What are the precautions for growing flowers in winter

Most people think that it is safe and relieved to move flowers indoors. In fact, there are four taboos after entering the house:

-avoid excessive indoor temperature. Many flowers go into dormancy and semi-dormancy in winter and need rest and full rest. Whether in the bedroom or balcony, the temperature should be controlled between 4-8 degrees Celsius (dormant flowers), not more than 10 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is high, the flowers will have physiological activities, and even the leaves will sprout, wasting the accumulated energy, which is extremely disadvantageous to the growth of the coming year. These kinds of flowers are Milan, gardenia, jasmine, orange, plum blossom, fig,

Pomegranate, grape, Hawthorn, cantaloupe, iron stem begonia, apricot, peach, apple, honeysuckle, spring, spring orchid, cymbidium and so on.

Avoid fat and too much water. Flowers to the dormant period,-cut physiological activities basically stop, the need for fertilizer, water is very little, can maintain life on it.

All hibernating flowers do not need fertilization in winter. Fertilization will not only cause waste, but also damage the roots of flowers.

Third, avoid dry air. The environment in the north is already dry, and the growth of flowers will be affected when the air relative humidity is too low.

Flowers requiring air relative humidity of not less than 80% are camellia, rhododendron, andrographis, orchids, orchids, asparagus, asparagus, Saxifraga, and so on.

Flowers that require an air relative humidity of 60% are Magnolia, Fusang, Admiralty, cyclamen, jasmine, rubber tree, tortoise back bamboo, Milan, Michelia, Haitong, cactus and so on. When the humidity is insufficient, the method of spraying water can be used to solve it.

Four taboos do not see the sun. Be sure to put the flowers in a place with good light, with at least 3 hours of light every day, so that the flowers can thrive in the coming year. Even if the flowers have no leaves, they should see the sun. It is absolutely not advisable to keep it in a dark place for a long time.

Omni-directional Analysis of grafting of Prunus mume

Omni-directional Analysis of grafting of Prunus mume

Grafting time of triangular plum:

Generally speaking, triangular plum can be grafted all the year round, but the survival rate of grafting is high or low at different times. During the grafting period, the survival rate is higher in spring and summer, and the lowest in winter, because spring and summer are the growing seasons. In spring and summer, more Rain Water, high humidity and rising air temperature can effectively reduce the dehydration and dryness of the scion. It is beneficial to the germination and growth of rootstock and scion, promote the healing of interface, and the survival rate of grafting is high. Grafting should avoid pots, flowering, deciduous leaves, dormancy absolutely can not be grafted; otherwise, seriously affect the survival rate. Triangulated plum in autumn and winter is the flowering season, the nutrition of root system is consumed greatly, the nutrient of tree crown is out of balance, and the survival rate of grafting is low. But if the flower friends in the north have warm steam at home, the indoor temperature is about 20 degrees. Triangular plum is placed in a position with plenty of sunshine and suitable rootstocks and scions, which can be grafted. On the basis of grafting in spring and summer, I tried to graft triangular plum last year and this winter and made a little progress. The following is to learn with you on the specific problems of grafting reproduction one by one.

Grafting is composed of rootstock and scion, the branch or bud used for grafting is called scion, and the part that bears scion is called rootstock.

The principle of graft survival:

When the scion is grafted on the rootstock, the wound is covered with a brown film on the surface of the rootstock and scion wound due to the residue of dead cells. Then, under the stimulation of callus hormone, the cells around the wound and cambium cells divide vigorously, and the brown membrane is broken to form callus. With the continuous increase of callus and the filling of the gap between the scion and the rootstock, the parenchyma cells of the healing tissue of the rootstock and the scion are connected with each other, and the cork cells formed finally connect the cork cells of the rootstock joint to the healing tissue and differentiate continuously, so that the duct and sieve tube communicate with each other, forming a new xylem inward and a new phloem outward, so that the rootstock is combined into a unity. To form a new plant. This process takes 10 to 15 days in summer and 15 to 20 days in spring.

Put up another picture in order for everyone to see it more clearly.

From the structural characteristics and arrows of the tissue shown in the above three pictures, it can be seen that the duct exists in the xylem, transporting water and inorganic salts upward, and the sieve tube exists in the phloem, transporting organic matter downward. Ducts mainly transport water and inorganic salts absorbed by roots from the soil. The sieve tube mainly transports the organic matter produced by photosynthesis of leaves, which is transported to roots, stems, flowers and fruits.

A simple understanding of the relationship between them will be of great help to delta plum lovers in the timing and matters needing attention in grafting [high branch pressure grafting]. If you are interested, you can take a look at this article.

The grafted triangular plum is in tears! Published in 2013-3-31---zhfg

The phenomenon mentioned in this article is a typical traumatic flow. Where does the water come from? As mentioned earlier, the vessel exists in the xylem and mainly transports the water and inorganic salts absorbed by the roots from the soil; when it rains during grafting, too much water will flow out of the wound. Accumulated around the wound, the wound rotted and failed to graft.

Factors affecting the survival of grafting:

Internal factors:

Affinity-affinity refers to the ability of both rootstock and scion to heal and survive and grow normally. That is, the ability of rootstocks and scions to be similar to each other in internal tissue structure, physiology and heredity, and to combine with each other to form a unified metabolic process. The mutual grafting of Prunus mume is the grafting of the same family and genus, but not distant grafting. Therefore, the phenomenon of low affinity will not occur.

External environmental factors:

The main external environmental factors are temperature and humidity. Grafting under suitable temperature, humidity and good ventilation conditions is beneficial to healing, survival, growth and development.

Temperature-temperature has a great influence on the formation of callus and the survival of grafting. Under the suitable temperature condition, the callus forms quickly and easily survives, and the temperature is too high or too low, which is not suitable for callus formation. Generally, the callus grew slowly under 15 ℃, accelerated at 15-20 ℃, and grew faster at 20-30 ℃. After grafting, the callus grew fastest at 25 ℃. But the temperature requirement in spring is not so strict, and it is suitable in the range of 10-25 degrees. This is related to the flow of hormones and nutrients! Spring is emitted from the roots to the branches, while in autumn, the branches are concentrated to the roots, the two are "one release, one harvest, or one harvest and one hide" are two completely opposite directions! When grafting, choose the period of the year with the above temperature and the cambium is exuberant activity. This condition generally occurs in spring and early summer. Spring is the best season for grafting, because grafting is most beneficial to survival when the sap begins to flow, the cortex is not peeled off, or when the rootstock cortex is peeled off but the scion bud is not germinated. The best grafting time of Prunus mume is from May to early July [determined by geographical location], and "woody bud grafting" and tender branch grafting are mainly carried out in early summer.

