Cultivation and planting techniques of Kochia mandshurica

[alias] broomgrass, green broom.

Chenopodiaceae, Chenopodiaceae.

[morphology] an annual erect herb, 50ml / 100cm tall, with many and dense branches, pubescent. Leaves alternate, strip-shaped, extremely narrow, 3-5 cm long, with a large number of leaves; perianth red and brownish red. Flowers small, bisexual or female, usually solitary or two rescued in leaf axils, integrated sparse spikes. Utricle oblate, enclosed in perianth. It contains one seed, which weighs 1.09 grams per thousand.

The shape of this variety is more round and dense than that of the original species, the leaves are thinner and the perianth is red when fresh.

[Origin and distribution] Origin of Asia and Europe.

[habit] is not cold-resistant, but alkali-resistant soil, drought-resistant, soil requirements are not strict, but generally prefer sunny, fertile loose soil. Can sow and reproduce itself.

[reproduction] it was sown in the open field seedbed in early April and germinated quickly and neatly.

[cultivation] after interseedling, the seedlings were transplanted once and planted in the garden at the beginning of June with a plant distance of 40m / 60cm. The requirement of fertilizer and water is not strict, and it is resistant to rough management.

[seed collection] those with correct plant shape were selected. After most of the utricle perianth turned red, the whole plant was cut, dried and threshed in the sun.

[use] seed oil content is 15%, which is used for edible and industrial use. The whole plant and seeds are used as medicine to clear dampness-heat and diuresis. Young stems and leaves are edible. The plant can be dried to make a broom.

Conditions and key points of cultivation techniques for planting potted vegetables

Potted vegetables should be planted in greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and other protected areas, and the tuyere and doorway should be sealed with an anti-insect net. Should be equipped with micro-spraying or tap watering facilities. Choose and buy flowerpots of appropriate size, you can choose plastic flowerpots, mud pots or wooden pots, especially valuable varieties can also choose purple sand pots and colored glaze ceramic pots, potted leeks can choose foam boxes, but mud pots should be covered with a plastic pot when they are sold. The following principles should be followed in the selection of matrix, fertilizers and pesticides.

1. The matrix used must be cleaned and thoroughly disinfected. Comprehensive nutrition, no diseases and insect pests. Generally choose peat, vermiculite, perlite, mushroom waste and clean river sand as the matrix.

two。 Try not to use chemical fertilizers, use more organic fertilizers such as hemp dregs and peanut cakes, and can also be made with fermented bacteria and fully mature organic manure with cow and sheep manure as the main raw material.

3. The use of certain microorganisms, such as rhizobia, photosynthetic bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, is allowed to promote the full utilization of nutrients in vegetables through the activities of these beneficial bacteria.

4. The use of chemical pesticides is not allowed, and plant and mineral biological pesticides are allowed to control diseases and insect pests.

Select crops and varieties suitable for potted plants

Fruit vegetables: colored sweet pepper, dwarf tomato, cherry tomato, hard fruit tomato, ornamental eggplant, small chili, pocket watermelon and all kinds of pumpkin, melon, zucchini, okra and fragrant eggplant.

Colorful vegetables: leaf beet, all kinds of lettuce, purple back sunflower, perilla, purple sunflower and kale and so on.

Green leaf health vegetables: lettuce, parsley, Panax notoginseng, skin, Beijing water vegetables, pearl vegetables, kale, basil, leaf wolfberry, leek and vegetable jute and so on.

Root vegetables: fennel, cherry radish, fruit turnip, turnip, miniature radish and carrot.

Key points of cultivation techniques

Arrange the suitable sowing time: arrange the sowing and planting date according to the growth period and consumer demand, so that the planted varieties can be sold in holidays and tourist seasons.

Adjust the appropriate temperature, light and humidity: fruits and leafy vegetables require different temperature and humidity. It should be planted separately and managed according to different temperature, humidity and light.

Timely pruning: vegetables are required not only to grow well, but also to be beautiful and artistic, dwarf crops should be pruned in time to remove yellow leaves, tomatoes, melons and fruits should be made of bamboo or steel bars to build frames of various shapes. To make it climb and grow.

Fertilizer and water management should be scientific: using tasteless organic fertilizer, timely watering and water control, so that its root system is developed, the growth is strong, and the result is good.

Family Flower cultivation and planting skills in April

April is an important month for flower friends, it is an important time to plant flowers and plants seeds, and the care of flowers and plants in April is also very important.

