How does Dryopteris reproduce

Dryopteris can be propagated by ramets and spores. Ramet should be carried out when changing pots in spring. When ramet, take the mother plant out of the basin, pick open the rhizome by hand, and divide it into 3-4 clumps, which can be planted separately. Be careful not to damage the root system during operation in order to survive.

In a warm, shady and humid environment, after the spores born on the leaf margin mature, it is very easy to spread on the moist soil to propagate and grow on its own, and can be dug into the basin after the seedlings are formed. Spore reproduction is often used in large-scale reproduction.

Picture: the breeding method of Dryopteris Dryopteris

I. the method of separate plant breeding

Ramet propagation is the longest-used propagation method of Dryopteris. Ramets can generally be carried out indoors in four seasons, but it is most suitable to change pots in early spring.

First of all, several small flowerpots should be prepared and filled with soil; then the mother plant is taken out of the pot, the aging rhizome is cut off, and the plant is divided into several clumps with a knife, requiring each clump to have roots and leaves; finally, the plants are planted in small pots, and then covered with soil around the rhizome, watered and preserved in a cool place.

Picture: Dryopteris fern with spores

2. Spore reproduction

Spore reproduction refers to sprinkling the leaves with spores on the wet soil without covering the soil and using the evaporation of water to promote the growth of the leaves.

The specific methods are as follows: 1. Disinfect peat and fine sand before planting, expose them to the sun or irrigate disinfectants; 2. Then put the soil in a shallow basin and pour enough water. Cut the leaves with spores; 4. Spread the spore-bearing leaves in a shallow basin without covering the soil, cover it with a piece of glass, soak it in water from the bottom of the basin, and keep the soil moist. Put the flowerpot in a 20-25 ℃ semi-shady environment, new leaves can grow in about a month, and after the pot is full, it can be planted and transplanted.

Picture: Dryopteris Dryopteris

The above is the introduction of the breeding methods of Dryopteris, I hope it can be helpful to everyone!