Humidity-the humidity conditions that affect the grafting of Prunus mume mainly refer to the small ambient air humidity of the grafting interface of rootstock and scion and the humidity of rootstock planting position. Rootstocks can usually form calli because their roots can absorb water. Generally speaking, the soil humidity of rootstocks is relatively low, while the air humidity is relatively high. [relative humidity is more than 95%, but no stagnant water]. Rootstocks should be watered once before grafting. Don't water for the next three or four days, and don't get caught in the rain for half a month when you plant outdoors. [avoid bleeding] in order to improve the healing ability; as long as ensuring the humidity of the wound and scion and growing callus, the grafting can survive. The scion branch of Prunus mume is isolated, and the parenchyma in the callus is tender and weak, is not resistant to drying, and the humidity is lower than the saturation point, which will make the cells dry for a long time and cause death. Water-rich cells are more beneficial to callus proliferation than wilting cells. Humidity has a great influence on the survival of grafting. The relative humidity of the air is close to saturation, which is the most suitable for healing. It is difficult for the scion branch to absorb water from the substrate [about 10 days] before healing, and the transpiration loss of water continues, and soon the branch will wilt due to lack of water supplement, resulting in dehydration physiological injury or death. In the process of grafting, how to solve this problem and keep the water balance of the scion? Only through the creation of high humidity environment, reducing water transpiration and keeping branches in the environment of high air humidity and suitable basin soil humidity, can the scion not lose moisture and make the interface heal as soon as possible to ensure the normal physiological metabolism. This is the basis for survival.

Tight grafting and bagging wrapped with grafting film are very important measures to solve the problem of moisturizing. It has a diurnal temperature difference between inside and outside. The water vapor produced by the respiratory condensation of branches and leaves played the role of grafting moisturizing.

Light-light inhibits the growth of healing tissue. Under the dark condition, the healing tissue at the interface grows more and tender, the color is white, and the healing effect is good; under the condition of light, the healing tissue grows less and hard, and the color is dark, so that the anvil and ear are not easy to heal. Therefore, dark conditions should be created around the wound during grafting. [black tape wound around the incision is moisture-proof and light-proof] is conducive to the growth of healing tissue and promote the survival of grafting.

The method of grafting:

There are many grafting methods, such as bud grafting and branch grafting according to the utilization of scion, split grafting, cutting grafting, skin grafting, embedded bud grafting, tongue grafting, leaning grafting and so on, but the basic grafting methods are bud grafting and branch grafting. Family flower grafting or branch grafting is advocated. The growth of branch grafting is much better than single bud grafting! Because the water and nutrients needed after grafting and before healing are supplied by their own storage. If the part of the scion is large, the growth is correspondingly good! However, no matter what method of grafting is used, the cambium between the scion and the rootstock should be aligned, at least on one side. In this way, the healing tissue can form and differentiate into various tissue systems as soon as possible, and communicate the transport ways of water and nutrients in the upper and lower parts. If you want to align the cambium, it is necessary to make the tool sharp, move quickly, and reduce the drying time between the scion cutting surface and the rootstock interface; the cutting surface should be smooth and smooth, preferably cut with a knife, not zigzag, and the cutting surface of the anvil and ear cannot be "fluffy" (with fiber). Maximize the increase of the contact surface of the notch, which are conducive to the rapid coincidence of the interface. Therefore, when grafting, the top and interface of the scion should be tightly bound and must be airtight to prevent the evaporation of water. The water in the interface is moldy.

Preparation before grafting:

I like grafted triangular plum, purely for leisure, entertain myself and enjoy life, so I don't care about time and cost. I can enjoy the cutest colors in nature and breathe fresh air without leaving home. The everlasting feeling makes people full of confidence in life. The plain and light retirement life also becomes more colorful because of its existence. The tool materials listed below should be selected according to their own conditions and need not be forced.

The steel knife with long wooden handle is self-made. The knife is very sharp, but it is so hard that the arc blade basically does not need to be sharpened. The smallest sharp steel knife, which is so sharp that it is not used to it.

The black handle is a Ning San brand grafting knife, which is forged with high carbon tool steel. The cutting edge is sharp and easy to grind, and the price is easy to declare. It feels a little softer to split thick branches. You'd better grind it before using it.

Grafting knife with Songge wooden handle, SK-5 steel. Sharp edge, thick wooden handle, good feel and wear resistance. The knife is sharp. The knife is sharp.

A handy grafting knife plus hard study and practice is the basic guarantee to help you learn the grafting technique.

Sharp tools make good work!

Knife sharpening teaching video 1-1269028802.html

Knife sharpening teaching video 2-1269028802.html

Knife sharpening tools:

Preparation of binding material:

Comparison, selection and cultivation of rootstocks:

Spring grafting: [hard branch grafting]

Scions with high Lignification are better than those with low Lignification.

Lignification of rootstock, Lignification of scion, general survival rate.

With the Lignification of rootstock, the survival rate of scion green branch is very low.

Lignification of rootstock and semi-Lignification of scion have the lowest survival rate.

The rootstock is semi-lignified, the scion is semi-lignified, and the survival rate is higher.

The semi-Lignification of rootstock and the Lignification of scion have the highest survival rate.

It is better for rootstocks to choose low Lignification than high Lignification, [because growing branches are more conducive to graft wound healing].

The above paragraph is only limited to the environmental and climatic conditions at that time and I have supervised the experience and experience of the predecessors in the grafting. Please do not mind and experience what is useful to you.

From the above comparison, it is not difficult to see that the rootstocks are green branches or semi-lignified branches, and the success rate of grafting is very high. From this, it is not difficult to see that the cultivation of rootstocks is very important.

The grafted rootstocks of Prunus mume can be selected to adapt to the local climate and soil conditions, and the strong lazy flower varieties such as lobular purple, Angus, green leaf scarlet, golden prize and so on, the key is to choose well-developed root system and strong. The branches are selectively cut. The purpose of strong shearing is to remove the apical dominance to stimulate the germination of basal branches so as to produce more basal branches for rootstocks. [the rootstock can be grafted if the rootstock is more than 3 mm]

Cutting of triangular plum rootstock:

The triangulated plum used as rootstock was selected from low to high to leave several branches with strong growth and uniform spatial distribution as multiple rootstocks. Leave 4-6 leaves at the base of the rootstock, do not stroke into a smooth rod, in order to ensure the normal growth of scions and rootstocks. There is enough to return the knife at the place where the knife is cut. Cut the rootstock at the grafting site, the position of the cut is very important, to make the left branch surface smooth, thorn-free, straight texture, it is better to have no scar in the upper and lower 3~5cm, otherwise the split seam is not straight and the wood split to one side. Flatten the wound with a knife [stubble]-cut off 3 mm and 5 mm from the tear caused by the extrusion of the phloem when the rootstock is cut. Then use a knife from the center of the rootstock or when the rootstock is thicker, split a knife on the top side of the rootstock. Make the split deep 1.5~2.0cm, slightly shorter than the long slope of the scion. The wood of the triangular plum is not too hard, and the cutting force in the direction of the mahogany is not very strong. After cutting in with a knife in the right hand, press down with the left mother's finger. [spring grafting with a higher degree of Lignification of the rootstock can twist the handle left and right before the cutting reaches the depth to crack the branches at the lower part of the incision] in order to avoid new damage to the phloem caused by excessive extrusion when inserting the scion.

Cutting of scion:

Scion branches choose full and robust tissue, short internodes, preferably full and unsprouted buds in the middle of the year. It is easy to survive after grafting.

The scion length 5~8cm should be selected with 2-3 full buds. The scion had better be picked along with the scion, and the leaves should be cut off immediately after picking the scion to reduce water evaporation. Keep the petiole 0.5-1.0 cm, do not break it with your hands, so as not to hurt the bud eye. Cut off the thorns. Easy to bind and apply to prevent injury or block the direction of budding. If the scion is more, you can also refer to the above methods, and then wrap the scion with a wet towel. Both ends should be breathable and stored in a cool place. Check the moisture situation at any time, spray water in time, and maintain a certain degree of humidity.

When cutting the scion, we should first predict the direction of budding, so as to improve the ornamental quality after survival.