Courtyard floral arrangement

(1) the species of flowers suitable for courtyard display are in the south of Jianghuai, and a considerable number of potted ornamental plants will be available for courtyard display after Ching Ming Festival. Such as southern fir, camellia, five-needle pine, vertical silk begonia, stick stem begonia, cycad, king coconut, palm bamboo, fish tail sunflower, loose-tailed sunflower, Canadian jujube, Luohan pine, crane orchid, rubber tree, tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, smile, southern bamboo, one-leaf orchid, yew, red maple, green peach, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, star anise plate, cymbidium, palm tree, peach leaf coral and so on. The courtyards in the northern region can display black pine, white pine, brocade pine, round cypress, spruce, yew, Jimei, beauty plum, broad leaf ten merit, Huashan pine, Budi coconut, palm, European dwarf palm, Chilean wine coconut and so on.

(2) the reproduction of courtyard flowers. The species of courtyard flowers suitable for sowing in April are: drunken butterfly, cockscomb, impatiens, a string of red, thousand-day red, Xiaoli, marigold, chrysanthemum, longevity flower, petunia, goldfish grass, red chrysanthemum, skin and so on. The courtyard woody flowers suitable for sowing in April are Magnolia, Michelia, Magnolia, red maple, seven-leaf tree, camellia; others are wisteria, Chimonanthus, Chimonanthus, Phyllostachys pubescens, Fuguizi and so on. The seeds stored in sand are suitable for sowing when the seeds just crack. Seeds with hard seed shells, such as Chimonanthus praecox, wisteria, Acacia, Bauhinia, Liriodendron, etc., can be soaked in cold water for 24 to 36 hours before sowing. The seeds of star anise gold plate can be sown as they are picked when they mature at the end of April. Milk eggplant can be sown and raised seedlings in a plastic shed in April. Bulb flowers, late fragrant jade, gladiolus, dahlia, etc., can be planted at this time.

two。 Cutting from south to north, most of the easy-to-root flowers and trees whose leaf buds have not yet germinated can be cut, such as broad-leaf ten merit, star anise gold plate, yellow poplar, southern bamboo, sticking begonia, plum blossom (palace powder and green calyx, etc.), Luohansong, pomegranate, crape myrtle, pyracantha, Spiraea, rose and other varieties. Chrysanthemums can also be cut at this time.

3. The flowers and trees that can be reproduced by grafting in April are: peach leaf coral, golden marbles, on female plants such as Ginkgo biloba, grafting branches of flowering male plants can contribute to fruit and avoid the trouble of pollination year after year. Woody flowers such as Tripterygium, Xifu Begonia, Wintersweet, Dragon claw Robinia pseudoacacia, blue peach, sweet-scented osmanthus, red maple, Michelia, Magnolia, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling and other woody flowers can also be grafted in April. In addition, in the south, crab claw orchid, golden mackerel, peony and so on can also be grafted at this time.

4. The courtyard flowers that can be propagated by ramets in April are as follows: ten meritorious plants, ten broad-leaved flowers, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Begonia, Yingchun, pomegranate, figs, Magnolia, plantains, canna, dahlia, iris, spring orchids, onion orchids, lotus flowers, water lilies and so on.

5. The courtyard flowers and trees that can be reproduced by striping in April are: plum blossom, wax plum, red maple, gardenia, Michelia, camellia, Luohan pine, sweet-scented osmanthus, pedicel begonia and so on.

(3) Management of courtyard flowers and trees 1. Management of flowers and trees planted in the courtyard (1) transplanting flowers and trees in the courtyard this month is the best time for transplanting flowers and trees in the courtyard, whether deciduous or evergreen, as long as the leaf buds are not unfolded or the shoots are not long, they can be transplanted with soil balls, such as Magnolia, camphor, Michelia, ginkgo, white magnolia, seven-leaf tree, heather, persimmon, wax plum, plum blossom, red leaf plum, red maple, etc., the diameter of soil ball is about 6 to 7 times the diameter of tree trunk. And depending on the damage of the root system, cut off some branches and leaves as appropriate to reduce foliar transpiration. When transplanting the sprouted plants, the diameter of the soil ball should be increased, and the branches and leaves should be cut at the same time. Do not transplant plum blossoms after leaf development, otherwise it is easy to lead to poor growth or death. Peony and peony are not allowed to be transplanted in spring. Ground-planted grass flowers such as calendula, cherry cherry, impatiens, a string of red, hundred-day grass (4 to 5 true leaves), petunia, turnip grass, goldfish grass, iris, onion orchid, flower leaf Ophiopogon, Hosta, book belt grass, Ophiopogon japonicus, auspicious grass, etc., can also be transplanted at this time.