Adiantum capillus-veneris L. How to raise and propagate Adiantum capillus-veneris fern. Introduction to the culture methods and matters needing attention of Dryopteris (scientific name: Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn.) is a perennial evergreen herb, also known as clematis, girls' hair, clematis, water pig hairy soil. Its light green thin leaves with jet-black and shiny petioles are particularly elegant and elegant. 0.1-0.5 meters high. It is named Dryopteris Dryopteris because of its slender stem and color like iron wire. Dryopteris is also an indicator of calcareous soil. Because of its fear of dryness and strong light, it must be placed in a place where there is no direct sunlight for maintenance. There are also many varieties of Dryopteris Dryopteris, such as Dryopteris przewalskii, Dryopteris renifolia and so on. It belongs to the species of the world and is wild in all regions. Dryopteris prefers loose, permeable and fertile calcareous sandy loam, and the cultivated soil can be mixed with loam, rotten leaf soil and river sand. Liquid fertilizer is applied once a week during the growing period, and pay attention to keep the basin soil moist and high air humidity. In the dry season, water can often be sprinkled on the ground around the plant to increase air humidity. The morphological characteristics of Dryopteris Dryopteris are perennial herbs with a height of 15-40 cm. Rhizome slender and transverse, densely covered with brown lanceolate scales. Leaves distal or proximal; stalk 5-20 cm long, ca. 1 mm thick, slender, chestnut black, glossy, base covered with the same scales as on the rhizome, smooth upward, leaf blade ovate-triangular, 10-25 cm long, 8-16 cm wide, tip, base cuneate, mostly bipinnate below middle, odd pinnate above middle Pinnae 3-5 pairs, alternate, oblique upward, stipitate (up to 1.5 cm long), basal pair larger, 4.5-9 cm long, 2.5-4 cm wide, oblong-ovate, obtuse head, odd-pinnate, lateral ultimate pinnae 2-4 pairs, alternate, oblique upward, 6-15 mm apart, equal in size or slightly larger, symmetrical or asymmetric obliquely fan-shaped or subrhomboid at base 1.2-2 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, upper margin rounded, with 2-4 lobes or deeply divided into strips, sterile lobe apex obtusely rounded, with broad triangular serrulate or Erose denticulate, fertile lobe apex truncated, straight or slightly sunken, entire or both sides with Erose denticulate, both sides entire, base tapered into oblique broad cuneate, with ciliate black short stalk (1-2 mm long). Terminal pinnule flabellate, base narrowly cuneate, often larger than lateral pinnules below, stalk up to 1 cm The second pair of pinnae is 2.5-5 cm away from the basal pair, and each pair upward is isomorphic to the basal pair of pinnae and becomes smaller. The veins of the leaves are often dichotomous and bifurcate, reaching the edge, obvious on both sides. The leaves are thin herbaceous, grass-green or brownish green, both sides are glabrous; the leaf rachis, each pinnacle and petiolule are of the same color as the petiole, often slightly zigzag to the left and right. The sporangium group is 3-10 per pinna, which grows on the upper edge of the fertile terminal pinna; the cover of the sporangium is long and long kidney forms a round kidney shape, the upper margin is straight, yellowish green, brown when old, membranous, entire, persistent. The periphery of the spores is decorated with coarse grains and is often preserved after treatment. The ecological habits of Dryopteris are often found on limestone next to Liushui stream or on the bottom of limestone cave and dripping rock wall. It is an indicator plant of calcareous soil, 100-2800 m above sea level, under hillside forest or on rocks in sunny and humid places. Originally wild in the wet rocks of the valley by the stream, like warm, humid and semi-shady environment, cold-resistant, avoid direct sunlight. Like loose, fertile and calcareous sandy loam. Dryopteris prefers loose, permeable and fertile calcareous sandy loam, and the cultivated soil can be mixed with loam, rotten leaf soil and river sand. Liquid fertilizer is applied once a week during the growing period, and pay attention to keep the basin soil moist and high air humidity. In the dry season, water can often be sprinkled on the ground around the plant to increase air humidity. Dryopteris likes bright scattered light and avoids direct sunlight. The light is so strong that the leaves turn yellow and even die. It likes to be warm and cold-tolerant, and the suitable temperature for growth is 13mur22. It can survive the winter safely in Northeast China in winter, and germinate in the following spring. Dryopteris Dryopteris is mainly propagated by ramet. Ramet should be combined with pot change before new buds germinate in spring. Deduct the plants full of pots from the pot, branch off most of the old culture soil, cut off their rhizomes, divide them into two to several clumps, and pot them separately to form unnew plants. In addition, the spores of Dryopteris fern are scattered to reproduce and grow in a warm and humid environment after maturation, and they can also be planted in pots when they grow to a certain extent. Cultivation techniques of Dryopteris Dryopteris cultivation, pot can choose light glaze basin and tile basin; basin soil must have good water permeability and ventilation, generally with humus-rich peat soil or rotten leaf soil, and then add about 1 gray 3 coarse sand and fine sand, and put in some bone powder, and the bottom of the pot should be covered with some broken tiles or coarse sand to facilitate drainage, rhizome planting depth of 1.5 cm 2.5 cm. Plant or turn the pot to change the soil in spring. Humus soil or peat soil is commonly