Should be at the lower end of the scion, both sides of the bud down 1 cm, use the left hand to hold the scion, the right hand push knife oblique cut into the scion. Push knife force should be uniform, consistent, push knife direction should be consistent with the direction of the knife. If the force is uneven, the force before and after the force is inconsistent, the cutting surface will not be smooth, and the midway direction is upward, which will make the cutting surface not straight. If one knife is uneven, one or two more knives can be mended to make the cutting surface meet the requirements. The lower part of the scion is cut into a wedge, and the cutting surface is 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm long, but it should not be cut too thin. too thin to form less healing tissue is not conducive to survival. The outside of the scion should be slightly thicker than the inside. At the same time, the bud eye should also be left on the side of the thick surface. Both sides of the noodles should be thick on one side and thin on the other.

Tender shoot split grafting-traditional grafting can not make use of the tender shoot of the scion, generally discarding it, while the tender shoot split grafting can make full use of the scion.

Scions with terminal buds are better than those with lateral buds. [tender shoot grafting]

The success rate of grafting of scion with apical bud is higher than that without terminal bud.

When the temperature is low, the scion is thick and easy to take over.

When the temperature is high, the scion is easy to be grafted.

Twig scions can also be cut into a straight line and a diagonal line, and two knives can be cut into sharp triangles. Put the bottom of the cut scion flat on a clean platform, cut off the tear caused by the extrusion of the phloem when the scion is cut, and the hardness of the end left behind has been greatly improved. It greatly ensures the tightness of the scion when it is inserted into the rootstock and lays a good foundation for the healing of the incision.

Grafted triangular plum in winter:

On the basis of successful grafting in spring and summer, try grafting in winter this winter to accumulate some experience and lay a foundation for the future. Winter grafting as mentioned earlier in the article many unfavorable factors winter-flowering-low temperature, humidity-winter survival rate is the lowest and so on. Come up with the corresponding method, turn disadvantageous into advantageous, as long as can pick up a part, and then after supplementary grafting, the seedlings become bigger, and the growing season can be advanced by one year. A multi-flower, concentrated essence, greatly saving space. It improves the viewing ability.

To sum up, the temperature is the first to bear the brunt of the external conditions. The community where I live has been developed and built for more than a decade, and it was basically completed last year. It is divided into five communities, each with basically 10 or 20 buildings. Central heating, coupled with the above requirements for winter heating temperature of 18 degrees. I live on the outermost side of the building and the original temperature is greatly reduced, so it is necessary to replace the heating steam. After adjustment, the temperature is almost back to the previous state. It laid the foundation for the grafting experiment in winter.

Insert scion:

Pry open the split of the rootstock with a splitter so that the thick side of the scion is on the outside and the thin side is inside. Gently insert the scion into the rootstock, then gently sprinkle the split knife. The left-handed mother fingers against the upper end of the cut of the rootstock, and the right hand continues to insert the cuttings downwards, paying special attention to aligning the rootstock cambium with the scion formative layer. Generally speaking, the cortex of the rootstock is thicker than that of the scion, so the outer surface of the scion is slightly more inward than the outer surface of the rootstock, so that the cambium can align with each other. The xylem can also be used as the standard to align the rootstock with the xylem surface of the scion so that the cambium is aligned. Grafting is to create the conditions for the production of callus. Do not insert all the cutting surfaces when inserting the scion, but should expose about 3mm (that is, leaving the cutting surface of the scion with a length of 3mm at the upper end of the cross section of the rootstock) so that the cambium contact surface between the scion and the rootstock is larger; leave room to make the surface of the tree smooth and heal well after healing. On the contrary, the growth of healing tissue will be limited, which will make it difficult to heal and decrease the quality; after healing, a pimple will be formed near the wound, resulting in poor healing in the later stage, which will affect the life span.

Generally speaking, two methods are used to bandage:

Bagging method: [twig grafting-twig grafting]

Black PVC environment-friendly electrical adhesive tape [bandaging graft interface]

The black PVC environment-friendly electrical tape is tiled on the platform and cut apart from the middle, with a length of about 10 cm.

Ordinary PVC electrical adhesive cloth due to heavy viscose, unbandaging found that even triangular plum bark sticky can not be used, [the state of a year later see the following picture] to use black PVC environment-friendly electrical special adhesive cloth after the bark was not found to be broken.

Banding: [rough branch or hard branch grafting]

After the scion branch is inserted, the left thumb and index finger are pinched on both sides of the interface to prevent displacement. Hold the strap [black PVC tape in the bag] in the right hand, press the tape [tape] around the joint with the mother finger of the left hand, tighten and tighten it, and then use the imbricate method to wrap all the split and the exposed parts of the wound tightly and bind them tightly. Coat transparent plastic bag moisturizing] wrap branches from the bottom up, such as cuttings with longer branches can also be around, the index finger moves at the same time always press the bandage and move forward. Avoid the bud eye or the bud eye only one layer of film, to the top reverse roll down so that the capsule into a rope-like lower winding, then from top to bottom to the joint, and then around a few laps of tension and fastening can be [self-adhesive film stretched and fastened]. The scion can also leave enough cutting capacity before cutting, and wrap the rest first. After cutting, it looks troublesome to insert the rootstock and then wrap the unwrapped stock tightly, but it is very suitable for beginners to avoid the dislocation of the sloshing incision and affect the healing.

Grafting-23.jpg (101.69 KB, downloads: 20)

Examination of the survival of grafted plants:

The survival can be checked after grafting for about 15 days. If the buds on the scion have germinated or remain fresh and tender, the petiole will fall as soon as it is touched, indicating that the petiole is detached and has been grafted to survive; where the bud becomes black and the petiole is not easy to fall, it will be alive at the end. For those who are at the end of the job, they should be replaced immediately.

Loosening and removal of membrane:

For the plastic bag moisturizer, you can cut a small cut in the top corner of the wrapped plastic bag at this time, ventilate and practice the bud, so that the new bud can gradually adapt to the external environment, and then gradually removed. Grafting bagging in summer, we should pay attention to observe that the temperature in the bag can not be too high, otherwise the scion is easy to rot. The capsule of branch grafting is in no hurry to be removed, it is very thin and elastic, and will not hinder the growth of the interface. Generally, after half a year, the scion grows stronger and the interface grows firmly. When the new tip grows to more than 20 to 40 centimeters, or after pinching the tip, the new tip will grow normally and then release the binding. Remove the bandage, otherwise it is easy to injure the rootstock and new shoots. And set up a pillar to tie up the new tip with a rope. If unbound too early, the interface is still in danger of losing water and affect survival.

Management after grafting:

The management of triangulated plum after grafting is very important. If the management is not good or timely, even if they are grafted and survived, all their previous efforts will be wasted in the end. Therefore, we should not only be satisfied with the survival of triangular plum grafting, but also carefully manage the grafted seedlings of triangular plum.

Get rid of sprouting:

After grafting, the rootstock grows a lot of sprouting tillers, which grow faster than the grafted buds. In order to ensure the rapid growth of new shoots after grafting, so as not to consume a lot of nutrients, the sprouting tillers on the rootstock should be removed in time. If the sprouting on the rootstock is not removed in time, the sprouting will grow fast, while the scion will grow slowly, and the panicle will gradually stop growing and die because it can not compete with the sprouting on the rootstock. When the scion grows vigorously, the triangulated plum sprouts and can stop growing. At this point, you can move on to the normal management phase.

