What are the common types of foliage plants

Foliage plants refer to plants that are ornamental to their leaves. It is usually divided into colored leaves, variegated leaves and odd leaves. Colorful leaf plants have colorful leaves, such as colored leaf grass, flower leaf taro, variable leaf taro, bamboo taro, etc.; variegated leaf plants, on the green leaves, often grow white and yellow stripes and stripes, such as evergreen flowers and leaves, taro, green apple, pepper grass, cold water flower, ivy, etc.; strange leaf plants have strange leaf shapes, and some leaves are larger, such as figs. Some leaves show a split leaf shape, or there are round holes in the leaves, such as vine green velvet, tortoise back bamboo and so on.

At present, the common foliage plants cultivated in China are asparagus, Magnolia,-leaf orchid, cold water flower, evergreen, flower-leaf evergreen, Guangdong evergreen, colored leaf grass, flower-leaf taro, green apple, foreign ivy, variable-leaf bamboo, tortoise-backed bamboo, rubber tree and ornamental fern, ornamental pineapple, foliage begonia, reticulated grass, pepper grass, synthetic taro, bamboo taro, Camellia oleifera, dragon blood tree, palm, ornamental bamboo, pine, cypress, Sequoia and so on.

What are the hydroponic plants-asparagus of the family Liliaceae, perennial evergreen herbaceous flowers. The stem is thin and weak, and the branches are slender and leafy, spreading horizontally. The flowers are small and white. Berries globose, black. After the fruit is ripe, it shows a little red in the thick green cluster, elegant and lovely. Plant strong negative tolerance, placed at the head of the bed, table case, elegant and generous, is a good indoor flower. Asparagus is also an ideal foil material for cut flowers. In recent years, water-raised asparagus has been successfully developed, which is even more elegant in the room. What are the hydroponic plants-hyacinth, also known as daffodils, belonging to the hyacinth genus of Liliaceae, perennial herbs, bulb globose or oblate, outer coat flag purplish blue or white, basal leaves, thick leaves, banded lanceolate. Flower stem extracted from the middle of the leaf stem, raceme, flower appearance delicate, colorful, dazzling, pleasant fragrance. Sex likes a sunny and cool and humid environment, which is not only suitable for potted plants, but also suitable for water culture. When raising water, put its bulb in the hydroponic nutrient solution, the appearance is clean, the ornamental is strong! What are the hydroponic plants-Liliaceae, with thick leathery basal leaves, oblanceolate, broadly lanceolate or broad-band, sharp tip, long and narrow base, and fibrous roots at nodes. Rich in varieties, there are green leaves, mosaics and other types. Like the overcast and wet environment, put it in a shady place in summer to avoid strong light. Is a strong adaptation to ornamental flower varieties, usually pot ornamental, in recent years, more and more water-raised varieties, not only strong ornamental, but also can effectively clean indoor air pollution.

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Foliage plant culture technology foliage plant, generally refers to the leaf shape and leaf color beautiful plants, native to the high-temperature and humid tropical rain forest, less light, bamboo taro, ferns and so on. Woody plants are mostly shrubs or shrubby plants, such as olive kernel, goose palm vine, flutong and so on. It is also divided into herbaceous plants and woody plants, herbaceous plants are mostly perennial root herbs such as pepper grass.