used in potted plants, and a small amount of river sand and base fertilizer are added to form the culture soil. Change the box every spring, do not hurt the root when changing the basin, avoid the wind blowing, and keep the basin soil moist and high air humidity. It can be managed normally after the new branches grow. Bottle cultivation of Dryopteris is best to choose a colorless transparent, flat surface of the square glass bottle, so that the plant will not look out of shape and look good. Mix the peat and fine sand as the cultivation medium and put them in a bottle. It is best to put some old wall ash at the bottom of the bottle, which is more beneficial to the growth of Dryopteris. As long as the culture substrate is 2 to 3 centimeters thick, be careful not to stick the cultivation substrate to the bottle wall. Then use a sharp knife to divide the mother fern plant into several clumps, clip them with chopsticks and plant them carefully in a bottle. Large bottles can grow more than a few clumps, while small bottles can grow fewer clumps. Gently press the place where the plant is in contact with the cultivation substrate, and then water it. Then put the cap on the bottle and put the bottle in a place where there is no direct sunlight. Because the bottle is sealed, it can be watered once a month and fertilized for several months. In order to prevent the inner wall of the bottle from being covered with water fog, in addition to washing thoroughly with washing powder before use, special attention should be paid not to put them in a place with a large temperature difference. After the beginning of autumn, as the temperature drops, the fern enters a slow growth stage, and the old leaves will gradually turn yellow, so they should be cut off. The ambient temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃ throughout the winter. When the weather gets warmer in spring next year, the plant will grow a large number of new leaves, showing a scene of prosperity. Raising Dryopteris in bottle not only saves time and labor, but also does not have to worry about the phenomenon of leaf failure and branch residue caused by not watering on time on a business trip. Under the condition of high humidity in the bottle, the fern plant grows very strong. Put a bottle of iron fern on the coffee table in front of the window. From afar, the glass bottle is crystal clear, and the fern leaves are whirling, just like a green gem shining. Temperature and light Dryopteris prefers a warm, humid and semi-shady environment. The suitable temperature for growth is 21-25 ℃ in daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night. In winter, the leaves can keep fresh green when the temperature is above 5 ℃, but frost injury will occur when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃. Like bright scattered light, afraid of direct sunlight. Summer can be properly shaded, long-term direct light will cause most of the leaves withered and yellow. It should be placed in a dark place indoors, and it can grow normally even if it is placed for 1 year. Watering and fertilizing pteridophyte like the humid environment, the growing season should be fully watered, in addition to keeping the basin soil moist, but also pay attention to high air humidity, and sprinkle water around the plant when the air is dry. Especially in summer, water should be watered 1-2 times a day. If there is a lack of water, it will cause the leaves to shrink. Watering taboo basin soil when dry and sometimes wet, easy to make the leaves yellow. Apply thin liquid fertilizer 2-3 times a month, do not stain the leaves, so as not to cause rotten leaves, because of the calcium-loving habits of Dryopteris, basin soil should add appropriate amount of lime and broken eggshell, the effect of regular application of calcium fertilizer will be better. In winter, we should reduce watering and stop fertilizing. Dryopteris prefers warm and humid environment, is not cold-resistant, drought-resistant, and suitable for acid soil. Potted plants can often be laid flat indoors with scattered light, and they will grow well. The basin soil should be a mixture of mountain forest soil and fertile garden soil. The growing season should be well watered and thin fertilizer should be applied every 2 weeks or so to promote its luxuriant growth. It is appropriate to keep it under the outdoor shade in summer. When the foliage is too dense, the old leaves can be trimmed properly, otherwise the leaves are easy to turn yellow and unsightly. After entering the winter, move it indoors and put it in the place of scattered light, and keep it at room temperature for about 10 ℃ to pass the winter safely. The temperature is low in winter and suffers frost damage from late or early frost. Dryopteris prefers warm and humid climate and is not resistant to cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 15 ~ 24 ℃. If the room temperature is above 10 ℃ in winter, the leaves can stay green, and turn black and yellow when the temperature is less than 5 ℃. Too shady, do not see the sun for a long time. The iron fern is afraid of summer heat and cannot be exposed to the sun, but it cannot be completely shaded. It is best to put it in an outdoor shade shed and under big trees in summer, or move outside at night and back indoors during the day. You should see the light fully in winter. It is sultry and poorly ventilated in summer. The air humidity should be increased and ventilation should be strengthened. Can you keep Dryopteris at home? In order to raise ferns well in the family, we should do the following: ① ferns like warm, humid and semi-shady environment, avoid direct sunlight, and it is best to put the plant in a place where the indoor sun is out of reach. Too much light will