Learn from friends' triangle plum grafting

First, the grafting time of triangular plum:

Triangular plum can be grafted in four seasons, but the survival rate of grafting is high or low in different seasons. The survival rate of grafting was higher in spring and summer and the lowest in winter. As spring and summer are the growing season, more Rain Water, high humidity and rising temperature can effectively reduce the water loss of scion, facilitate the germination and growth of rootstock and scion, promote interface healing and high survival rate. Grafting should avoid pots, flowering and deciduous leaves, and never graft when dormant; otherwise, the survival rate will be seriously affected. Autumn and winter are the flowering season, the nutrition of the root system is consumed greatly, the nutrient of the crown is maladjusted, and the survival rate of grafting is low. But there is warm steam at home in the north, and the temperature is about 20 degrees. There is plenty of sunshine in the position, and there are suitable rootstocks and scions, which can be grafted.

Second, the principle of graft survival:

After grafting, the residue of dead cells formed a brown film on the wound surface of the rootstock. Then, under the stimulation of callus hormone, the cells around the wound and cambium cells divide vigorously, which breaks the brown membrane and forms callus. With the continuous increase of callus and the filling of the gap between the scion and the rootstock, the parenchyma cells of the healing tissue of the rootstock and the scion are connected with each other, and the cork cells formed by differentiation connect the cork cells of the junction, and the healing tissue continues to differentiate, so that the duct and sieve tube communicate with each other, forming a new xylem inward and a new phloem outward, so that the rootstock is United into a unity to form a new plant. This process takes 10 to 15 days in summer and 15 to 20 days in spring.

The duct exists in the xylem and carries water and inorganic salts upward; the sieve tube exists in the phloem and transports organic matter downward.

Third, the factors that affect the survival of grafting:

1. Internal factors:

Affinity-affinity refers to the ability of both rootstock and scion to heal and survive and grow normally. That is, the ability of rootstocks and scions to be similar to each other in internal tissue structure, physiology and heredity, and to combine with each other to form a unified metabolic process. The mutual grafting of Prunus mume is the grafting of the same family and genus, but not distant grafting. Therefore, the phenomenon of low affinity will not occur.

2. External environmental factors:

The main external factors are temperature and humidity. Grafting under suitable temperature, humidity and good ventilation is beneficial to callus survival and growth.

A, temperature-temperature has a great influence on the formation of callus and the survival of grafting. Generally, the callus grew slowly under 15 ℃, accelerated at 15-20 ℃, and grew faster at 20-30 ℃. After grafting, the callus grew fastest at 25 ℃.

The requirement of temperature in spring is not so strict, and it is suitable in the range of 10-25 degrees. This is related to the flow of hormones and nutrients! Spring radiates from the roots to the branches.

When grafting, choose the period of the year with the above temperature and the cambium is exuberant activity. This condition generally occurs in spring and early summer. Spring is the best season for branch grafting, when the sap begins to flow, the cortex is not peeled off or peeled off in the cortex of the rootstock, but the scion is grafted when the bud is not germinated, which is most beneficial to survival.

The best grafting time of Prunus mume is from May to early July [determined by geographical location], and "woody bud grafting" and tender branch grafting are mainly carried out in early summer.

B, humidity-the humidity affecting grafting mainly refers to the small environmental humidity of interface and scion and the humidity of rootstock planting.

Interface, scion small environment 10 murmur15 days after the relative humidity should be high, but can not be stagnant water, rain.

The rootstock should be watered once before joining. Don't water for the next three or four days, and don't get caught in the rain for half a month of outdoor planting to avoid bleeding.

Therefore, the interface should be tightly wrapped, and the interface and scion should be bagged and moisturized.

C, light-light has an inhibitory effect on callus. Under the dark condition, the callus at the interface grows more and tender, the color is white, and the healing effect is good; under the light condition, the healing tissue grows less and hard, and the color is dark, so that the rootstock and ear are not easy to heal. Therefore, dark conditions should be created around the interface during grafting to promote the survival of grafting.

Fourth, preparation before grafting:

The listed tool materials should be selected according to the conditions, not required: pruning shears, grafting knife, grindstone, binding, wrapping materials, rootstocks and scions.

5. Comparison, selection and cultivation of scions and rootstocks:

Spring grafting: hard branch grafting.

Scions with high Lignification are better than those with low Lignification.

Lignification of rootstock, Lignification of scion, general survival rate.

With the Lignification of rootstock, the survival rate of scion green branch is very low.

Lignification of rootstock and semi-Lignification of scion have the lowest survival rate.

The rootstock is semi-lignified, the scion is semi-lignified, and the survival rate is higher.

The semi-Lignification of rootstock and the Lignification of scion have the highest survival rate.

The above comparison is not difficult to see: rootstock green branches or semi-Lignification, the success rate of grafting is very high. The cultivation of rootstocks is very important.

Triangulated plum rootstocks can be selected to adapt to the local climate, soil conditions, robust lazy flower varieties, such as lobular purple, Angus, green leaf red, golden prize and other varieties, the key is to select well-developed roots and strong. The branches are selectively cut. The purpose of strong shearing is to remove the apical dominance to stimulate the germination of basal branches so as to produce more basal branches for rootstocks. The rootstock can be grafted if the rootstock is above 3 mm.

6. The method of grafting:

According to the utilization of scion, split bud grafting and branch grafting; according to the interface form, there are split grafting, cutting grafting, skin grafting, embedded bud grafting, tongue grafting, leaning grafting and so on. Family flower cultivation advocates branch grafting. The growth of branch grafting is much better than that of single bud grafting. Because the water and nutrients needed after grafting and before healing are supplied by their own storage. If the part of the scion is large, the growth is correspondingly good! However, no matter what method of grafting is used, the cambium between the scion and the rootstock should be aligned, at least on one side. In this way, the healing tissue can form and differentiate into various tissue systems as soon as possible, and communicate the transport ways of water and nutrients in the upper and lower parts. If you want to align the cambium, it is necessary to make the tool sharp, move quickly, and reduce the drying time between the scion cutting surface and the rootstock interface; the cutting surface should be smooth and smooth, preferably cut with a knife, not zigzag, and the cutting surface of the anvil and ear cannot be "fluffy" (with fiber). Maximize the increase of the contact surface of the notch, which are conducive to the rapid coincidence of the interface. Therefore, when grafting, the top and interface of the scion should be tightly bound and must be airtight to prevent the evaporation of water. The water in the interface is moldy.

7. Grafting:

1. Rootstock cutting:

Several branches with strong growth and uniform spatial distribution were selected as multiple rootstocks according to different levels from low to high. Leave 4-6 leaves at the base of the rootstock, do not stroke into a smooth rod, in order to ensure the normal growth of scions and rootstocks. Leave a sufficient amount of knife return at the place where the knife is cut. Cut the rootstock at the grafting site, the position of the cut is very important, to make the left branch surface smooth, no thorns, straight texture, preferably no scar in the upper and lower 3~5cm, otherwise the split seam is not straight, the wood split to one side. Smooth the wound with a knife. Then use a knife to split the center or top side of the rootstock with a depth of 1.5~2.0cm, which is slightly shorter than the long slope of the scion. The wood of the triangular plum is not too hard, and the cutting force in the direction of the mahogany is not very strong. After cutting in with a knife in the right hand, press down with the left mother's finger. [spring grafting with a higher degree of Lignification of the rootstock can twist the handle left and right before the cutting reaches the depth to crack the branches at the lower part of the incision] in order to avoid new damage to the phloem caused by excessive extrusion when inserting the scion.

