Maintenance technology of potted small fruit bergamot

There are some differences between potted small fruit bergamot and big fruit bergamot, and some problems should be paid attention to in management. First, it should be trimmed in time. When the summer temperature is high, the humidity is high, and the nutrition is sufficient, the plant will produce a large number of branches with slender internodes, unsubstantial tissue and no buds. Summer shoots sprout after "Grain Rain" leaves the house, because they are easy to compete with spring fruits for nutrients, and affect the growth and development of autumn shoots. Except for individual modeling and upbringing skills, the rest should be all thinned, cutting off more than 5 leaves without flowering branches, transverse branches, tufted buds, diseases and insect branches at the cutting mouth, so that nutrients can meet the needs of flower and fruit growth. Second, fertilization should be reasonable. After bergamot goes into the basin in spring, if the basin soil is a nutritious soil with high fertility, it can no longer be fertilized in the same year. If bergamot is cultivated in the substrate, about 25 imported compound fertilizers will be put immediately after planting and watering, and then the compound fertilizer will be applied once every 15 days. The fertilizer can be evenly scattered on the surface of the substrate and will infiltrate into the substrate with drip irrigation or watering. The mature organic fertilizer was applied again in the middle and late August. At the beginning of the third year, fertilization can be managed according to routine management. General Grain Rain before and after going out of the room, combined with turning the basin to apply sufficient base fertilizer, fertilizer to rotten cake residue, plus a small amount of bone powder. After slowing the seedling, put it outside in the leeward to the sun, apply thin cake fertilizer and water every 10 to 15 days, and stop applying it after budding.

The third is to prevent insect pests. There are many Rain Water in summer, the harm of small snails and wild slugs is more serious, the light ones bite the new leaves and old leaves out of the pit, and the serious ones hurt the bergamot fruit, which greatly affects the merchandise of bergamot. To this end, deep ditches can be opened around the greenhouse to prevent stagnant water, improve the dryness of the ground in the shed, and build the first line of defense. Second, spread hydrated lime around, build a second line of defense, disinfect and touch them. Third, manual capture, strangling or throwing in hydrated lime, or trapping with vegetable leaves, trapping cabbage or cabbage leaves in the seedbed in the evening, and inspecting and killing in the early morning. Pot small fruit bergamot maintenance technology pruning: timely sprouting and heart-picking, mainly manual pruning, supplemented by chemical bud control, fully understand the relationship between growth and development, flowering and fruit hanging of potted bergamot. By cutting off cross, overlapping, over-dense, delicate and disease and insect branches, the fruit branches can meet the requirements of uniform distribution, short and thick, hollow inner chamber, good ventilation and so on. It shows the delicate and small size of potted golden bergamot. The spring shoots extracted in March every year can be cut off in time, except for those who are left to fill the air and raise the neighboring fruit branches. When the summer temperature is high, the humidity is high, and the nutrition is sufficient, the plant will produce a large number of branches with slender internodes, unsubstantial tissue and no buds. Summer shoots sprout after "Grain Rain" leaves the house, because they are easy to compete with spring fruits for nutrients, and affect the growth and development of autumn shoots. Except for individual modeling and upbringing skills, the rest should be all thinned, cutting off more than 5 leaves without flowering branches, transverse branches, tufted buds, diseases and insect branches at the cutting mouth, so that nutrients can meet the needs of flower and fruit growth. For some branches or trees that have not borne fruit for many years, a strong pruning should be carried out, leaving 3 to 4 bud holes at the base of the branches to promote the germination of new branches and bear fruit. The autumn shoot is nutritious, the growth is stout, the Internode is short, and the tissue is abundant; the leaves on the shoot are small and thick, strong and dark green, which are the basis for flowering and fruit setting in the following year. Except for cutting off the growing thin and weak branches and over-dense branches, they are generally not cut, and should basically be kept as the fruiting mother branches of next year. Therefore, the maintenance of autumn shoots should be strengthened, which is the key for bergamot to blossom and hang fruit more. Fertilization: the key technology of raising bergamot is rational fertilization. After the young bergamot goes into the basin in spring, if the basin soil is made of nutritious soil with high fertility, it can no longer be fertilized in the same year. If bergamot is cultivated in the substrate, about 25 imported compound fertilizers will be put immediately after planting and watering, and then the compound fertilizer will be applied once every 15 days. The fertilizer can be evenly scattered on the surface of the substrate and will infiltrate into the substrate with drip irrigation or watering. The mature organic fertilizer was applied again in the middle and late August. At the beginning of the third year, fertilization can be managed according to routine management. General Grain Rain before and after going out of the room, combined with turning the basin to apply sufficient base fertilizer, fertilizer to rotten cake residue, plus a small amount of bone powder. After slowing the seedling, put it outside in the leeward to the sun, apply thin cake fertilizer and water every 10 to 15 days, and stop applying it after budding. Spray the foliar surface with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during pregnancy. After fruit setting, thin chicken and duck manure water or cake fertilizer water was applied every 10 days or so for two or three times. In order to prevent yellowing, 0.2% ferrous sulfate should be irrigated every 15 to 20 days to keep the soil slightly acidic. In the spring of the second year, rotten acquaintance feces and urine, cake fertilizer and water were applied every 15 to 20 days for two or three times in a row. Watering: after transplanting, the pot must be watered and watered thoroughly, so that the root system of the seedling is closely bonded with the substrate. As the matrix is light and buoyant, we should pay attention to it when watering, spray it with a spray can, and do not splash it, otherwise it will wash the matrix out of the basin or the surface of the matrix out of the pothole. At the same time, it is necessary to keep the basin soil moist during the growth period, and it is better to keep more than half of the soil moisture. Summer watering should be adequate, and branches and leaves should be often sprayed and sprinkled on the ground around flowerpots to cool and humidify. The rainy season should be on the dry side to prevent overgrowth. Watering at the initial stage of fruit setting should be properly controlled to avoid excessive fruit drop. Watering should be reduced gradually after the beginning of autumn. Frosts Descent moved into the room in front of the north, put it in a sunny place, keep the room temperature above 5 ℃, control watering, and water once every 7 to 10 days. Spray and wash the branches and leaves with water close to room temperature once a week to prevent the leaves from being stained with dust and causing fallen leaves. If there are conditions, drip irrigation system can be installed, the cost is not too high, can greatly reduce the labor intensity. Watering time can be carried out according to experience, feel that the soilless substrate is 80% dry, bergamot pot weight has been light, at this time can be watered. Soilless culture substrate has strong water retention and air permeability, so too much water will not do much harm. There are many Rain Water in summer, the harm of small snails and wild slugs is more serious, the light ones bite the new leaves and old leaves out of the pit, and the serious ones hurt the bergamot fruit, which greatly affects the merchandise of bergamot. To this end, deep ditches can be opened around the greenhouse to prevent stagnant water, improve the dryness of the ground in the shed, and build the first line of defense. Second, spread hydrated lime around, build a second line of defense, disinfect and touch them. Third, manual capture, strangling or throwing in hydrated lime, or trapping with vegetable leaves, trapping cabbage or cabbage leaves in the seedbed in the evening, and inspecting and killing in the early morning. At the initial stage of the damage, 6% Mida granules (250g per mu) were applied from March to April, or tea withered liquid was sprinkled on the soil ridges around the seedbed for contact killing (tea withered powder 1 kg to water 10kg boiled for half an hour, kneaded and sifted, and then mixed well with water 60kg). It can also be sprayed near the plant with 70 to 100 times ammonia at night, or sprayed with vermiculent 800 to 1000 times. Control snails can also use 8% Miaoling granules or 10% polyacetaldehyde granules, 1.5 grams per square meter. Culture methods of kumquat