(2) after pruning, the plants such as Chimonanthus, Plum Blossom, Admiralty, Peach Blossom, Ying Chun, etc., are shrunk from the base of the flowering branches, and the appearance of the tree is adjusted. For flowering shrubs planted in places such as Bauhinia, Tripterygium, Tripterygium, Tangdi, papaya, Hubei Begonia, Michelia, Chimonanthus, Prunus mume, etc., it is appropriate to trim long branches, irregular branches, inner bore branches, thin branches, disease and insect branches, etc., in order to form a good flowering plant shape.

(3) fertilization, whether evergreen flowers or deciduous shrubs, as long as they have not yet sprouted and shoots, a circular ditch can be dug outside the root system and retted organic fertilizer (cake fertilizer) or compound fertilizer can be applied, 0.5 to 1 kg per plant.

(4) cut off the branches and leaves on the plant that have been infected with disease and insect pests, remove the dead branches and leaves from the ground, and concentrate on destroying them. For Rosaceae flowers and trees that are susceptible to diseases, such as rose, tapestry crabapple, weeping begonia, western begonia, papaya, pear, etc., Bordeaux solution should be sprayed in time to prevent the occurrence of rust and brown spot.

two。 Management of potted flowers in the courtyard (1) changing pots for plants that have not yet changed pots in March but whose leaf buds have just sprouted but have not yet spread their leaves can be changed in April, and do not break off the persistent soil or prune the roots too much when changing pots, such as ginkgo, Nanyang fir, golden pine, Luo Han pine, black pine, golden pine, five-needle pine, Osaka pine, Galo wood, pomegranate, crape myrtle, etc.; generally do not change pots for plum blossom plants after leaf expansion.

(2) the seedlings of the rich trees in the southern region can be dug up at this time, hang them out for 1 to 2 days, let them lose part of their moisture, and then braid the stems of odd plants of 3, 5 and 7 into braids, and then press them with heavy objects to fix their shape. and then choose a suitable pot for planting.

The white orchid can not be cut indiscriminately, its branches have a large pith, and a dead branch will appear under the cut after pruning, so the cut should be at least 5 cm away from the retained buds.

For the triangular maple bonsai, it can not be pruned at this time, otherwise a large amount of injured fluid will be produced, which will cause the branch to wither under the shearing mouth and affect the normal growth of the branch.

The ornamental plants suitable for modeling in April are: Luohan pine, June snow, Cuibai, real cypress, banyan tree, ginkgo, five-needle pine, black pine, Garo wood, vertical silk begonia, velvet cypress, elm nut, Finch, bayberry, oak, white wax, red nan, weeping spear, plum blossom and so on. For pine bonsai, the male and female cones should be erased in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients.

(3) watering the potted flowers and trees that come out of the house in April should increase the amount of water to promote the plants to shoot and spread their leaves as soon as possible. For five-needle pine, black pine, brocade pine, red pine and other bonsai, it is required to control watering, see more sunlight, do not make its needles grow too long, it is appropriate to do not dry, less watering and more spraying. In the southern region, cycads should also be "deducted from water" to prevent the newly extracted leaves from being too long to affect the ornamental. For camellia, rhododendron, poinsettia (plants that change pots after shearing), as well as epiphyllum, arrow lotus, plum blossom, magnolia, jasmine, kumquat, etc., special attention should be paid to controlling the amount of watering, so as not to cause root rot caused by stagnant water in the basin.

(4) fertilization is suitable for rose, camellia, plum blossom, wax plum, rhododendron, spring orchid, cymbidium, orchid, etc., because after flowering, the root system begins to produce tender fibrous roots, and the concentration of fertilization should not be too high. If the concentration of cake fertilizer and water is about 10%, 0.2% to 0.3% of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be used. If the concentration of topdressing is too high, it will damage the young fibrous roots. A small amount of retting solid organic fertilizer or multi-component quick-acting compound granular fertilizer can also be applied to different parts of potted flowers.