2. Cutting of scion:

Scions choose full and robust, short internodes, preferably full and unsprouted buds in the middle of the year, which are easy to survive.

The scion length 5~8cm should be selected with 2-3 full buds.

The scion had better be picked along with the scion, and the leaves should be cut off immediately after ear picking to reduce water evaporation. Leave the petiole 0.5cm to 1.0cm, do not break it with your hand, so as not to hurt the bud eye. Cut off the thorns to facilitate binding to prevent injury or block the direction of budding. If the scion is more, you can also refer to the above method, then wrap the scion with a wet towel and store it in a cool place to keep a certain degree of humidity.

When cutting the scion, we should first predict the direction of budding, so as to improve the ornamental quality after survival. At the lower end of the scion, cut down 1 cm on both sides of the bud, hold the scion firmly with the left hand, and cut it obliquely with the right hand push knife. Push knife force should be uniform, consistent, push knife direction should be consistent with the direction of the knife. If the force is uneven, the force before and after the force is inconsistent, the cutting surface will not be smooth, and the midway direction is upward, which will make the cutting surface not straight. If one knife is uneven, one or two more knives can be mended to make the cutting surface meet the requirements. The lower part of the scion is cut into a wedge, and the cutting surface is 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm long, but it should not be cut too thin. too thin to form less healing tissue is not conducive to survival. The outside of the scion should be slightly thicker than the inside. The bud eye should be left on the side of the thick surface.

Tender shoot split grafting: the traditional grafting can not make use of the tender shoot of the scion, generally discarding it, while the tender shoot split grafting can make full use of the scion.

Scions with terminal buds are better than those with lateral buds.

The success rate of grafting of scion with apical bud is higher than that without terminal bud.

When the temperature is low, the scion is thick and easy to take over.

When the temperature is high, the scion is easy to be grafted.

Twig scions can also be cut into a straight line and a diagonal line, and two knives can be cut into sharp triangles. Put the bottom of the cut scion flat on a clean platform, cut off the tear caused by the extrusion of the phloem when the scion is cut, and the hardness of the end left behind has been greatly improved. It greatly ensures the tightness of the scion when it is inserted into the rootstock and lays a good foundation for the healing of the incision.

3. Cutting scion:

Pry open the split of the rootstock with a knife so that the thick side of the scion is on the outside and the thin side is inside. Insert the scion into the rootstock, then gently sprinkle the chopping knife. The left-handed mother fingers against the upper end of the cut of the rootstock, and the right hand continues to insert the cuttings downwards, paying special attention to aligning the rootstock cambium with the scion formative layer. Generally speaking, the cortex of the rootstock is thicker than that of the scion, so the outer surface of the scion is slightly more inward than the outer surface of the rootstock, so that the cambium can align with each other. The xylem can also be used as the standard to align the rootstock with the xylem surface of the scion so that the cambium is aligned. Grafting is to create the conditions for the production of callus. Do not insert all the cutting surfaces when inserting the scion, but should expose about 3mm (that is, leaving the cutting surface of the scion with a length of 3mm at the upper end of the cross section of the rootstock) so that the cambium contact surface between the scion and the rootstock is larger; leave room to make the surface of the tree smooth and heal well after healing. On the contrary, the growth of healing tissue will be limited, which will make it difficult to heal and decrease the quality; after healing, a pimple will be formed near the wound, resulting in poor healing in the later stage, which will affect the life span.

4. Bandaging: two methods are generally used.

Bagging method: [twig grafting-twig grafting]

Black PVC environment-friendly electrical adhesive tape [bandaging graft interface]

5. Banding: [rough branch or hard branch grafting]

After the scion branch is inserted, the left thumb and index finger are pinched on both sides of the interface to prevent displacement. Hold the strap [black PVC tape in the bag] in the right hand, press the tape [tape] around the joint with the mother finger of the left hand, tighten and tighten it, and then use the imbricate method to wrap all the split and the exposed parts of the wound tightly and bind them tightly. Coat transparent plastic bag moisturizing] wrap branches from the bottom up, such as cuttings with longer branches can also be around, the index finger moves at the same time always press the bandage and move forward. Avoid the bud eye or the bud eye only one layer of film, to the top reverse roll down so that the capsule into a rope-like lower winding, then from top to bottom to the joint, and then around a few laps of tension and fastening can be [self-adhesive film stretched and fastened]. The scion can also leave enough cutting capacity before cutting, and wrap the rest first. After cutting, it looks troublesome to insert the rootstock and then wrap the unwrapped stock tightly, but it is very suitable for beginners to avoid the dislocation of the sloshing incision and affect the healing.

The black PVC environment-friendly electrical tape is tiled on the platform and cut apart from the middle, with a length of about 10 cm.

6. Inspection of survival of grafted plants:

Grafting usually takes about 15 days to check whether it has survived. If the buds on the scion have germinated or remain fresh and tender, the petiole will fall as soon as it is touched, indicating that the petiole is detached and has been grafted to survive; where the bud becomes black and the petiole is not easy to fall, it will be alive at the end. For those who are at the end of the job, they should be replaced immediately.

7. Loosening and removal of membrane:

For moisturizing plastic bags, cut a small hole in the top corner of the wrapped plastic bags, ventilate and practice the buds, so that the new buds can gradually adapt to the external environment, and then gradually removed. Grafting bagging in summer, we should pay attention to observe that the temperature in the bag can not be too high, otherwise the scion is easy to rot. The capsule of branch grafting is in no hurry to be removed, it is very thin and elastic, and will not hinder the growth of the interface. Generally, after half a year, the scion grows stronger and the interface grows firmly. When the new tip grows to more than 20 to 40 centimeters, or after pinching the tip, the new tip will grow normally and then release the binding. Remove the bandage, otherwise it is easy to injure the rootstock and new shoots. And set up a pillar to tie up the new tip with a rope. If unbound too early, the interface is still in danger of losing water and affect survival.

8. Management of grafted seedlings:

After the grafting of Prunus mume, the rootstock will sprout a lot of tillers. In order to ensure the rapid growth of the scion of the grafted seedlings of Prunus mume, the sprouting should be removed in time. Otherwise, the scion can not compete but sprout, and gradually stop growing and dying. When the scion grows vigorously, the sprouting stops growing. At this point, it can be transferred to normal management.

The most successful grafting-- relying on grafting

The grafting of triangular plum is very difficult, I have also made some efforts in this aspect, but the effect is not great.

Since we tried the leaning method, we have pursued it and gradually figured out some clues. Dozens of joints of the following two large piles have adopted the leaning method, which not only has a high success rate, but also can be grafted continuously and formed quickly. It is possible to enjoy the beautiful scenery in the year of grafting.

Today, there are two new varieties to be grafted. The picture is the main work to introduce:

1. Adjust the scion direction:

In order to keep the scion close to the rootstock, adjust the scion direction with aluminum wire 1-2 days before grafting.

Scion cutting schematic diagram: slightly longer than the rootstock, twigs do not ring peel.

2. The rootstock is relatively short:

Schematic diagram of rootstock cutting:

3. Lean on: several rootstocks can be attached to a scion:

⑴, scion and rootstock branches are as close and parallel as possible. The angle greater than 30 degrees should be adjusted with string binding for 1-2 days, straightened out and then connected. Otherwise, it's easy to break.

