Culture methods and matters needing attention of sprinkling Ficus

Selection of species:

Before sowing, we should first select the seeds. Whether the seeds are good or not is directly related to the success of sowing.

1. It is best to choose the seeds harvested in the same year. The longer the seed is preserved, the lower the germination rate is.

2. Choose full seeds without defective or deformed seeds.

3. Select the seeds free from diseases and insect pests.

Sprouting: soak the seeds in warm hot water (the temperature is about the same as facial wash) for 12 to 24 hours until the seeds absorb water and expand. For common seeds that germinate easily, this practice does not have to be done.

Sowing: for tiny seeds that are difficult to pick up by hand or other harness, wet the end of the toothpick with water, stick the seed-seed-grain to the surface of the matrix, cover the substrate 1 cm thick, and then put the seeding pot into the water, the depth of the water is 1x2x2x3, let the water soak up slowly (this method is called "pot immersion method").

For larger seeds that can be picked up by hand or other tools, put the seeds directly into the substrate and order them at a distance of 3 × 5 cm. After sowing, the substrate was covered, and the thickness of the cover was 2-3 times that of the seed. After sowing, you can use sprayer, fine hole flower wine to wet the sowing matrix, and later when the basin soil is slightly dry, you should still pay attention to the degree of watering is not too large, so as not to wash the seeds up.

Management after sowing: after sowing in late autumn, early spring or winter, when you encounter a cold wave and low temperature, you can wrap the flowerpot with plastic film to keep warm and wet; after the seedlings are unearthed, the film should be opened in time, and before 9:30 every morning, or after 3:30 in the afternoon, let the seedlings receive the sun's light, otherwise the seedlings will grow very weakly. After most of the seeds come out, they need to plant seedlings properly: pull out the diseased and unhealthy seedlings, so that the seedlings left behind have a fixed space for each other; when most of the seedlings have grown 3 or more leaves, they can be transplanted.

[cutting propagation] Culture methods and matters needing attention of Hainan Sajin banyan

Also known as variable leaf wood

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm

Dicotyledonous class

Euphorbiaceae

Genus Chlorophyllum

Hainan Shajin banyan is an evergreen shrub or small tree, up to 50-250 cm high, smooth and glabrous. Leaves are mutual, and the shape, size and color of leaves vary greatly according to different strains. Flowers small, monoecious, long racemes drawn from upper leaf axils. 1. Basic overview

Species name: Hainan Sajinrong

Scientific name: Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum

Alias: sprinkled golden banyan, variable leaf wood

Family and genus: Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbiaceae

2. Morphological characteristics.

Evergreen shrubs or small trees, to 50-250 cm tall, smooth and glabrous. Leaves are mutual, and the shape, size and color of leaves vary greatly according to different strains. Flowers small, monoecious, long racemes drawn from upper leaf axils, male flowers white, clustered in bract axils; female flowers solitary on inflorescence axis.

3. Growth habits

Like high temperature, high humidity and strong light, not resistant to frost and snow, winter temperature not lower than 15 ℃, like heavy, fertile and water-retaining soil. Cuttage propagation is commonly used. Can be in June to August, cut the top of the tender shoot, 10 cm long, dry and then inserted into the sand bed, 3 weeks after rooting. In addition to watering in summer, it is necessary to spray water frequently to keep the leaf surface clean. During the growth and development period from April to October, the trees were fertilized once every ten days. when the temperature was low after moving indoors in winter, fertilizer and water should be controlled, pruning and shaping properly to maintain its beautiful plant shape and color. If the room temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the defoliation will occur. Common black mildew, anthrax, shell insects and red spiders.

4. Distribution of producing area

Indonesia and Pacific Islands

5. Artificial cultivation

Cutting propagation is carried out at the end of spring, summer and autumn. Open field cultivation in South China. It should be protected against cold in winter, and potted plants in the north of Tropic of Cancer should be admitted in autumn, and the overwintering temperature should be kept above 13 ℃. It is generally carried out in early spring and April, and the young shoots and 2-3-year-old branches can be used as cuttings. The length of cuttings is 10-15 cm. After cutting the cuttings from the mother plant, the cuttings must wait for the emulsion of the incision to be completely dried or dipped in charcoal powder before they can be inserted into the cutter with coarse sand matrix, otherwise the technical strips are easy to mildew and rot. Cuttings are inserted into the sand bed at a depth of about 3-4 cm. The temperature of the seedling bed should be kept at 24-30 ℃ and covered with plastic film to maintain temperature and humidity. After cutting, spray water 2-3 times a day. When the temperature is high at noon, it should be properly ventilated. Generally, it can take root after three weeks. Striping propagation: it is better to press strips in summer, place a flowerpot next to the mother plant with good culture soil, select a longer and robust branch from the mother plant, cut the epidermis with a knife at the bend, then bury it in the new basin soil, fix it, keep the basin soil moist, and after the mother plant takes root, cut off the branches connected to the mother plant in autumn for planting. As sowing and reproduction usually take 1-3 months to germinate, and some even take half a year to germinate, it is rarely used.

