What are the common cultivated varieties of water lilies?

Water lily flowers have large leaves and are fragrant. - It is usually open from 12 noon to 3~4 p.m., closed after sunset, and open the next day. It can be open for 3~5 days continuously. Common cultivated water lilies are:

1. White water lily. White and large, 10 - 15 cm in diameter, 16 - 24 petals, arranged in 2 - 3 rounds, fragrant, flowering in summer.

2. Yellow water lily. Flowers bright yellow, ca. 10 cm in diam.

3. Red water lily. The flowers are dark red, 12 - 20 cm in diameter, with 12 - 16 petals, flowering in summer.

4. Sweet water lily. White to reddish, ca. 15 cm in diam., fragrant, summer flowering, flowers opening in the morning and closing in the afternoon.

5. Blue Lily. Flowers pale blue, petals 30~50 arranged in 3 rounds, slightly fragrant, summer flowering.

In addition, there are large water lilies with bright blue flowers; tuber water lilies with white flowers; Egyptian water lilies with lilac flowers and fragrant flowers; star water lilies with star flowers, blue outer petals, golden inner petals, and hybrid water lilies.

White water lily

White water lily likes strong light, ventilation is good, there are trees sprouting in the shore of the pond, although it can bloom, but the growth is weak. The soil requirements are not strict, pH 6-8, all grow normally, but like loam rich in organic matter. The depth of the pool water in the growing season should not exceed 80 cm. 3-4 The leaves germinate in the month and bloom one after another from May to August. Each flower blooms for 2-5 days, opens during the day and closes at night. Fruit bearing after flowering. 10-11 Moon leaves wither. The following spring it re-emerged. The depth of the pool water in the growing season should not exceed 80 cm. It germinates in late March to early April, buds in late April or early May, florescence in June to August, yellow leaves in October to November, and dormancy in November. Born in ponds, lakes, some parks in the pool often cultivated.

1. Odorata-type underground stem Morphological characteristics: Odorata-type underground stem is named after Nymphaea odorata with this type of underground stem. Its underground stem is stout, fleshy, loose in structure, and has the characteristics of lateral growth. The leaf scars and pedicel scars on underground stems are dense at the beginning of spring growth, and the distance between scars gradually increases with the rapid elongation of growth points, about 2 cm or more. Generally speaking, the sweet lily type underground stem is the fastest growing among the water lilies, and its leaf scar spacing is also the largest. At the same time, in the growing season, some small bud eyes (small branches) are born under some leaf marks. These bud eyes also grow quickly and gradually form their own bud eyes. In a year, even 4-5 bud eyes will appear. Therefore, water lily varieties with fragrant water lily type underground stems often need larger containers, otherwise, it is easy to form plants crowded and affect normal growth and flowering. See Figure 1. Nymphaea tubers are the most common underground stem type, common species and varieties such as N. odorata) Pink Peony, Peter Slocum, Somptuosa, Perry's Fire Opal, American Star, Anna Epple, Arc-en-ciel, etc.

(fragrant water lily tuber) cultivation points: because fragrant water lily type underground stem has a faster lateral growth habit, and easy to produce more bud eyes, so most fragrant water lily type needs to be planted separately every year. In spring, when it is just budding, the whole underground stem is taken out, the soil and dirt on it are washed away by a high-pressure water cage, the old root is cut back to 1-2 cm, the stem section with growth points is cut off from the mother stem with a sharp knife, and used as propagation material. Each stem section is preferably 8- 1 - 2 cm long, and the old stem section without growth points can be discarded. When planting, it is best to place the tail of the underground stem at the edge of the container, the growth point is towards the center of the container, the stem section is inclined at 45°, the tail is downward, and the growth point is upward to expose the mud surface. Bud eye sub-planting can be combined with spring sub-planting, but it is best to carry out in the growing season, which is more beneficial to the growth of mother plants. When the new bud has grown a few leaves and some roots, it can be separated from the mother stem with a sharp knife and planted separately. 2. Tuberosa-type rhizome morphological characteristics: tuber type underground stem is slender rod, loose structure, also has the habit of lateral growth, but the growth rate is slightly slower than fragrant water lily type. The leaf and pedicel scars are arranged more closely on the main stem than the nymphaea type. Tuber type The name derives from the shape of its underground stem and the way its bud grows. It is no exaggeration to say that the main stem of this underground stem is almost covered by the new bud eye. These bud tubers are plump, connected to the mother stem at a thinner end, and easily separate from the mother stem, as when the container is shaken or the soil is stressed, and the new bud tubers can even detach themselves. See Figure 2. Common varieties include 'Rose Arey',' Froebelii ',' Gloriosa ',' Peaches and Cream','Perry's Baby Red', etc.