⑵, rootstock interface above the top, you can leave some twigs, to sprout old leaves.

⑶, if the scion is old, the scion should be girdled for 1cm after the joint (can be scraped). If it is tender, it should be done at the right time.

⑷, the length of interface is about 1.5cm.

A schematic diagram of the bandage:

The first tree with orange ice:

A yellow butterfly scion is connected with two small rootstocks at the same time:

Several issues that should be paid attention to:

1. The grafting knife should be sharp to reduce the degree of wound injury and facilitate recovery.

two。 When grafting, the scion and rootstock are controlled to cut off a small part, and it is easy to break if it is cut big.

3. When binding, it is necessary to ensure that the two sides fit effectively, and the water absorption line is aligned as far as possible.

4. Scions and rootstocks are most likely to succeed when they are semi-lignified.

Technical data of grafted Prunus mume

1. Video and text of CCTV7 grafting:

1. Video:

CCTV7 .cn / datalib/meizi_video/2007/2007_07/meizi_video.2007-07-30.0512

Video potted triangular plum: introduce the characteristics and ornamental value of triangular plum, as well as the grafting and plastic methods of triangular plum.

2. The relevant text in the video:

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Before grafting, it is necessary to collect specially cultivated buds, which should choose vigorous growth, tall and straight branches as grafted branches, and immediately put them into the water to avoid dehydration and difficult to survive. When you are ready for grafting, you have to choose rootstocks. These are triangulated plums that survive in the wild. They are moved into the park to be used as rootstocks, but they are not suitable for grafting in any season.

The time of grafting can be grafted at any time except that it is not easy to be grafted in summer, but the survival rate is the highest in autumn and spring. Because when there is no rain in autumn, it is easier to survive in a lukewarm climate. Spring is just the time for sprouting. Choose a sunny day, and the grafting work begins: first, cut off about 5 cm from the top of the rootstock branch and cut the blade down 3-5 cm. In order for the grafted branch to reduce moisture evaporation, the leaves need to be cut off to improve its survival rate. If you take a good look at this action, the cut plane should have a certain slope to increase the contact surface with the trunk, and finally insert the incision.

When picking up, it is necessary to align the skin of the rootstock with the skin of the bud correctly before it will survive very quickly, or it will be killed soon.

Of course, sometimes two branches can be inserted into one incision. And tie it tightly with plastic film, the same truth, in order to maintain moisture to improve the survival rate, then fasten the plastic belt to the grafting branch, in order to avoid direct sunlight, but also use Kraft paper to praise it, and then write down the date, so that you can check it later.

It takes about two weeks to know whether the leaves are alive or dead. if the leaves are still green and green after two weeks, they will probably be alive, that is to say, if you want to take it apart, you have to really live after a month, and then you don't have to open it all at once, you have to pierce it a little bit first so that it has a process of adaptation to the air, and then you can really open it a week later.

These branches that spit out green leaves have chosen to blend with the rootstock, so they have survived, and those branches that have not been successfully grafted should be cut off in time to allow more nutrients to survive. So how does the grafted triangular plum grow?

The work of picking leaves is relatively easy, and you must be in a good mood to swim in the sea of flowers. However, seeing these triangular plums with messy branches and unbeautiful trees, even the beautiful flowers as a whole have lost their sense of beauty. As a variety that likes warm and humid environment and new branches grow fast, timely cleaning and plastic surgery is also a necessary work.

Generally speaking, it is necessary to make people look softer, another shape that looks very old, and flowers that will look better in the future, assuming that there are some straight branches that seem to be unmanaged, so we pay more attention to the adjustment of shape.

To achieve a soft classical effect, first tie the bottom of the selected branch to the trunk and slowly bend it into an arc. At this time, the movement must be light, so that the tissue of the trunk will not be easily hurt, and then it will be tied to the lower branch with plastic rope. Finally, the bamboo pole will be inserted into the basin as a supporting rod, and the branch will be tied parallel to the supporting trunk. After a week or two of forced fixation, a seemingly soft one The simple and elegant shape came out.

Potted triangular plum has both natural charm and artificial delicacy, but it is not easy to mess with, like most beautiful flowers, it is covered with thorns, especially potted triangular plum has to change pots frequently. At this time, the staff should be very careful when handling them.

Change basin technical link: because the triangular plum grows too fast, you have to turn the basin and change the soil every year, but as long as you get the hang of it, you can still find a lot of fun in your work.

This big guy can't do it without a trick. Look, the roots are all drilled out of the bottom of the flowerpot. Cut them off first to prevent muddy water when changing the pot.

In the whole life process of triangular plum, scientific management will be directly related to its growth. However, as a kind of plant with strong vitality, light-loving and drought-intolerant plant, there must be sufficient water supply during the growing period, otherwise leaves will easily fall. Know that as long as you achieve fat, long sunshine and strong light, the flowering period of triangular plum can be as long as 180-200 days, which will not only bring fun to your life. It will also bring you a lot of benefits.

2. Grafting of potted triangular plum-54881-3-1.html TE > learn TE >

Through the grafting of the branches of the triangular plum, colorful flowers bloom on a triangular plum at the same time. Grafting is a traditional biotechnology that combines one part of one plant with another so that the two parts form a whole plant. The triangulated plums of different colors are of the same family and genus with strong affinity. After combined grafting, the interface heals well and is relatively smooth and tidy, so it is easy to succeed.

The relationship among the factors affecting the graft survival of triangulated plum:

There are many factors that affect the survival of grafting between Prunus mume, the relationship between them and the interaction in the process of grafting. The grafting of Prunus mume from cambium to callus formation, rootstock and scion callus connection, and then survival of grafting, this is the internal reason. Both rootstock and scion have affinity, which is the basis of graft survival. Suitable grafting period, temperature, humidity, air, light intensity and good grafting technology are external reasons. The internal cause is the foundation, the external cause is the condition, and the external cause acts through the internal cause.

Grafting technique:

Selection of triangulated plum rootstocks:

Collection of triangulated plum scion:

The selection of triangular plum scion is very important, we must pay attention to two points:

(1) strict selection of disease-free branches: in order to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests, healthy, high-quality triangulated plum branches with different flowers and colors without diseases and insect pests should be selected.

(2) take cuttings from the best part: when collecting scions, pay attention to collecting branches of different colors of triangular plums where there is sufficient light, and do not pick branches that grow only in the lower part or are too old as scions. Young or semi-lignified branches that are healthy, sturdy, full in growth and full in buds should be selected, and the scions must be grafted along with picking, and if they are to be let off for a day or two, they must be soaked in clean water or refrigerated.

Grafting time and preparation of triangular plum:

Generally speaking, triangular plum can be grafted with each other all the year round, but the survival rate of grafting is different at different times. Spring and summer are the growing season, and the survival rate of grafting is high. Autumn and winter are the flowering season, the nutrition of the root system is consumed greatly, the nutrient of the crown is maladjusted, and the survival rate of grafting is low. Therefore, grafting is generally adopted in spring and summer, and the grafting must be irrigated once before or immediately after grafting to ensure the improvement of the viability; as long as the humidity of the scion wound is ensured and calli grow after the temperature rises, the grafting can survive.

