What are the common cultivated varieties of Gladiolus

The common cultivated gladiolus are:

1. Gladiolus. What kind of name do you have? To plant bulbous flowers in spring. Pedicel stout unbranched, plant height about 1 m, terminal spike, with 10-20 flowers, flowers usually arranged in two rows, mostly lateral, blooming from bottom to top. Corolla is funnel-shaped, slightly curved outward, the color is changeable, there are white, yellow, pink, blue, purple, orange and other colors, as well as complex colors and with different color spots or markings. Natural flowering in summer.

2. Gladiolus in flesh color. The plant is about 30 cm tall, with 4 leaves and 10 flowers, light pink or milky white, with red or purple spots, and a kaleidoscope of red or purple.

3. Natta Gladiolus. The plant is more than 1 meter high, with 10 flowers, 12 flowers, 3 upper lobes, dark red, cap-shaped, 3 lower lobes are very small, yellow and red are mixed.

4. Sweet Gladiolus. Plant height 15 cm, leaves-piece, born after anthesis, spirally curled, margin yellow, flowers 7-13, fragrant. The color is changeable, Corolla lobes are often dark purplish red, with yellow edges, and there are cap-shaped lobes in the upper middle.

5. Gladiolus in the garden. Many flowers, pedicels straight, Corolla open, light purple or light red purple. The upper lobe is cap-shaped and has various halo spots.

Rhizoctonia solani: a soil disease caused by fungi that can be divided into symptoms such as first rot, root rot, quenching, and so on, depending on where the plant is invaded. High temperature and humidity are easy to occur in summer. The two disease types of cataplexy and standing blight were serious. Most of the bacteria infect the rhizosphere from the topsoil, and the cortical subsidence of the affected part is shortened and reddish brown, causing a large number of deaths in severe cases. When you get sick, you can spray 1000 times of Tobujin liquid, or use 1000 times of Dysenammonium solution, irrigating 2kg per square meter. Preventive method: pay attention to crop rotation or soil disinfection, you can use 40% formalin 50 ml, add water 4 murine 6 kg irrigation and cover, sow 7 days later. It can also be soaked or planted with 0.5% potassium permanganate or 0.2% deuterium ammonium or bulbs after 10 minutes. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: it is a fungal disease in which the leaves turn yellow and then turn brown when the disease occurs, and the aboveground parts die when they are severely dizzy. Examination of the diseased stem showed white mildew and black sclerotia. It can be sprayed with 1000 times of 50% benzoate wettable powder, or 70% pentachloronitrobenzene powder, 1.5 to 3 kg per mu, can be used for soil disinfection. Rust: a fungal disease. The diseased leaves show small golden yellow and brown spots, with ruptured epidermis and rusty brown powder. In serious cases, the growth of the plant is blocked, the flowering is small or non-flowering, and new bulbs and seeds can not be produced, or even the plant dies. It can be sprayed 600 times with 60% Dyson zinc wettable powder. When the disease is serious, the diseased leaves are cleared and burned. Sclerotic disease: a soil-borne fungal disease. The pathogen can infect leaves and corms, showing dark brown round spots at first, then turning black, the diseased spots are discolored and sunken inside, and the diseased plants stop growing and do not bloom. Especially in continuous cropping areas, the incidence rate is high. The seriously diseased plants can be dug up and burned by spraying plants and soil with 0.5 degree Bordeaux solution in the affected area. Characteristics, cultivation and Management of Gladiolus

1. What are the characteristics of Gladiolus? What varieties do you have?

Gladiolus, real name Gladiolus, Malan, assorted and so on. Gladiolus is a Japanese name for Gladiolus. It is called Gladiolus in China. It is now used to be called Gladiolus. Gladiolus is produced in Africa and along the Mediterranean coast, and the Cape of good Hope is the most widely distributed in South Africa.

Gladiolus belongs to the family Iridaceae Gladiolus belongs to the perennial bulb herbaceous flowers, the underground bulb is flat and round, such as water chestnut or garlic, covered with membranous or fibrous brown skin. Leaf blade is sword-shaped, hard, 7-8 pieces stacked; up to 60 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, veins parallel and conspicuous. Cymes, 12-24 flowers, arranged in two rows, partial to one side, 30 cm long; Corolla left and right pair, funnel-shaped, slightly curved upward; flowers up to 12-16 cm in diameter. The flower stem is drawn from the foliage, and each flower is planted in each bract. There are white, yellow, light red, carmine, light purple, orange red, sky blue and a variety of variegated colors; there are single, semidouble, single for more. Flowering-September. Capsule.

There are nearly ten thousand varieties of Gladiolus. According to the different florescence, it can be divided into two categories: spring flower and summer flower. Spring flowers are cultivated in autumn in warm areas and bloom in spring the following year; summer flowers are planted in spring

It blossoms in summer. Summer flowers in different growth periods can be divided into early flowers, middle flowers and late flowers. Early flowers bloom in 55-65 days, middle flowers bloom in 75 days, and late flowers bloom in 85-95 days. According to the shape of lobes, they can be divided into three types: flat valve type, wrinkled valve type and lobe type.

In addition, Gladiolus is very sensitive to the highly toxic gas hydrogen fluoride, when there is hydrogen fluoride gas, the leaves will turn yellow and wither, and it can be used to monitor the pollution of hydrogen fluoride, so it is a good green flower for environmental protection. The corm of Gladiolus is also a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, dispelling blood stasis and detumescence.