The sexual breeding technology mentioned here does not involve pollination and fertilization, but only introduces the technical knowledge of seed harvesting, storage and treatment related to flower and plant production and cultivation, as well as sowing and post-sowing management. 1. Seed harvesting and purchasing: sowing and breeding must first have high-quality seeds. There are two ways to source seeds: collect seeds and buy seeds: (1) seed harvest: seed quality directly affects the germination rate, but also related to the growth and development of seedlings and flowering and fruiting, in order to obtain high-quality seeds. It is necessary to cultivate the mother plant of remaining seed and do a good job of pure pedigree to keep the character stable. In the initial flowering stage, the plants which are robust, disease-free and pest-free and can reflect the typical and excellent characteristics of the variety should be selected as the remaining parent plant and carefully maintained separately. In order to avoid possible mechanical and biological confusion of varieties, the mother plants of different varieties should be cultivated in isolation. To prevent confusion. When harvesting seeds, the seeds with full seeds, high purity and high quality index free of diseases and insect pests must be harvested. The time and method of collecting seeds. It varies according to the type of flowers. It is generally harvested after the seeds are fully ripe, but the fruits of some flowers are easy to crack, such as pods, pods, etc., should be harvested in advance in the early morning when the air humidity is high. The seeds of many flowers mature one after another and should be harvested as they mature. After the seeds are harvested, the name of the flower variety, the time and place of harvest and the characteristics of the variety should be recorded in time. To avoid confusion. (2) seed procurement; in the past, because of the difficulties in the source of flower seeds, most flower growers used to keep their own seeds, so after years of cultivation and breeding, the original good characters were separated or degraded after repeated inbreeding, thus seriously affecting the cultivation quality of offspring and often falling short of the growers' expectations. Therefore, if conditions permit. The traditional way of keeping seeds should be abandoned and the flower seeds or seedlings of the first generation of hybrids (F1) should be purchased from professional seed and seedling companies. The seeds produced by regular seed and seedling companies are improved varieties cultivated by breeding experts. It has the genetic advantage of cross-generation, and the character is stable. And a wide variety, can meet different needs, especially suitable for large-scale commercial production. 2. Post-harvest treatment and storage: cleaning treatment should be carried out after seed harvest. The whole plant should be pulled back and should be dried and threshed. If the fruit is harvested together, the peel, pulp and all kinds of appendages should be removed. If you need to dry, you must connect the fruit shell together to avoid direct exposure to the sun, otherwise it will affect the vitality of the seed, or even lose its vitality. After harvesting, the seeds of annual or biennial foliage plants are generally preserved under dry, sealed and low temperature conditions (2 ℃ 5 min). Usually in order to prevent the seeds from getting wet, it is usually planted in soft metal bags or small plastic bags, and then wrapped in ordinary paper seed bags. The name of the seed should be correctly marked outside the seed bag, as well as the year, month, day or service life of the harvest. Tin boxes, wooden boxes and colored glass bottles can also be used as containers for seed preservation. Rodent damage should be strictly prevented during storage. Because the seed has life and longevity, its vitality is strong or weak and can last for a long time. it is closely related to the storage conditions. Under the condition of warm, humid and air circulation, the life activity of the seed is strong, the nutrients in the seed are consumed quickly, and the life span of the seed is short. Seeds under the condition of low temperature, dryness and slow air flow. If the activity of life is slow, the life of the seed is longer. Therefore, the seeds should be preserved under low temperature, dry and closed conditions. In spite of this, the life span of seeds is limited. Seeds that have lost their vitality cannot be used for sowing and raising seedlings. (1) sowing date: it can be determined according to the local climatic conditions, the characteristics of foliage plants and the time of flowering. The sowing dates of biennial foliage plants are spring sowing and autumn sowing. Most of the annual foliage plants are sown in spring. Sow seeds from late March to early May, earlier in the south and later in the north. Biennial foliage plants are generally sown in autumn, mostly from late August to early October, later in the south and earlier in the north. For the need of florescence control, spring sowing can also be advanced or autumn sowing can be postponed, pre-sowing and raising seedlings in cold beds, hotbeds or greenhouses. (2) sowing methods: the sowing methods of annual and biennial foliage plants include open field