Grafting method:

For the grafting method of triangulated plum of different colors, the most favorable method for survival of grafting is an ancient and main method-splitting method. The split grafting method is not only beneficial to the survival of the grafting, but also because the split grafting method can make the interface of the rootstock clamp the scion tightly and is not easy to be broken by the wind. It is necessary to be "fast, flat, accurate and tight" in the process of grafting. "fast" means that the grafting knife should be sharp, the grafting action should be agile, and the drying time between the scion cutting surface and the rootstock interface should be shortened as much as possible; "flat" means that the scion cutting surface and the rootstock interface should be smooth, without convexity and concavity, so that the two can be closely combined; "accurate" means to align the formative layer between the scion and the rootstock when inserting the scion, which is the key in the whole grafting process. The cambium is misaligned and will never survive. "tight" means that the dressing of both rootstocks and scions should be tight, and there must be no loose phenomenon. Only when they are tight, can healing tissue be formed. The main points of operation are as follows:

Rootstock cutting:

Choose the corresponding branches as multiple rootstocks around an annual purple triangulated plum at different levels from low to high, cut it off with scissors at the straight stem of the rootstock, and flatten the wound with a blade. Longitudinal incision along the medulla, the length of the incision is about 2~3cm to form a split.

Scion cutting:

Use a variety of scions of different colors, the thickness is similar to the rootstock branches, about 3-4cm, in order to reduce moisture evaporation of the scion, it is necessary to cut off the leaves, or cut off more than half and leave a small part to improve its survival rate. The scion has 2 to 3 buds, and each side of the scion is cut at about 2~3cm (the cutting surface should be flat and done in one go) to form a wedge, both sides of the wedge are the same thickness, pay attention to the cutting surface of the scion should be long and flat, but not too thin, the angle formed after cutting of the scion should be consistent with the angle of the split of the rootstock, so that the calli growing from the rootstock and the scion cambium are connected from top to bottom.

Engagement:

Pry open the split of the rootstock with a blade or fingernail. Then insert the scion into one side of the split so that the forming layers of both sides are aligned. If you can't aim at both sides, aim outward at the side of the rootstock, or toward the phloem of the rootstock. Twig split grafting requires that the scion is as thick as the rootstock, so that the cambium of the scion and the left and right sides of the rootstock are basically connected. When joining, do not insert all the wounds of the scion into the split, but expose more than 0.5cm, which is conducive to healing. If all the wound parts of the scion are inserted into the cleft, on the one hand, the upper and lower cambium is not correct, on the other hand, the healing surface forms a pimple in the lower part of the cleft, resulting in poor healing in the later stage, which affects the life span. Of course, sometimes two branches can be inserted into one incision, and the same is true. A variety of scions of different colors can be grafted on multiple rootstocks of a purple plum.

Bandage:

After joining, tie it up from bottom to top with plastic strips about 1.5cm in width and 30cm in length. (moderate tightness, can also be wrapped with willow leather ring from bottom to top). When bandaging, the split and the exposed part of the wound should be tightly wrapped and tied up. Coat transparent plastic bag to moisturize, in order to avoid direct sunlight, but also wrap it in newspaper or Kraft paper, and then write down the date so that you can check it later. It takes about two weeks to know whether the leaves will survive or not. if the leaves do not wither and fall off after two weeks, they will probably live. It takes about a month to open the wrapping cloth, and it will be really alive after a month, and then don't open it all at once. First, you have to pierce a small opening so that it can have a process of adaptation to the air, and only after a week can it be really opened and transferred to normal maintenance.

Key points of management after grafting:

The management of triangulated plum after grafting is very important. Because grafting is not the goal, only through grafting to develop a variety of different colors of triangular plum varieties, and improve resistance, improve quality, accelerate growth, early flowering, this is the purpose of grafting. If the management is not good or timely, even if they are grafted and survived, all their previous efforts will be wasted in the end. Therefore, we should not only be satisfied with the survival of triangular plum grafting, but also carefully manage the grafted seedlings of triangular plum. The practice is as follows:

Get rid of sprouting:

After grafting and cutting the rootstock, the rootstock grows a lot of sprouting tillers, which grow faster than the grafted buds. In order to ensure the rapid growth of new shoots after grafting, so as not to consume a lot of nutrients, the sprouting tillers on the rootstock should be removed in time. If the sprouting on the rootstock is not removed in time, the sprouting will grow fast, while the scion will grow slowly, and the panicle will gradually stop growing and die because it can not compete with the sprouting on the rootstock. Therefore, the sprouting on the triangulated plum rootstock must be removed. In general, the work of removing sprouting should be carried out for 3 or 4 times or repeated many times, and only when the scion grows vigorously can the sprouting of Prunus mume stop growing.

Unbind:

Plastic straps can maintain humidity and temperature, elastic and tightly tied. The disadvantage is that after a period of time, it will affect the thickening growth of scions and rootstocks. And the plastic does not decay, so such bindings must be released.

Pick the heart from the new tip:

When the grafting between triangulated plum survives and the new tip of scion grows to 30~40cm, it is necessary to pick the heart to control the overgrowth and reduce the wind damage. At the same time, it can also promote the formation and growth of lateral shoots, make their growth neat and consistent, and improve the ornamental value.

Water and fertilizer management:

There should be less watering within a week after grafting, and then timely fertilization and watering should be applied to make the rootstock and scion heal well, grow exuberantly, increase leaf area and promote photosynthesis, so it must be pruned and reshaped many times, and if necessary, appropriate water control and fertilization, and then watering, to make it bloom in a variety of different colors to achieve ornamental effect. This is not only conducive to the growth of the root system, but also balance the growth of the aboveground part and the underground part.

3. Grafting techniques of triangulated plums of different colors:

1. Selection of triangulated plum rootstocks:

It is best to use the well-growing purple blue plum as the rootstock. Choose the perennial healthy, stout, full-growing purple blue plum as the rootstock, let it sprout after planting, and the branches can be grafted after semi-Lignification.

2. The collection and selection of triangulated plum scion is very important, we must pay attention to two points:

(1) strict selection of disease-free branches: in order to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests, healthy, high-quality triangulated plum branches of different colors without diseases and insect pests should be selected.

(2) take cuttings from the best part: when collecting scions, pay attention to collecting branches of different colors of triangular plums where there is sufficient light. Do not pick branches that grow only long or too old in the lower parts as scions. Young or semi-lignified branches that are healthy and sturdy in the current year, with full growth and full buds, and the scions must be grafted with picking. If you want to let go for a day or two, you must soak or refrigerate in clean water.

3. Grafting time and preparation of triangular plum generally speaking, triangular plum can be grafted all the year round, but the survival rate of grafting is different at different times. Spring and summer are the growing season, and the survival rate of grafting is high. Autumn and winter are the flowering season, the nutrition of root system is consumed greatly, the nutrient of crown is out of balance, and the survival rate of grafting is low. Therefore, grafting is generally adopted in spring and summer, as long as the humidity of the scion wound is ensured and the callus grows after the temperature rises, the grafting can survive.

4. Grafting tools and supplies: packing line, newspaper or Kraft paper, plastic straps, plastic film bags, scissors, blades. The knife is required to be sharp, and the knife is not sharp, which not only affects the operation and slows down the speed, but also makes the wound contact between scion and rootstock bad because of uneven cutting, and at the same time increases the death of wound surface cells, thus affecting the survival of grafting.

