How to raise geraniums, breeding methods and precautions / sufficient light for geraniums

Geranium is a kind of plant that is very common all over the world, and it is a common decorative flower. About how to raise geraniums, which has a lot to do with sunshine, watering, environment and other aspects, so what are the specific breeding methods and matters needing attention of geraniums? let's take a look at them.

How to raise geraniums / method is very important

In the process of geranium culture, there are many aspects that need to be paid attention to, such as weather, temperature, soil and so on. However, how to raise geraniums is not too complicated, as long as pay attention to a few details or very good survival.

II. Culture methods and matters needing attention of geraniums

1. Select soil

In the cultivation methods and matters needing attention of geranium, the selection of soil is the first step and a part of laying the foundation, so it is particularly important. For home farming, it is recommended to use a mixture of humus, garden soil and river sand, which will keep the soil loose and allow the geranium to better absorb nutrients.

two。 Fertilization management

In the growth process of geranium, there is still a certain demand for fertilizer, in the growth period, you can generally choose 10-15 days to apply fertilizer, in the spring and autumn these two peak seasons to slightly increase the frequency, generally 7-10 days to apply fertilizer.

3. Watering control

Watering is also a point that needs to be paid attention to in breeding geranium. be sure to control the watering time, and it is better to keep watering once every 3 days. Because if the flowers watered too frequently may lead to rotting roots of the geranium, too little watering may lead to a lack of nutrients, so be sure to master the degree.

4. Lighting demand

Geranium is a kind of plant that likes sunlight. If there is enough sunshine, it will help it blossom. However, it can not be exposed outside for a long time, especially when the summer sunshine is too strong, it should be moved to indoor semi-shade for breeding, and let it bask in the sun in spring and autumn.

5. Environmental impact

Remember to move the geranium indoors in time on windy or rainy days, because the geranium is a fragile plant, it may break if the wind is too strong, and too much rain may cause it to rot its roots. this still needs to be noted.

How to raise geraniums? Family culture methods and matters needing attention of geranium

Geranium is the national flower of Hungary, which has a long flowering period and strong adaptability to the environment, so it is very suitable for family potted plants. So, how to raise geraniums? Next, I would like to introduce the family culture methods and matters needing attention of geraniums.

Picture: geraniums

1. Family culture methods of geraniums

1. Soil

Pelargonium soil can be mixed with 4 humus soil, 3 garden soil (or peat soil), 2 river sand (or perlite) and 1 organic fertilizer, or mixed with fine sand soil, humus soil, perlite and organic fertilizer. Geranium requires that the soil is more loose and breathable, and the basin can be turned every autumn, or loosen the soil in time.

two。 Fertilization method

During the growth period, the geranium was applied liquid fertilizer every 10 to 15 days, while in spring and autumn, liquid fertilizer was applied every 7 to 10 days; nitrogen fertilizer was the main fertilizer before budding, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was the main fertilizer after budding, and the concentration was 0.1% to 0.2%. Put in indoor maintenance in winter, the temperature is higher, basically will not stop growing, can be properly fertilized. With high temperature in summer, the plant is in a semi-dormant state, so fertilization should be stopped. It is best to apply fertilizer in the evening and water it the next morning.

3. Watering method

The geraniums should be watered properly and would rather be dry than wet. Spring and autumn growth season should meet sufficient moisture, so that the basin soil often keep moist, but not stagnant water; cloudy or rainy days, generally do not water, do not fertilize. Plants can be properly accepted by Rain Water, but avoid too much Rain Water watering. Otherwise, it is easy to cause root rot.

In winter, according to the indoor temperature, try to use the temperature to irrigate, lest the water temperature is too low, resulting in plant stems and leaves yellowing. For detailed watering techniques, please see how to water the geraniums.

4. Temperature

Geraniums like warmth, avoid high temperature, and fear cold. The suitable growth temperature of geranium is 1525 ℃. In winter, the indoor temperature should be kept at 10 ℃. The geranium is vulnerable to chilling injury below 3 ℃, but some varieties can tolerate the low temperature of 0 ℃. In summer, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, it enters a semi-dormant state. Try to maintain ventilation to avoid muggy environment, which is not conducive to dormancy.

