Cultivation and planting skills of Flower Sunflower

Malvaceae, genus Malvaceae. [morphology] annual herbs, plant height 90 Murray 150 cm, much branched. The leaves are alternate, the leaf margin is irregularly crenate, pilose or nearly smooth, the lower leaf is nearly cordate and the upper leaf is angular. Flowers solitary leaf axils, rose or red, about 10 cm in diameter, 5 petals, clawed. The florescence is from May to June. The seeds are round and reniform, weighing 6.8 grams per thousand seeds.

[varieties, forms and varieties] there are dwarf species, with a plant height of 60mm, a flower diameter of 6cm and a round cluster of plants.

[Origin and distribution] originated from Spain and North Africa.

[habit] can withstand cold, but most of them died of-10 ℃ low temperature, which is rare in Shanghai. Where Xiangyang drainage is good, the requirement of soil is not strict.

[reproduction] it was sown in the open field seedbed in September.

[cultivation] after a single transplant, the seedlings were planted in the garden at the end of October and the beginning of November. Before the severe cold came, the seedlings should grow into large seedlings and enhance their cold resistance. Easy to manage, but should be covered in case of severe low temperature.

[seed] when the sepals turn brown, they can be harvested. Generally, when most of the divided fruits are ripe, they can be harvested once and dried and threshed in the sun.

[use] it is an excellent flower bed, flower border material, and can also be used as a large potted plant or a green tree altar gap.

High-yield cultivation techniques of sunflower in open field in South China

This kind of plant is called "wild hibiscus" in many areas, and its image and appearance are really beautiful. The following is mainly about the key points of successful cultivation techniques of introducing southern sunflower in Songxi County.

First, the characteristics of sunflower

1. Morphological characteristics

Golden flower sunflower is an annual herb of the genus okra of Malvaceae. From July to September every year, each plant blossoms 30Mel 60, Corolla diameter 13-16cm, each flower weighs about 6g, solitary in the upper leaf axilla, Corolla golden, main branch and lateral branch all blossom and bear fruit, fruit horn has 5 edges, the outer surface of the fruit horn is white villi, which is wrapped in a slightly smaller than mung bean sauce brown seeds, shaped like a pig waist, each fruit horn has 80rel 120 seeds.

two。 Growth characteristics

Golden sunflower is resistant to drought, barren, high temperature and cold, and has lax requirements on soil, strong ecological adaptability, strong growth, strong disease resistance and good yield. After planting, it can grow normally when the temperature is above 18 ℃. Direct seeding in southern open field from April to early May, the temperature is above 20 ℃, it can emerge in more than 10 days, it can be put on the market as vegetables in 60-70 days, and sunflower seeds mature from the end of September to early October.

3. The value of Golden Flower

Sunflower is used as both medicine and food, and the content of bioflavonoids is as high as 6%, which is nearly 100 times higher than that of ginkgo biloba and soybeans, which are widely used in the production of bioflavonoids, and is the highest in known plant resources. It contains full protein, high polysaccharide gum, dietary fiber and trace elements selenium, zinc, iron and so on. It can significantly regulate human endocrine and immunity, enhance human resistance, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-cancer, reduce blood sugar, blood lipid function.

Flowers and fruits are rich in natural estrogen, which can prolong female puberty and reduce or avoid menopausal syndrome in middle-aged and elderly women. Sunflower fruit can be listed as a delicious vegetable; sunflower tea, sunflower wine and cosmetics made from flowers and leaves have higher economic value, and planting sunflower has high economic value and broad market prospects.

2. Cultivation techniques

1. Select land and rectify the bed

The root system of sunflower is well developed, so the fields with deep tillage layer, fertile soil and convenient drainage and irrigation should be selected, and the low-lying land prone to waterlogging should not be planted. The cultivation site of Songxi County is located next to Zhaoshajia Reservoir in Huaqiao Township, where the soil has deep plough layer, middle and upper fertility, loose soil, sufficient light, good drainage and irrigation, and the soil is sandy loam. Before planting, the soil was deeply turned over to make a bed, with a width of 1.2 meters, a width of 20cm, and a height of 15-20cm.

two。 Sowing at the right time

The whole growth period of sunflower is about 130 days, and the suitable sowing time in northern Fujian is from late March to early May, and our sowing date in 2015 is March 20 Mel 25 days. The germination rate of sunflower seeds is higher. In order to further improve the germination rate, full and full seeds are selected, soaked in 20-25 ℃ warm water for 12 hours before sowing, then dried, germinated at 25-30 ℃ for 48 hours, and sowed when half of the seeds are white. The amount of seeds per mu is about 500g.