(5) for potted orchids to prevent disease and pests, when leaving the room, it is necessary to carefully check whether there are scale insects on the leaves of the plants, and spray Bordeaux solution or mancozeb on the plants to prevent the occurrence of leaf diseases. For pine and cypress, hammer elm, wood, sparrow plum, plum blossom, triangle maple and other stump bonsai, the branches and leaves of diseased insects can be removed and burned at the same time, the exposed xylem on the trunk can be smeared with stone sulfur mixture and other antiseptic. For potted plants previously infected with whitefly and scale insects, such as daidai, kumquat, lemon, gardenia, camellia, etc., omethoate and other pesticides should be sprayed in time after leaving the room.

(1) the species of potted flowers suitable for indoor display are still in bloom in April, suitable for indoor display are: Camellia, lotus, Flukao, European spring primrose, lotus, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, peony (flowering plant), golden lotus, pansy, Cartland (spring flower), Dendrobium (spring flower), crane orchid, cherry, freesia, daffodil, safflower calla, tulip, rose, cymbidium and so on. The foliage plants are: one-leaf orchid, southern fir, cycad, gold coin tree, cinnamon, rubber tree, Saxifraga variegata, Qin leaf banyan, golden heart Brazilian iron, wine bottle orchid, green apple, tortoise back bamboo, cherry angel, brown bamboo, asparagus, tiger tail orchid, purple back evergreen, pineapple, peach leaf coral, star anise gold plate and so on.

(2) the breeding of flowers on the balcony carries on the reproduction of flowers on the balcony, generally in the flowerpot, the number is relatively small. Because the balcony wind is big, the humidity is small and so on special reason, the management wants to be troublesome, but as long as careful, still can carry on some small amount of reproduction, for own potted plant or gift flower friend.

1. If a small amount of asparagus and magnolia seeds are collected, it is feasible to plant them in pots. In the colder northern areas, they should be placed indoors until the outdoor temperature reaches 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ before moving to the balcony. In addition, you can also plant a small amount of red, marigold, thousand-day red, primrose, winter coral, petunia, cockscomb, impatiens and so on on the balcony to decorate the balcony and interior when blooming, so that your surrounding environment blossoms continuously, like spring all the year round.

two。 Cuttings on the balcony generally can only breed a small number of flower species in large flowerpots. The cutting substrate can use clean sandy soil, fine sand, vermiculite or perlite and so on. My personal experience is that it is better to use the mixture of rice chaff and fine sand in the proportion of 1 ∶ 1 as the balcony basin. The ornamental plant species suitable for cutting propagation on the balcony in April are: bergamot (south), Fusang, geranium, rose pomegranate, poinsettia, rubber tree, jasmine, magnolia, red back cinnamon, bamboo, eight immortal flowers, lobular rosewood, Galo wood, miniature rose, hot thorn, true cypress, juniper, peach leaf coral, smile, star anise gold plate and so on. Evergreen category to cut off as many leaves as possible, after the cutting is finished with plastic film to protect the moisture, the northern area can be placed in front of the indoor sunny window to avoid freezing.

3. Grafting on the balcony is more difficult than in the courtyard. It must plant the rootstock in the basin the year before and require it to grow healthily in order to facilitate the survival of grafting. The flowers and trees that can be grafted on the balcony in April are: ① branch grafted red maple, five-needle pine (north), rose, golden billiard, coral of golden peach leaf, wax plum (big wheat bud), Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, green peach, etc.; ② depends on grafted wintersweet, sweet-scented osmanthus and so on. Bagging and moisturizing should be given to branch grafting in order to improve the survival rate of grafting. Crab claw orchid, golden mackerel, peony, etc., can also be grafted on the balcony or indoors at this time.

4. This is the most common way to propagate flowers on the balcony. From south to north in April, when the outdoor temperature reaches 10 ℃ to 15 ℃, the flower species that can be propagated on the balcony are: Magnolia, Magnolia, Iris, Bamboo, Magnolia, Cymbidium, Cycas, Orchid, Hosta, Begonia, Pineapple, Orchid, Palm Bamboo, Pearl Orchid, Taro, tequila, Kidney Fern, Umbrella, White Crane and so on. It is worth noting that the tiller buds stripped from the mother plant, including cycad, pineapple, magnolia, etc., the plants with roots can be put on the pot directly, and the sub-plants without roots should be buried in the moist fine sand to promote their roots, and only after they germinate better roots can they be planted in culture soil, otherwise it is easy to cause seed rot and lead to ramet failure. In addition, if the root system of the cut sub-plant is not ideal, in addition to applying plant ash, charcoal shavings and sulfur powder at the cut, some branches and leaves should be cut off properly, so as to maintain the balance between root water absorption and leaf transpiration water. in order to ensure the success of ramet reproduction. For the gentleman orchid, pineapple, etc., after planting, you can also cover it with plastic bags and open it every 1 to 2 days to give ventilation to increase the humidity of the local space, which is very important for balcony flowers and trees. For the leafless and rootless tillering buds stripped from the mother plant of cycad, a dark environment was created, which was beneficial to its rooting and leafing.