Picture: geraniums

5. Light

Geraniums are not afraid of bright light, but they need shade at noon in summer. The geranium grows strongly in the sun, the leaves are dark green, the internodes are short, and the plant shape is beautiful. Family farming, autumn, winter and spring should be placed in places with direct sunlight, flowering can be moved to indoor to appreciate maintenance, appropriate to receive light, but to avoid direct light, so as not to cause petals scorched.

II. Matters needing attention in family culture of geranium

1. There are different varieties of pelargonium and different plant height. Small plants should be selected for family planting. In addition, growth agents are needed to regulate them. When the plant grows to 12 cm or 15 cm, spray chlorpromazine once a week for 2 consecutive times. Ensure that the light is 14-18 hours a day, which can effectively control the height of the geranium and provide high-quality potted flowers.

two。 Special attention should be paid to watering geraniums, saying that more plants will die, while the roots will rot easily if the temperature and humidity are high. Of course, the flowering time can also be controlled, and the full flowering period is generally from April to June, but if the temperature is raised appropriately in winter, it can blossom all the time from September in autumn to June of the following year.

The above is about the introduction of geranium culture methods and matters needing attention, I hope it can be helpful to everyone!

Culture methods and matters needing attention of geraniums

Pelargonium, alias Shilahong, Zhonghong, sunflower, is a genus of flowering plants, including about 230 species of perennial fleshy, subshrubs or shrubs. Geraniums are native to southern Africa and are widely cultivated all over the world.

The geranium belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae, which belongs to perennial evergreen herbs or woody flowers. Native to southern Africa, it is widely cultivated all over the world. Pelargonium has a long flowering period, strong adaptability to the environment, plant size suitable for family potted plants, easy to reproduce, very popular, is one of the common potted flowers in families, and is also a common flower in flower beds in warm areas in winter. The small flowers of geranium are reunited, and the large inflorescences are shaped like hydrangeas with bright colors. Can be used for interior decoration, can also be arranged in spring flower beds and venues, the following is a detailed introduction to how to raise geraniums:

1. Soil selection of Pelargonium Culture

The pelargonium pot culture soil can be mixed with 4 humus soil, 3 garden soil (or peat soil), 2 river sand (or perlite) and 1 organic fertilizer, or mixed with fine sand soil, humus soil, perlite and organic fertilizer. Potted geraniums need to be turned in autumn.

two。 Fertilization methods for culture of geranium

During the growth period, liquid fertilizer is applied every 10-15 days, while in spring and autumn, liquid fertilizer is applied every 7-10 days; nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer before budding, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer after budding, and the concentration is 0.1%-0.2%. If the room temperature is relatively high in winter and does not stop growing, it should also be fertilized. Fertilization should be stopped when the plant is semi-dormant during the period of high temperature in summer. Because its stems and leaves are pilose, rinse with clean water immediately after fertilization.

3. Watering method of geranium culture

Watering properly would rather be dry than wet. Spring and autumn growth season should meet sufficient moisture, so that the basin soil often keep moist, but not stagnant water; in low temperature cloudy days, generally do not water, do not fertilize; less watering in summer. The high temperature season in the north is in the rainy season, during which the root system of the plant is relatively weak, so too much Rain Water irrigation should be avoided; days of overcast and rain will cause root rot, which should be placed in a place to avoid shade, dryness and ventilation. It can be watered according to the indoor temperature in winter, less watering at low room temperature and more watering at high room temperature. Pelargonium has a strong ability to withstand drought and will not die without watering for a few days, but the old leaves will turn yellow and fall off.

Watering should be dry and wet, and if the basin soil is too wet, it is easy to rot the roots, and if the basin soil is too dry, it is easy to cause the leaves to be withered and yellow, and it is semi-dormant from June to July, so watering should be strictly controlled. In summer, we often spray water to cool down, keep the basin soil moist, and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. Control watering in winter.

4. Temperature requirements for geranium culture

Geraniums like warmth, avoid high temperature, and fear cold. The suitable temperature for the growth of geranium is 1525 ℃, and the indoor temperature should be kept at 10 ℃ in winter. Less than 3 ℃ is susceptible to chilling injury, but some varieties can tolerate the low temperature of 0 ℃. In summer, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, it enters a semi-dormant state.