cause scorching on the edge of the leaves. The growth is good at the temperature of 10-20 ℃, the high temperature in summer will inhibit the growth, and no less than 5 ℃ in winter can be green all the year round. ② ferns grow in humid environments, and Dryopteris is no exception. In cultivation, in addition to pay attention to keep the soil moist, but also often spray water on the leaves to improve air humidity, plant yellowing, often caused by insufficient humidity. It could also be frostbite. ③ changes the pot once a year in spring, pruning to remove dried leaves and old roots. To replace the basin soil with fresh, fertile and loose rotten leaf soil, it is best to add a small amount of brick shavings. What about the scorched edge of Dryopteris leaves? The leaves of Dryopteris przewalskii are most prone to brown scorched edges, which is a common problem in cultivation. Dryopteris is originally born in wet wall cracks or stone surfaces, and likes to be wet most. Due to the strong light in summer, Dryopteris can not grow normally if it is not placed in a shady environment. Direct sunlight will make the water of the leaves dry quickly, and before the root absorbs the water, some of the cells of the leaves have dried and dehydrated, and the green will gradually fade, so the focal edge will appear. Rescue measures: ① must be cultured in semi-shade immediately. ② cuts off the charred leaves and sprays water on the leaves and the surrounding ground in time. ③ should be carefully maintained to avoid being stimulated by strong light as far as possible. How to make the fern evergreen all the year round? During the growth of ①, it is necessary to fully water and maintain high air humidity. It is necessary to spray water on the branches and leaves 2 or 3 times a day during the peak growing season to keep the leaves dark green. If the water supply is insufficient or the air is dry, the leaves will turn yellow or scorch the hem. ② Dryopteris does not need much fertilizer, generally applying thin pancake fertilizer and water every 2 to 3 weeks. The effect is better if a small amount of calcareous fertilizer can be added. However, it should be noted that the leaves should not be stained when watering and fertilizing, otherwise the leaves will be withered and yellow and the ornamental effect will be affected. Although ③ is a shady plant, it still needs some light in the growing season. In the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, it is best to keep the flowerpot on the east or north windowsill of the room. If you put it outside to cultivate, you must avoid direct sunlight, if you are exposed to strong light, it is very easy to cause the leaf edge to scorch and the leaves to turn yellow. When withered leaves are found in the process of ④ maintenance, the withered leaves should be cut off in time to keep the plants fresh and beautiful and conducive to the germination of new leaves. When the leaves are too dense, the old leaves can be pruned properly every autumn, otherwise the branches and leaves are too cluttered and crowded, it will lead to weak growth and yellow leaves. In winter, ⑤ should keep the flowerpot near the south windowsill and keep the air moist and keep the room temperature above 12 ℃, so that the leaves will grow bright green and lovely. ⑥ Dryopteris grows fast and needs to be changed every spring. Pay attention to the need to add new culture soil when changing the basin. How to breed Dryopteris scientifically? Dryopteris is usually propagated mainly by ramets, which can maintain the parental traits. It is generally carried out when changing the basin in April of the following year, depending on the size of the mother plant, the base of the plant can be divided into one or three for cultivation. In addition, once the mature spores are scattered in the moist soil, they will also develop into seedlings, and when they grow up a little, they will dig up the pot and become new plants. Ramet or spore reproduction is commonly used in the reproduction of Dryopteris Dryopteris: ramet reproduction can be done indoors for four seasons, but it is generally carried out in early spring combined with changing pots. Take the mother plant out of the basin, cut off its rhizome, so that each piece has part of the rhizome and leaves, and then planted in a small basin. New plants can be obtained by covering the rhizome with mixed soil, irrigating and culturing in a damp environment. The method of spore reproduction is to sterilize the peat and fine sand as the substrate in the oven at high temperature to kill germs and weed seeds. Then, put the sterilized soil into a shallow sowing basin. Cut the leaves with mature spores, concentrate the spores and spread them evenly in the shallow sowing basin, do not need to cover the soil, cover them with a piece of glass, soak the basin bottom with water, keep the basin soil moist, and place them in a semi-shady environment of 20 ℃ and 25 met. the spores can germinate into prothalli for about one month and can be divided after the basin is full. Note that the glass on the sowing pot should be removed for ventilation 1-2 days before planting, so as not to cause plant rot or diseases and insect pests. In addition, it is very easy to spread spores to reproduce by themselves in a warm, shady and humid environment. Control of diseases of Dryopteris Dryopteris in potted plants, leaf blight often occurs. Bordeaux solution can be used to control the disease at the initial stage, and 70% methyl topiramate 1000-1500 times solution can be used to control severe cases. If the plant is damaged by scale insects, 40% omethoate 1000 times solution can be used for control. Species classification of Dryopteris Dryopteris the leaves of Dryopteris fan-shaped to irregular broad-ovate, 2-3 palmately branched to birdfoot-shaped bifurcate branches; the central pinna is the largest and the pinnae have a short handle. Dryopteris flagellata, also known as Dryopteris Dryopteris, leaves linear lanceolate, about 10-25 cm long, the tip is often extended into a whip-like, landing roots. Leaf sword oblong, once pinnate or twice torn, upper margin and outer margin often deeply divided into narrow lobes, lower margin straight and entire. The leaves of Dryopteris cuneata are broadly triangular, 2-4-pinnately divided, lobes rhombic or oblong. Dryopteris is distributed in Africa, America, Europe, Oceania and warm regions of Asia. Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Northeast China. Species of the world. It is widely distributed in Africa, America, Europe, Oceania and other warm regions of Asia. The type specimens were collected from Europe (UK). The Dietotherapy or Medicinal value of Dryopteris the medical information and health dietotherapy information of Dryopteris are only for reference and can not be used as the basis of diagnosis and medical treatment. Any health problems should consult professional health care personnel, the treatment of any disease, please follow the doctor's advice. The ultimate task of protecting flowers: to love yourself, proceed from reality and follow the doctor's advice. For disease, do not be careless, do not postpone, do not give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and protect the inner flower field with your heart. Medicinal value: bitter, slightly sweet, flat. ① "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": "warm in nature and slightly sweet in taste." ② "classified herbal medicine": "slightly bitter, flat, non-toxic." ③ Jiangxi Herbal Medicine Handbook: "Gan, Ping, non-toxic." Gui Jing: "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": "entering the liver." Functional indications: dispelling wind, activating collaterals, antipyretic, hemostatic, myogenic. Treatment of rheumatic pruritus, hemiplegia, hemiplegia, hematemesis, fall, knife wound, sores. Clearing heat and diuresis, dispersing blood stasis and hemostasis, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals. For upper respiratory tract infection, hepatitis, dysentery, urinary tract infection, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematochezia, beriberi edema, rheumatism bone pain, urticaria, hemiplegia, hand and foot numbness, fall injury; external use for traumatic bleeding, fracture, sore carbuncle, leg ulcer. Influenza, cold, cough, hepatitis, dysentery, low back pain, urethral calculi, breast pain, consumption, fall injury, burn, snake bite, poison. ① "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": "walking through meridians and collaterals, strengthening muscles and bones, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals. Hemiplegia, hand and foot muscle clonus, phlegm and fire impotence and softness, sore muscles and bones, good effect of soaking wine." tamping with long sores, producing muscles; applying knife wounds, falling injuries, stopping bleeding and closing mouth, can connect muscles and bones. " ② "classified herbal medicine": "treat postpartum stroke, cure wind disease, reduce swelling and poison gas." ③ "Chongqing Herbal Medicine": "annealing antipyretic, muscle invigorating and hemostasis. Cure rheumatism, strain, hematemesis, dog bite." Usage: 1. Internal service: fried soup, 25g to 50g. External use: tamping. two。 Internal service: fried soup, 30-60 grams. External use: appropriate amount, tamping. The whole grass (pig mane grass): light, bitter, cool. Heat-clearing and detoxification, dampness and detumescence, diuresis and diarrhea. For dysentery, dysentery, lung heat cough, hepatitis, gonorrhea, venomous snake bite, fall injury. The garden use of Dryopteris Dryopteris is one of the most popular species in ferns. Beautiful stems and leaves, beautiful shape, small plant type, very suitable for small pot cultivation and embellished with mountain and stone bonsai. Because the black petiole is slender and shiny, very similar to human hair, and its texture is very soft, like a girl's soft hair, it is also known as "girl's hair"; its light green thin leaves are paired with jet-black and shiny petioles. It is particularly elegant and elegant. It likes shade, has strong adaptability, is easy to cultivate, and is more suitable for indoor perennial potted plants. As a small potted shady foliage plant, it is better than asparagus in many aspects. Small potted plants can be placed on the desk or coffee table; larger potted plants can be used to decorate the windowsill, aisle or living room of the shady room, which can be appreciated for a longer time. The leaves of Dryopteris przewalskii are also good materials for cutting leaves and dried flowers. The cultural background of Dryopteris Dryopteris the simple style of Dryopteris and household style emphasizes simple and lively fashion home decoration, but at the same time, it pursues the publicity of personality to reflect the master's temperament to the maximum extent. It is no exaggeration to say that the minimalist style is simply a "versatile" style in the home world, and the most suitable match is those thin-leaved plants. If you adopt such an arrangement, it will add a bit of unique artistic flavor to your room, so Dryopteris is such a plant suitable to be placed at home. In addition to the elegance we are familiar with, Chinese style can also be paired with weak plants such as iron ferns, which can better highlight the soft and rigid spirit of Chinese tradition, while mixing with other styles may produce a more wonderful spark. The addition of iron fern will make the home feel a little more fresh. Dryopteris thunbergii pictures