3. Seedling stage management

Use nutrition bowl to raise seedlings, choose 72-hole plastic seedling tray of specification 25cm*50cm, fill 2/3 nutrient soil in each hole, drench it with water, then sow, sow one grain in each hole, cover nutrient soil after sowing, and spray a small amount of water to achieve nutrient soil moisturizing. Then cover a layer of film, wait for about 70% of the seedlings, remove the film, use a small arch shed for heat preservation after sowing, do not uncover the film in the first 10 days, and do not cover the film during the next 20 days.

4. Reasonable close planting

When the seedlings grow into two to three leaves and one core, the seedlings should be planted. Before planting, the land should be set up, ploughed and turned in the sun, and the base fertilizer should be put down. First, herbicides were used to control weeds, and double-row planting was adopted. The planting density was row spacing 50cm and plant spacing 30cm, with about 3100 plants per 667m.

5. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) fertilization management: fertilization is mainly based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. Vegetable garden soil and other farm manure 750kg N, P, K 15 compound fertilizer 25kg were applied per mu. Topdressing is mainly farm manure, one fertilizer is applied after each picking, a large amount of fertilizer is needed at full flowering, topdressing should be combined with irrigation, and drainage should be paid attention to in heavy rain to avoid plant waterlogging.

(2) Water management: the sunflower plant is tall and needs more water, so it should be watered once after emergence and setting seedlings, and the soil should be watered frequently during flowering and fruit setting period, especially when the high temperature weather in July-August is in the peak period of fruit harvest, and the water supply should be maintained, but when Rain Water is too much, it should be drained in time to prevent seedling death caused by waterlogging.

(3) Intermediate ploughing, weeding and soil cultivation: the root system of sunflower is particularly well developed. in order to promote the growth of its root system, it should be ploughed many times before budding, and after each topdressing and irrigation after budding, the soil should be properly ploughed to prevent soil consolidation. Combined with ploughing, weeds should be removed in time to avoid grass shortage. Soil cultivation should be carried out before the plant is closed to prevent lodging in times of strong wind and heavy rain.

(4) Plant arrangement: grasp the principle of ventilation and light transmission, properly cut off the basal lateral branches and remove the old leaves when the plant branches and leaves are too luxuriant. If the vegetative growth is too prosperous in the early stage, we can twist the leaves and twist the petiole into a curved sag to control the vegetative growth; in the middle and later stages of growth, the old leaves below the tender fruits have been harvested in time, which can improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce nutrient consumption. it can also prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests.

6. Pest control

Golden sunflower has few diseases and relatively many insect pests, such as tigers, aphids, borer and a small number of thrips in seedling stage and flowering and fruiting stage. Diseases and insect pests are mainly controlled by agricultural and physical control, and comprehensive control is carried out. Agricultural control measures are mainly crop rotation, cultivation of strong seedlings, deep ploughing, scientific fertilization, etc.; physical control is mainly the use of lighting, color trapping, artificial capture of pests and so on. When the damage is serious, chemical control can be used. When red spiders occur, 40% chrysanthemum EC 2000-3000 times can be used to control aphids, and 1.8% avermectin EC 3000 times can be used to control aphids. The use of pesticides is prohibited 20 days before harvest to ensure the safety of sunflower.

7. Harvesting and storage

It takes about 50 cents and 60 days from sowing to the formation of the first tender fruit. The whole harvest period is about 3 months. The whole body of sunflower is covered with treasures, especially the flowers should be harvested in time. Generally, flowers that have just opened are mainly planted in Songxi County. Flowers can be harvested in early June and dried in time after harvest. The seeds were harvested in late August and dried in time after harvest, which is convenient for storage and seed retention.

The above are the key points of the cultivation techniques of Jinhua sunflower. Welcome to HuiNong network to learn the technology with the vast number of farmers.