The depth of planting ball is shallower than that of other bulbs, it is appropriate for the big ball to slightly expose the soil surface at the top of the bud, and the top of the small ball and the old ball should be lower than the soil surface. the old ball blossomed last year and can no longer blossom, only growing many thin and pointed balls around the old ball. "Deep long ball, shallow scape" is the principle followed by the depth of late fragrant jade planting ball. At the initial stage of planting, because there are few leaflets, there is no need for too much water; when the scape is about to be extracted, it should be given sufficient water and topdressing fertilizer; only when the scape is extracted can it be topdressing with thicker liquid fertilizer. Summer should pay attention to watering and always keep the soil moist. After the aboveground part has withered, leaves or hay are often used to cover it to prevent freezing in the south of the Yangtze River, overwintering in the open field. But it is best to dig up the bulbs, dry them slightly, remove the soil, braid the residual leaves, continue to air until dry, hang them in a warm and dry place and store them over the winter at room temperature for more than 4 ℃. Late fragrant jade can also be potted, and potted plants can be used to promote cultivation. Planting balls in late November and cultivating them in a high-temperature greenhouse can blossom ahead of time from April to May, but it is not convenient for families to grow flowers.

Note:

[fertilization] late fragrant jade likes fertilizer, so topdressing should be applied frequently: generally, once after one month of planting, once before flowering, and then once every one and a half or two months, pay attention to drainage and flower stem lodging in the rainy season. Dig out the bulb root before frost at the end of autumn, dry it slightly, remove the soil and fibrous root, and cut off a thin layer at the bottom of the ball to reveal white; continue to dry, and then braid the remaining leaves and hang them in a warm and dry place for storage for the winter. Or use the method of stove baking, hang the bulb root in the room and put the stove below to bake it.

[maintenance] "deep long ball, shallow scape" is the principle followed by the depth of late fragrant jade planting ball. At the initial stage of planting, because there are few leaflets, there is no need for too much water; when the scape is about to be extracted, it should be given sufficient water and topdressing fertilizer; only when the scape is extracted can it be topdressing with thicker liquid fertilizer. Summer should pay attention to watering and always keep the soil moist. After the aboveground part has withered, leaves or hay are often used to cover it to prevent freezing in the south of the Yangtze River, overwintering in the open field. But it is best to dig up the bulbs, dry them slightly, remove the soil, braid the residual leaves, continue to air until dry, hang them in a warm and dry place and store them over the winter at room temperature for more than 4 ℃. Late fragrant jade can also be potted, and potted plants can be used to promote cultivation. Planting balls in late November and cultivating them in a high-temperature greenhouse can blossom ahead of time from April to May, but it is not convenient for families to grow flowers.

The breeding mode of Euphorbia angustifolia

The underground stems were dug out after the aboveground parts withered in late November, and the shrunken old balls were removed. Generally, each clump could be divided into 5 mature balls and 10 mature balls, which were dried and stored in the dry place in the room. Divide the ball in spring and plant the big and small balls separately. Usually the balls can blossom after a year of cultivation. The diameter of the big ball for the production of cut flowers should be more than 2.5 cm. The small ball can grow into a big flowering ball after being cultivated for 1 Mel-2 years.

Disease control of late fragrant jade

1. Root nodule nematode larvae invade the roots, often making plants stunted, dwarfed and yellowed.

Control method: when it occurs, 1500 times of omethoate emulsion can be used to irrigate the soil, and 3% carbofuran can be buried in the basin soil for prevention and control.

two。 Powdery mildew is mainly harmful to leaves.

Prevention and treatment: 1000 times of Yifaling wettable solvent can be sprayed when it occurs. Other control methods refer to Dahlia. The relevant part of melon leaf chrysanthemum.

3. Anthrax.

It can be sprayed with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 600x of anthrax Fumei wettable powder, 700x of chlorothalonil wettable powder, and 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 200x Bordeaux solution at ordinary times.

4. The main insect pests are thrips, mole crickets and thrips.

It can be controlled with 3000 times of 10% permethrin EC and 18% Alfudine EC. Mole crickets in North China can be sprayed with 45 kg of 5% terbutyl phosphate granules per hectare, covered with soil and watered, or irrigated with 1000 times of 50% phoxim EC and 1000 times of 48% Lexben EC.