(tuber type underground stem) cultivation points: because this kind of water lily grows faster and bud eye is dense, it also needs to be planted every year or immediately removed bud eye, otherwise, it will affect the normal growth and flowering of the plant. The planting method is the same as that of fragrant water lily type. The key to this type of cultivation lies in the removal of bud eyes and sub-planting, preferably in the growing season regularly open soil, or combined with spring sub-planting. The bud eyes which have or have not produced roots and leaves are directly broken off from the mother stem by hand and planted separately or discarded. They generally grow roots first and then produce leaves after planting. 3. Marliac-type rhizome is named after Joseph Bory Latour-Marliac, a water lily breeder known as the father of hardy water lilies. He bred many hardy water lily varieties from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, which made great contributions to the development of modern hardy water lily. One of the most important achievements was the discovery of a new type of underground stem, the Malik type, which did not grow as fast as the fragrant and tuberous water lilies and required large containers or annual subcultivation. Its remarkable characteristics are: although it also has a transverse growth habit, but slow growth, tuber stout, fleshy, compact structure, leaf scars and pedicel scars more closely arranged in the underground stem. Bud eyes are stout and compact, so they are not easy to separate from the main stem, as shown in Figure 4. In addition, Ziwulian (N. cv. Pygmaea Alba ") belongs to a special type of Malik type, which also has the habit of horizontal growth, leaf scars and pedicel scars are very densely arranged on the underground stem, and never produce bud eyes, as shown in Figure 5. Common varieties of the Malik type are: 'Almost Black',' Attraction ',' Comanche ',' Florida Sunset ',' Gonnere ',' Hollandia ',' Masaniello ',' sunrise ',' Texas Dawn 'etc.

(Malyek type underground stem) cultivation points: Malyek type underground stem water lily varieties, do not need to be planted every year, only when the underground stem grows containers or bud eyes too much to form growth crowded for planting. When planting, the underground stem lies horizontally on the mud surface, the growth point is slightly raised, the tail is close to the edge of the container, the growth is towards the center of the container, all or part of the stem section is pressed downward into the mud, but the growth point needs to be exposed above the mud surface, and then a small stone or other heavy object is pressed on the stem section to prevent the stem section just planted from floating upward. Bud eye sub-planting can be combined with spring mother plant sub-planting, need to cut off the bud eye from its connection with the mother stem with a sharp knife, planting separately. Similarly, attention should be paid to the problem of bud floating in the early stage of planting. 4. Morphological characteristics of Mexicana-type rhizome: Mexicana-type rhizome is a unique rhizome type. It is named after the Mexican yellow water lily (Nymphaea mexicana). This type of underground stem has small tubers similar to pineapple shape, replacing bud eyes with fleshy stems arising from the main stem, producing small tubers similar to the mother stem that can germinate in the current year at each internode of the stem, and banana bunches of dormant tubers at the end of the stem. This dormant stem consists of 3-8 (or more) pairs of vegetative rods, each pair of vegetative rods bearing dormant buds, which can often lie dormant for many years and germinate when conditions are suitable. Each strong plant can produce several or even more than ten stems per year, forming a considerable number of small plants, so the Mexican yellow water lily is extremely aggressive and easily causes "crowding", as shown in Figure 6- 9. Common species and varieties include Nymphaea mexicana, Sulphurea, Starbright, etc.

Mexican yellow nymphaea type underground stem

pineapple type stem

Take stem internode small tuber cultivation points: because of its strong reproductive ability, so planting, to strictly control its growth range. Container growers should plant separately each year, and pond growers should plant separately at appropriate times to prevent overcrowding of small plants and affect growth and flowering. Sub-planting is usually carried out in spring and summer to ensure that new plants have enough time to grow into strong plants before winter. When planting separately, it is necessary to remove the walking stems from the main stems, one seedling per container, preferably planted in the center of the container, and the soil coverage thickness is appropriate for the growth point just exposed to the mud surface. Internodal tubers can also be cut from the fleshy stems and planted separately. After planting, it is best to cover the mud surface with gravel (avoiding growing points) to prevent the tubers from floating to the surface at the beginning of planting. Small tubers and bunched dormant banana stems removed should be destroyed in time to prevent them from spreading freely elsewhere.

5. Pineapple-type underground stem Morphological characteristics: The growth point of pineapple underground stem is located at the top of the tuber growing vertically, and the petioles and pedicels are densely attached to the stem segment. The shape is similar to pineapple, which is also the origin of the name. Pineapple underground stems stout, fleshy, compact, erect. The arrangement of petiole scars and pedicel scars on tubers is the most compact of all lily types. The bud eyes are plump and stout, and are not easy to separate from the main stem. See Figure 10. Although it is also referred to as the Mexican yellow water lily type, it does not produce the fleshy stems and banana bunches characteristic of the Mexican yellow water lily type. Many pineapple water lily varieties themselves have Mexican yellow water lily lineages that provide the pineapple characteristics of Mexican yellow water lilies. Common varieties include Helvola, Aurora, Berit Strawn, Chrysanthemum, Indiana, Robinsonii, Paul Hariot, etc.

(Bromelia-type underground stem) Cultivation points: Due to its vertical growth and the characteristics of producing more buds, when the growth point is much higher than the mud surface, or the lateral buds become more vigorous than the mother plant, or there are too many small plants in the container, it is necessary to cut off the long old stem and replant or divide the seedlings. The method of main stem differentiation is the same as that of Mexican yellow water lily type. Bud eye sub-planting, when its germination of a few leaves and their own roots, they can be used from the mother stem cut off, another planting. The method is the same as that of main stem. Tropical water lily is basically pineapple type underground stem, vertical growth, in the face of adverse growth conditions (such as drought, cold, etc.), produce spherical dormant stem, to be suitable conditions, spherical underground stem germination, produce varying numbers of small plants.