Strip propagation selects strong branches and peels off the bark from about 15cm to 30cm below the top. The width of the peeled wound is about one centimeter, and the depth is limited to just peeling off the skin. Cut a piece of film 10 cm 20 cm long and 5 cm 8 cm wide, put some wet garden soil on it, and wrap it around like a wound. The upper and lower ends of the film are tightly tied and bulged in the middle. Take root in about four to six weeks. After taking root, cut off the root system along the edge of the branch to form a new plant.

Pot or transplant: when small seedlings are poted or large plants that have been raised for several years are transferred to the basin, a coarse-grained matrix 2cm thick is first put into the bottom of the basin as a filter layer, which is sprinkled with a fully mature organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, with a thickness of about 1cm and 2cm, then covered with a thin layer of matrix, about 1cm thick, and then put into the plant to separate the fertilizer from the root system to avoid root burning.

You can choose one of the following substrates for potting: vegetable garden soil: slag = 3RV 1; orchard soil: medium coarse river sand: sawdust (dregs) = 4RU 1v 2; or one of paddy soil, pond mud, and rotten leaf soil. Pour water once after putting on the basin and keep it in a shaded environment for a week. When transplanting the seedlings, first dig the planting hole, sprinkle a layer of organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole as the base fertilizer (base fertilizer), the thickness is about 46.6 cm, and then cover a layer of soil and put it into the seedlings to separate the fertilizer from the roots and avoid burning roots. After putting it into the seedling, backfill the soil, cover the root system, and trample the soil with your feet and water it once.

In order to cultivate and maintain potted leafy trees, pots should be changed in early spring and April every year. Sandy loam rich in humus, loose and fertile should be selected, and the best cultivation medium should be a mixture of 3 parts of coarse peat, 3 parts of rotten leaf soil and 2 parts of sand. The window to the east or west of the variable-leaf wood is ideal, the suitable growth temperature is 18-28 ℃, and the winter temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃, otherwise it will cause fallen leaves and die. Plants like high air humidity and should always clean the leaves and spray the leaves. In winter, the temperature is low, evaporation is less, watering should be less, and then watering when the basin soil is dry. The leaves in the lower part of the variable leaf wood are often easy to fall off. Proper pruning and topdressing should be given in time to ensure adequate nutrients to prevent fallen leaves. The diseases and insect pests of leaf trees are aphids, red spiders, shell insects, coal diseases and so on. Raw red spiders and aphids can spray 1000 times dimethoate; scale insects can spray 100 times diluted 150 times oil emulsion; soot disease can be scrubbed with clean water or sprayed with 500 times 1000 times carbendazim.

6. Garden use

The variable leaf tree is evergreen all the year round, and the leaf shape and color are very changeable, so it is a good foliage plant. In South China, it is often planted in gardens or hedges, while East China and North China are used as potted plants to decorate the indoor environment, arranged in halls, halls, venues and so on. Variable leaf wood is also a good leaf material for flower arrangement, wreath and flower basket.

Culture methods and points for attention of Ficus alternata and Ficus arborescens

Family and genus: Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae flowering period: summer flower language: unpredictable use hint: suitable for families, shopping malls and other public places to maintain home display: can be placed on the windowsill, balcony.

Light

Like the environment with plenty of sunshine, it can adapt to a wide range of light, and can grow in semi-shade and full-day sunshine in spring and autumn.

Temperature

The suitable growth temperature is 20-30 ℃.

Soil

The requirement of soil is not strict, and it is better to cultivate soil with slightly sticky and good drainage. The basin soil can be mixed with garden soil, rotten leaf soil and river sand at the proportion of 8:1:1.

Watering

Watering should be sufficient during the growth period, keep the basin soil moist, and spray water to the page frequently in summer.

Fertilizer application

Generally speaking, the rotten thin cake fertilizer liquid or compound flower fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorus should be irrigated every 1-2 weeks.

Matters needing attention

The causes and control methods of "bald foot" of variable leaf wood: 1. Lack of nutrients. The potted soil for the cultivation of Alternaria alternata has not been changed for a long time, but the plant is growing day by day, and the nutrients in the potted soil have been nearly exhausted, which can not meet the needs of plant growth. 2. Consolidation of basin soil. Due to the heavy stickiness of the basin soil, consolidation, poor drainage, stagnant water in the basin, the root can not get oxygen and began to rot. 3. Lack of light. The variable leaf wood likes the sunny environment, if the light is insufficient, it will affect its photosynthesis. 4. Improper measures to keep warm in winter. The variable-leaf wood is not resistant to cold, so the northern area should be moved into the room after autumn to prevent cold, and the room temperature should be kept at about 20 ℃, and the night temperature should not be lower than 15 ℃.