sowing, cold bed sowing and greenhouse sowing. ① sowing in the open field: seeding and direct seeding in the open seedbed. Before sowing the seedbed in the open field, choose the place where the terrain is high, flat, leeward and sunny to set up the seedbed. The soil of the seedbed should be loose and fertile, which is not only conducive to drainage, but also has a certain water storage capacity, which requires ploughing 30 cm deep, raking fine, removing debris, and then making beds. The groundwater level in the southern region is high, so it is suitable to make high beds. The northern area is short of water, so it is appropriate to make a low border, with a width of about 1.2 meters and a height of about 0.3 meters. The surface of the border is required to be flat, and the upper layer is covered with 10-15 cm thick sieved culture soil. Among the annual herbaceous foliage plants with straight roots and not tolerant to transplanting, such as Yumeiren, it is advisable to raise seedlings by direct seeding on the ground or in a nutrient bowl. ① cold bed and hotbed sowing: mainly used for autumn sowing and seedling raising in cold areas of north China. The bed should be strictly disinfected, insecticidal and sterilized before sowing, and the amount of water should be controlled after sowing. Cold bed sowing should be less irrigated, fermentation hotbed should not be irrigated, only wet soil cover should be used to preserve soil moisture, electric hotbed should be more irrigated. ③ greenhouse sowing: suitable for raising seedlings of greenhouse herbaceous flowers and species with small and small seeds, most of them use shallow sowing boxes or shallow seedling pots as sowing utensils. The specification of sowing boxes is generally length: width: height = 60 cm: 40 cm: 10 cm water. The sowing basin should be a shallow basin with a diameter of 30 cm, a height of 10 cm and a porous bottom. After laying broken tiles at the bottom of the box and basin. Fill in the coarse-grained soil of 1ax-3-pound-2 to facilitate drainage, then fill the cultivated soil and gently compact it. Sow seeds after wetting the soil. After sowing, it was covered with culture soil and covered with a thickness of seed diameter. Immersion irrigation should be used for watering. 4. Sowing methods and post-sowing management: (1) sowing methods: there are three kinds of sowing methods: sowing, strip sowing and on-demand (also known as hole sowing). ① sowing: seeds are scattered evenly on the sown soil, this method is mostly suitable for nursery bed or pot sowing seedlings, for those small seeds, it is difficult to sow evenly, it is best to mix fine sand or plant ash together. Sowing has the advantages of large breeding capacity and producing a large number of flower seedlings, but it is easy to grow, diseases and insect pests because of the large number of seedlings and crowded seedlings. ② strip sowing: on the sowing soil, the seeds are sown in strips according to a certain row spacing. This method is mostly used for seeds of medium particle size. Because there is a certain distance between each strip, the light and ventilation are better, and the weeding and fertilization are convenient, and the growth of the seedlings is also stronger. ③ sowing: seeds are planted in holes according to a certain distance between plants, 3 seeds are planted in each hole, and then covered with soil, the thickness is about twice the diameter of seeds. This method is mostly used for large seeds, valuable foliage plants and some herbaceous foliage plants that are not resistant to transplanting. After emergence, leave 1 or 2 strong seedlings in each hole, pull out the excess seedlings or move them to the lack of seedlings to be replanted. (2) Post-sowing management: after sowing and covering the soil, cover the bed with straw or curtain to prevent the topsoil from drying and hardening, keep the humidity of the soil relatively stable, and avoid watering and rain impacting the seeds. It can also be covered with thin film, but pay attention to ventilation. After the seeds germinate and the seedlings are unearthed, the mulch should be removed immediately to make the seedlings receive light and reduce the air humidity between the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from growing too weak. If the seedlings grow too densely, allow time for the seedlings, and water them after the seedlings. Wait for the seedlings to grow 4-5 true leaves, then transplant to enlarge the row spacing. Indoor pot sowing seedlings, it is necessary to cover the mouth of the basin with a glass plate to moisturize. To facilitate ventilation, raise one side of the glass plate to form a bevel. After the seedlings are unearthed, remove the cover glass plate so that the seedlings can see the light, undergo exercise, and then transplant into a shallow pot. The key to post-sowing management is moisture control, be careful not to make the seedbed too dry and wet, and do not suddenly dry and wet,-be sure to keep the soil balanced and moist. If the seed is too dry, it will not emerge; if it is too wet, the seed will mildew easily; if it is dry and wet, it will kill the budding seedlings. In the early stage of sowing, the humidity of the seedling bed should be higher, because the water absorbed by the seeds during germination is large; in the later stage, the soil moisture should be appropriately reduced to induce the germinated roots to grow deep. Cuttage culture is a process of making use of the regeneration ability of vegetative organs of foliage plants, cutting off a part of roots, stems and leaves, inserting them into the cutting bed and giving them suitable conditions to make them have adventitious roots and grow into a new plant. The asexual culture of foliage plants mainly adopts the method of cutting. 