5. Grafting method for the grafting method of triangulated plum of different colors, the most favorable method for survival of grafting is an ancient and main method-splitting method. The split grafting method is not only beneficial to the survival of grafting, but also can make the interface of the rootstock clamp the scion tightly and is not easy to be broken by the wind. The main points of operation are as follows:

A, rootstock cutting: around an annual purple blue triangulated plum, select the corresponding branches as rootstocks at different levels from low to high, cut off the bark of the rootstock with scissors, and flatten the wound with a blade. Then use a blade to slowly cut about 2-3cm from one side of the rootstock to form a split.

B, scion cutting: using different colors of scion, in order to reduce moisture evaporation of scion, need to cut off the leaves, or cut off more than half and leave a small part, to improve its survival rate. The scion has 2 to 3 buds, and each side of the scion is cut at about 2~3cm to form a wedge, and both sides of the wedge are the same thickness. Note that the cutting surface of the scion should be long and flat, but not too thin. The angle formed after cutting of the scion should be consistent with the angle of the split of the rootstock, so that the calli growing in the cambium of the rootstock and the scion are connected from top to bottom. It is required that the scion and the rootstock are the same thickness, or the rootstock is slightly larger. Otherwise, grafting will be difficult to survive.

C. Joint: pry open the split of the rootstock with a knife or fingernail. Then insert the scion into one side of the split so that the forming layers of both sides are aligned. If you can't aim at both sides, aim outward at the side of the rootstock, or toward the phloem of the rootstock.

Twig split grafting requires that the scion is as thick as the rootstock, so that the cambium of the scion and the left and right sides of the rootstock are basically connected. When joining, do not insert all the wounds of the scion into the split, but expose more than 0.5cm, which is conducive to healing. If all the wound parts of the scion are inserted into the cleft, on the one hand, the upper and lower cambium is not correct, on the other hand, the healing surface forms a pimple in the lower part of the cleft, resulting in poor healing in the later stage, which affects the life span. A variety of scions of different colors can be grafted on multiple rootstocks of a purple-blue plum.

D, bandaging: after joining, wrap it with a plastic strip with a width of about 1.5cm and a length of about 30cm. When bandaging, wrap the split, the wound and the exposed part of the wound tightly, and bind it tightly. Then tie it up with a plastic bag and wrap it in newspaper or Kraft paper to avoid direct sunlight. It will take about two weeks to know whether it will survive or not.

Fourth, the video of the abdominal connection of Chinese chestnut:

5. Grafting technique of Castanea mollissima

Time: from mid-April to early May, the best time is for trees to leave their bark. When the sap of the rootstock begins to sprout and the bark is easy to peel off, it begins to proceed before the scion germinates. The survival rate of grafting before scion germination was more than 95%, and that of grafting after germination was 55%.

Cutting stock: cut off the rootstock at 10 ~ 20 cm above the ground, and cut the cut smooth with a knife.

Scion cutting: the lower end of a 3 cm long horseear-shaped long slope, the back of the left, middle and right back is a sword head-shaped small slope, the length is 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm, the upper part of the small face and the large face should be gently cut off the epidermis to expose the green skin, and the scion is contained in the mouth to prevent the surface tannin from being oxidized to form a thin film, which is not conducive to interface healing and water evaporation.

Grafting: cut the bark of the stock longitudinally with a grafting knife, reaching to the xylem, gently pry open the cortex, then insert the cut scion, with a large oblique facing inward close to the xylem, and the upper part of the slope exposed 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm. The rootstock with a diameter of 2 ~ 3 cm can insert 2 ~ 3 scions.

Binding: after the scion is inserted into the rootstock, the scion is fastened with a plastic strip about 3 cm wide. The plastic strip should be wrapped 3-5 cm above the cross section of the rootstock into a cylinder, and a handful of soil is casually loaded into the empty cylinder and pressed by hand, so that the interface humidity is maintained, the scion is not dehydrated, and the scion is fixed with soil.

Management after grafting:

Remove the sprouting and remove the male and female inflorescences. Wipe off the sprouting branches on the rootstock under the interface in time to remove early, small and small.

Untie the support. Generally, about 2 months after grafting, the plastic strip is untied according to the growth situation, and then wound around the interface to protect the scion. At the same time, it is fixed with bamboo pole.

VI. Skin grafting

If the joint diameter of the rootstock is more than 3 cm, bark grafting can be used. Skin grafting is also called subcutaneous grafting. The specific operations are as follows:

The scion is sealed with wax and cut a Mal-shaped face 5 cm from the lower end. The knife entry is steeper. The upper part is flattened down into the xylem 1/2, and the back is not cut, only the head is sharpened.

The rootstock is cut or sawed flat. If the rootstock is too thick, it will be sawed off first and then cut flat. Pull a knife longitudinally in the smooth part of the bark of the rootstock, go deep into the xylem and grow 1m / 2cm, then insert the scion into the cambium of the longitudinal incision, the bark will naturally split and tighten the scion on both sides, and the upper part of the interface scion will expose a wound of about 0.5 cm. Bind it with a plastic strip that is about 4cm wide and 40cm long. Fasten the scion firmly, and wrap all the cutting wounds of the rootstock and scion strictly. In case the water evaporates from the wound.

Wang Shunfeng's experience of grafting triangulated plum

1. In Taiwan, I will pick up Bougainvillea in all seasons. The survival rate, and the environment and temperature have a decisive impact. For trees with a diameter of more than ten centimeters, I have to take 20--30 buds at a time. For those with bad luck, I can make up 1--2 buds at most. Winter also according to the connection, place the seat to avoid cold wind, there is sunshine as live. Now there is a kind of constant temperature shed, after connecting, do not cover the bag directly into the constant temperature shed, sprout directly push out.

2. If new varieties are found outside and the buds are picked back, I will not use cuttings, but will pick them up. Do you know why? The cuttings don't match the medium and die in a few days. The rootstock is planted alive, there is no soil problem, the water absorption gland is aligned, and the bud will live when the water passes.

3. Grafting is simpler than cutting. I use grafting for the new seeds I pick back.

4. It is recommended to bag cuttage after abdominal grafting; cuttage or planting after grafting, and remove thorns when cuttage.

5. Graft insertion is used on other plants, so I apply it to Bougainvillea.

6, the weather is cold to connect the thick bud, the weather is hot to connect the finer bud faster to survive.

7. There is an elastic Nomi tape that directly entangles the cutting interface and scion, and it is convenient to directly penetrate the Nomi tape during germination.

8, pick varieties, choose a dark color varieties with a few light-colored line is very good-looking, the color is too light no features should choose to give up.

9, green bud scion to grow well for a few weeks green bud best. Branches are more active within a year. More than a year is also very good to live. But take spring for example. Green bud grafting is preferred during growth period.

10. Watering every day when the weather warms up but it is not necessarily wet. I'd do that. The survival rate is very good. Often 100%.

I went to hook it up for a friend who has a root at the bottom. He doesn't water. The soil in the basin was dry. The survival rate is less than 30%. But he still insists that it's okay if you don't water the bottom of the basin. Different ideas. A good hand cannot do good. I'm not gonna help him.

11. The buds I cut must not be soaked in water. Whether it's fresh or not, it's just in a spray bag. When the temperature is high, spray a few times. Before you use it, spray a few times to seal the bag. It'll be fine for a few days as long as it's in the shade.

12. Scion can be cut into a straight line and an oblique shoulder. Both sides can also be tapered. The greater the contact area, the better the alignment of cortical parts, and the greater the difference in thickness, the better for one side.