2. How to cultivate and manage Gladiolus?

Gladiolus like warm and humid climate, avoid high temperature, not cold-resistant, the suitable temperature for growth is 20-25 degrees. Like adequate sunshine, good ventilation environment, afraid of waterlogging, suitable for growing in fertile, good drainage, rich in humus sandy soil, PH value of 5.6-6.5 is better. The corms of Gladiolus should be selected before planting, and the small and medium-sized oblate corms without disease, spot, germination and rooting should be selected for cultivation.

After the bulbs are planted, water them thoroughly and place them in a ventilated and sunny place to keep the soil moist. After the flower ear is drawn out in spring and summer, do not lack water and drought, but you can't water too much, so that the stagnant water in the basin becomes waterlogged. Gladiolus does not like big fat, otherwise it will cause plant overgrowth and lodging. Rarefied topdressing is generally applied for 4 times during the growing period. The first time when two leaves grow; the second time when the bud is pregnant, the third time after the spike is fully raised, and the fourth time after the flower is withered. It is better to top fertilizer with mature human feces and urine; when budding, phosphate fertilizer should be added. Pay attention to shading the plant during flowering, and spray water to the plant in case of hot and dry weather. The amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the actual growth of the plant. If more fertilizer is applied, it will lead to overgrowth; less fertilizer will lead to scorched yellow leaves and lack of luster in flowers.

Long-day sunshine is beneficial to flower bud differentiation of Gladiolus, lack of light will reduce flowering. However, after flower bud differentiation, short-day light can promote flower bud growth and early flowering.

3. How to make Gladiolus blossom all year round?

It has been introduced that Gladiolus can be divided into two categories: spring flowers and summer flowers, while summer flowers can be divided into early flowers, middle flowers and late flowers. If you want to make Gladiolus blossom all the year round, if you choose different varieties and plant them in stages, you can achieve this goal. If a batch is planted every half a month from March to July, it can continue to blossom from mid-June to National Day; from August to September, varieties that are more tolerant to low temperature are selected, and if the room temperature can be kept at 15 degrees after autumn, they can blossom in 11-12; from October to December, a batch is planted in a greenhouse with a room temperature above 15 degrees and 13 hours of light every day, then it can blossom from New Year's Day to May Day.

4. How to breed Gladiolus?

Gladiolus can be propagated by the method of dividing balls and sowing, and the method of dividing balls is usually used to propagate, because this method is beneficial to maintain the characteristics of the variety.

Every year after autumn, after the gladiolus withered, the underground bulb is dug out, there are generally more than two new balls around the mother ball, and there are many sub-balls attached to the new ball. We can separate it, remove the old ball, sort it according to size, put it in a cloth bag, hang it in a ventilated place, dry it in the shade, and breed it with a new big bulb, which can blossom in the same year; with a bulb, it can blossom in the next year. If the number of bulbs is small and you want to reproduce more, you can use the method of cutting the bulbs to reproduce. Two-year-old bulbs usually have 4-6 bud eyes. Arranged in a straight line. When cutting the bulb with a knife, each part should have a bud hole and a rooting part so that it can sprout and take root and grow into a new plant after planting.

Seed propagation is often used in hybrid culture of new varieties. When the gladiolus flowers are in full bloom, select the male and female parents, remove the stamens of the female flowers, and carry out artificial pollination hybridization. Pollination time should avoid summer, because gladiolus is afraid of heat, so as to avoid pollination sterility in hot days. The capsule will crack on its own when it is ripe, so the seeds should be harvested in time. Seeds should be sowed in time after harvest, and seeds can sprout easily in warm water for 5-6 hours before sowing. The small bulbs can grow in the ground of the plant in that year, dig out the dried shade after autumn, and blossom after replanting in the second year. Pay attention to retain the good and discard the bad and replant, and after the second flowering, the character is basically stable after the third flowering, that is, a new variety is bred.

5. How to control diseases and insect pests of Gladiolus?

The common diseases of Gladiolus include corm rot, leaf blight, etc.; the common pests are thrips, slugs and so on.

Corm rot is a disease that often occurs during storage. After contracting this disease, the bulb surface will appear yellowish brown slightly sunken disease spot, surrounded by black ulcer, when the air humidity is high, the disease spot expands rapidly, the surface appears turquoise mildew layer, leading to bulb atrophy dry hard. Precautions are to be careful when digging bulbs to avoid bulb trauma. After harvesting the bulbs, it is best to soak them in cold water first, then disinfect them with alcohol and store them dry in the shade, and make the storeroom ventilated and dry, keeping a low temperature of 4-5 degrees.

The disease of leaf blight began from the tip of the lower leaves of Gladiolus, which was faded green macula at first and black-brown mildew layer in the later stage, and the disease was more serious from July to September. The precaution is to peel off the dry scales of the bulbs before planting. The bulbs were soaked in 0.5% permanganic acid for 15 minutes and disinfected. Or in the early stage of plant disease, 1% equal volume Bordeaux solution or 50% Dysen zinc 1000 times solution, sprayed once every 8-10 days.

Thrips, adults and nymphs of this pest generally hide in the axils of the leaves during the day to harm the plants, and climb to the leaves in cloudy days or at night. It mainly eats the leaves, stems and flowers of the plant, changing the color of the leaves, leaving white-gray food marks and spawning marks on the Corolla, causing the petals to curl. It can be sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 400 times solution.

Slug, commonly known as slug, is a widely distributed and versatile pest. Its adults and nymphs often eat the buds and leaves of the plant, and often leave silver marks in the crawling places. It can be sprayed with 3% lime water or 100 times ammonia water.