1. The cutting time of foliage plants is mainly in the growing period, generally in spring, summer and autumn, such as in greenhouse, it can be carried out all the year round. 2. Before the cutter is ready for cutting, the cutter should be set up first. The cutter can be set in the open field or in the greenhouse, or it can be cut in a pot box. Insert bed matrix requires loose moisturizing, germ-free, good drainage and ventilation. Commonly used substrates are: River sand, vermiculite, perlite, peat and culture soil, etc. Which substrate should be selected according to the type of flowers cut. For foliage plants, it is ideal to use a mixed layered matrix of culture soil, river sand and perlite, that is, the bottom layer of the cutting bed is covered with coarse stone particles of 3 cm thick as a filter layer, and a culture soil of 3 cm and 4 cm thick is laid on it as a nutrient layer. finally, 5 Mel 6 cm of river sand and perlite are laid. The top of the slotting bed is usually equipped with a bracket, which can be covered with plastic film to warm and moisturize according to the management needs, or to cover the net curtain for shade in summer. The substrate must be strictly disinfected before cutting. 3. The method of cutting is divided into stem cutting, leaf cutting and root cutting. foliage plants are mainly stem cutting, and a few are also cut with leaves, such as four seasons begonia. When the stems of foliage plants are inserted. Cut the unlignified shoots of the same year as cuttings, cut 5-10 cm in length, leaving 3-4 nodes, cut at the lower part of the Internode, remove the lower leaves and retain 1-2 leaflets at the upper end. The cuttings of annual and biennial herbaceous flowers must retain some leaves, otherwise it is difficult to take root, so whether they can maintain the fresh state of cuttings is very important to the survival of cuttings. It is best to cut and insert as soon as you can, if it cannot be inserted at that time. The cuttings should be placed in a cool place or wrapped in a wet cloth. Pay attention to fresh-keeping so as not to lose moisture and affect survival. Before cutting. First water and wet the substrate of the cuttage bed, then hit the hole with a stick thicker than the cuttings, and then cut the cuttings to avoid scraping the cuttings as far as possible, so as not to affect the formation of callus. The cutting depth should not exceed the cuttage length of 1cm, which should be cut shallowly in summer when the temperature is high and deep in spring when the temperature is low. The cuttings should be watered for the first time so that the cutting substrate and cuttings are closely combined. 4. Management after cutting the central link of post-cutting management is to do a good job of moisture regulation and light control. Water regulation is mainly to master the amount of water, and to create a high humidity air environment. Insert bed watering can be neither more nor less, often keep the matrix slightly moist not dry, the moisture content of the matrix is generally controlled between 60% and 70% is more appropriate. Too much watering will inevitably affect the air circulation of the substrate and easily lead to mildew and rot of the wound; too little watering will not be able to maintain the dynamic balance of transpiration, often causing cuttings to dry up before they take root. Therefore, improper watering is one of the most common causes of cutting failure. Usually, the amount of water is slightly larger before the formation of callus, and the watering times should be reduced appropriately after the formation of callus, and the watering should be reduced after the occurrence of new roots. The ability of cuttings to absorb water from the substrate before rooting is weak, and it is not enough to rely on watering alone. Only keeping high air humidity can reduce transpiration, prevent wilting, ensure tall, straight and tender branches and leaves, and continue photosynthesis to promote rooting. The air relative humidity of the insert bed should be kept above 85%. In the initial stage of cutting, it is necessary to avoid excessive air circulation. Try to maintain high air humidity, but when the callus has been formed and begins to root, pay attention to ventilation and ventilation. Promote root growth. Young post cuttings should not be without light, but the light should not be too strong. The leaves of cuttings can still carry out photosynthesis in the sun and continue to assimilate nutrients, which is helpful to promote root formation. But if the light is too strong. The evaporation of cuttings is too large, which will affect the survival of cuttings. The general control is ideal under semi-shade conditions. The cuttings, pot cuttings and leaf cuttings in greenhouse are more or less the same as open field cuttings, which can be carried out with reference to the above measures.