5. The ornamental plants that can be propagated under high pressure on the balcony in April are: Pinus elliottii, rubber tree, red maple, Michelia, camellia, Magnolia (south), rhododendron, wax plum, plum blossom, Milan (south) and so on. If the ABT rooting powder (No. 1 or No. 2) solution from 100ppm to 200ppm is smeared on the peeling wound of the branch ring, and then covered with mud moss, it is beneficial to the healing of the girdling site.

(3) Management of potted flowers on the balcony 1. Change the basin regardless of the south and the north, as long as the temperature on the balcony reaches 10 ℃ to 15 ℃, most of the potted flowers can be moved to the balcony, but there should be a process of exercise and adaptation before leaving the room. Whether evergreen or deciduous, pots can be changed as long as the potted plants have not germinated or sprouted slightly. Generally, small potted plants change soil once a year, and large potted plants change pots every 2 to 3 years. The common flowers and trees that can be changed in April are: Magnolia, Milan, Zhulan, jasmine, rubber tree, tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, camellia, plum blossom, wax plum, begonia, gentleman orchid, one-leaf orchid, Nanyang fir, goose palm wood, triangular plum, beautiful needle sunflower and so on. In general, when changing the basin, it is necessary to delete some etiolated or disshaped branches and leaves, and cut off part of the aging or rotten roots. White orchids change pots and even pick most of the remaining old leaves to promote the emergence of new leaves.

The potted grass flowers that can be potted on the balcony in April are: five-color pepper, petunia, marigold, beautiful cherry, diamond grass, Zhu Dinghong (bulb), iris, marigold, dahlia, taro and so on.

two。 Pruning for rhododendron, camellia, etc., it is necessary to pick the residual flowers and abortive buds in time after flowering, and slightly cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests and irregular branches. for the plants after flowering, such as Chimonanthus, plum blossom, green peach, golden bell, etc., the annual branches retain only 1 cm to 2 cm of the base, and the rest are cut off. For pineapple, Cymbidium, etc., the stump should be cut off in time after the flower fails, and the pot should be changed again. The pedicel cutting of the orchid should be especially careful, a little carelessly can easily cause a rotten heart of the plant, the method is: the potted soil stops watering for a week for its hair to dry, after cutting off the mutilated flower pot, do not let the juice from the wound flow into the leaf tube, you can put the flowerpot obliquely in advance, control watering, and then correct the flowerpot after the wound is dried, so as to avoid dirty Rain Water and dirty water from pouring into the leaf tube, so that the residual flower pot shrinks and wilts naturally.

3. Water the potted flowers on the balcony in April to keep the potted soil moist, spray more water, and control watering, because the temperature is still low at this time, do not cause the plant to rot because of too much watering. When the temperature rises to about 20 ℃, then increase the amount of water, usually once a day. Among them, a small number of potted flowers left indoors can be sprayed with cold boiled water, but the residual tea dregs can not be poured into the flowerpot.

4. Fertilizer balcony potted flowers fertilization should be very careful, can not be used with a strong odor of the species, which is not conducive to their own balcony cleaning, but also affect the relationship with neighbors, must not be arbitrary. The balcony can be raised with solid particles of organic fertilizer dried after ripening, as well as long-term multi-component compound granular fertilizer, bar fertilizer, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. The general principles are: giving consideration to both nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, applying thin fertilizer frequently, using both inorganic and organic fertilizers, and avoiding raw fertilizer, thick fertilizer and large fertilizer.

5. In the middle and late April of disease and pest control, adults of whitefly will appear on dai dai, kumquat, bergamot and other plants, which can be killed by spraying low concentration of insecticide, permethrin and other pesticides. For foliage plants, such as one-leaf orchid, rubber tree, cycad and other plants, a small number of scale insects parasitic on them should be wiped off with wet cloth or adhesive tape in time. For rose plants, Bordeaux solution can be sprayed every half a month to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as black spot.