Kumquat, also known as kumquat, golden bullet, golden jujube and so on. Evergreen shrubs or small trees of the family Rutaceae. It is native to tropical Asia and Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places in China.

The ornamental cultivation species of the same genus are:

Golden bullet: the leaves are thick and hard, the fruit is large and round, the sweet seeds are few and the quality is excellent.

Golden beans: the fruit is as small as beans. The plant is short and the leaves are small and inedible.

Kumquat: the fruit is small and round, fresh and pure yellow.

Longevity kumquat: also known as four seasons kumquat, moon tangerine. Fruit Obovate, top concave and base acuminate, yellowish, fragrant.

Long-leaf kumquat: long lanceolate leaves, round fruit, thin skin, not hardy.

1. Morphological characteristics are much branched, usually spiny, branches small. The leaf is oblong, the surface is dark green and bright, and the back of the leaf is scattered with oil glands. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 flowers set in leaf axils, white and fragrant. Fruit small, rectangular round or Obovate, golden yellow when ripe. The flowering period is from June to August and the fruiting stage is from 11 to 8 months.

In February, 2008. In spring, some fruits will continue to grow on the shoots from yellow to green.

Growth habits like warm and humid climate and adequate sunshine conditions. With a certain degree of cold resistance, the Yangtze River basin can survive the winter in the open field under better microclimate conditions. More drought-resistant, slightly shade-resistant, like the deep soil layer, good drainage, fertile and acidic sandy loam.

The propagation method of kumquat is often used by grafting, and the rootstock is often used in orange or medlar (Fructus Aurantii). The commonly used methods are docking and splicing. It is often carried out from March to April, and strong annual branches are selected for scions. After about 20 days to survive, the key is to aim at the cambium, after putting on a plastic bag, use a 5cm shading net to shade the sun when the sun is strong.

The cultivation and conservation of kumquat focuses on the following work:

It is appropriate to choose a plain burning basin with good drainage and good air permeability.

The culture soil is well drained sandy loam mixed with about 20% rice chaff ash or peat soil, and the former needs to be drenched with water.

Irrigation and fertilization can refer to the requirements of bergamot.

Proper sun shading and water spraying in high temperature season, potted kumquat should be moved to indoor sunny place in winter. Leave the room after Qingming Festival.

Make the first pruning after leaving the room, re-cut all the old branches and cut off all weak, diseased and redundant branches. Combined with pruning for comprehensive plastic surgery, generally leave 3 to 4 trunk branches, symmetrically extended to all sides. The second time was in May, when the new branch grew to 15: 20 cm, a comprehensive coring was carried out to make it sprout secondary branches. The third pruning was made in the first ten days of June, and the heart of the secondary branch was picked again to promote the regeneration of the third branch in order to expand the crown and increase the position of the fruit. After flowering, flowers should be thinned properly, 1-2 fruits per branch should be left after fruiting, and small fruits and diseased fruits should be removed at any time. Branches that have not borne fruit should also be cut off.

In addition, potted kumquat should turn the basin and change the soil every 1 ~ 2 years and cut off the redundant roots along the edge of the pot in order to rejuvenate the root group and improve the ventilation and ventilation of the potted soil.

Pest control can refer to the bergamot section.

Horticultural use kumquat tree is elegant, evergreen, flowers overflowing, golden fruit brilliant, has a very high ornamental value, is China's traditional ornamental fruit Yuanxiao flowers and trees. It can also be used as a courtyard set. The flowers can be used to make tea, fragrant and delicious. The fruit is edible and can be processed into candied fruit, jam and so on. The pericarp, seed and root of kumquat can be used as medicine.