5. Light requirements of geranium culture

It grows strongly under direct sunlight, the leaves are dark green, the internodes are short, and the plant shape is beautiful. But when the summer light is too strong, shade should be 30% to 50%. When raising families, they should be placed in places with direct sunlight in autumn, winter and spring, and can be moved indoors to enjoy them when they are in bloom, but they should still be placed in a place with light after flowering. Like sufficient sunshine, lack of light, do not blossom; flowering should avoid direct strong light, otherwise, petals scorched, easy to wither.

Turn the basin once a week to make the leaf surface receive light evenly. Keep the plant shape symmetrical. Keep it in the shade in summer to avoid the hot sun. The room temperature in winter is not less than 5 ℃, and the light is fully visible.

6. Control of diseases and insect pests in geranium culture

The main diseases of geranium are mosaic disease, wrinkle skin disease, chlorosis, gray mold, root rot and bacterial wilt, etc., and the main pests are white mosquitoes, caterpillars, small feather moths, etc.: it is of great significance to control mosaic disease and kill aphids. At the same time, other parasitic plants nearby should be removed: the control of small feather moth can be sprayed with 1000 times of trichlorfon.

7. Matters needing attention in geranium culture

The main results are as follows: (1) in order to control the plant height and achieve the purpose of large and colorful flowers, except for the selection of dwarf geranium varieties, the application of growth regulators is very important. On the same day, the geraniums are planted in 12 cm or 15 cm pots for 2 weeks, and the leaves can be sprayed with 0.15% dwarf or longer, once a week, twice continuously, with light for 14 hours and 18 hours a day, which can effectively control the height of geraniums and provide high quality commercial potted flowers.

(2) it is more resistant to dryness, afraid of moisture, too much water is easy to cause plant death, if high temperature and high humidity, the root is easy to rot. Soil with good drainage, loose and rich in organic matter is required. The flowering period is long, and the full flowering period is from April to June. If the higher temperature is given in winter and properly managed, it can continue to bloom from September in autumn to June of the following year.

8. Propagation methods of geranium culture

Pelargonium is often propagated by sowing and cutting, as well as by tissue culture.

The main results are as follows: (1) sowing and propagation: the single seed of geranium is easy to bear seeds and can be sowed after harvest. If you want to sow seeds when the weather is cool, dry the seeds and store them in a paper bag. Under the condition of 20 ℃, it can germinate in about 7 ~ 10 days. After sub-seedling transplanting, when the seedling grows to 5-7 cm, it is planted in a 10-cm flowerpot and can blossom in the following spring.

Because the plant characters and flowering quality of sowing seedlings are poor, the sowing method is usually not used to propagate.

(2) Cuttage propagation: all the plants can be cut except that the plants are semi-dormant from June to August. But spring and autumn are the best. Cuttings are best taken from the mother plants with consistent flowering, frequent flowering, pure varieties and no diseases and insect pests. The top of the shoot and the tender stem below can be used as cuttings, but the top part is the best, with vigorous growth and fast rooting. After cutting the cuttings, soak them in 100mg / kg indolebutyric acid for 5min for 10 seconds, then dry them for half a day, let them wilt before cutting them in the sand bed or perlite mixed with peat at 1:1, cover them with a small arch shed and shade when the sun is strong. Keep the temperature 15-20 ℃, take root 3 weeks after 2-Mel, and transplant when the root length is 3-4 cm.

(3) tissue culture: in MS medium, 10mg / kg indolebutyric acid and kinetin were added to promote callus and adventitious buds, and 100mg / kg indolebutyric acid or indole acetic acid was used to promote rooting. Tissue culture propagation is mainly used for improved variety breeding and new variety breeding.

When should the geraniums change the basin?

Geraniums are easy to cultivate and have a long flowering period. Flowers are divided into separate and re-run, with red, white, pink, purple and other colors, beautiful leaves, large inflorescences shaped like hydrangea, bright colors, a good variety for balcony flowers.

Because of the fast growth and many flowers, the pot needs to be changed once a year. The early spring is in the flowering season, and after flowering in June, it is in the hot and humid season which is not suitable for growth and is in a semi-dormant state. The suitable time for basin change is from late August to early September. Pruning should be carried out before changing the basin, and remove dense branches, slender branches, disease and insect branches and long branches. There are 3 to 5 main branches with uniform distribution, and then the main branches and lateral branches are cut short, and only 3 lateral buds are left in each side branch, so that the distribution of the whole branch is uniform and compact, and the plant shape is plump and sturdy.

Bone meal was used as base fertilizer and watered 2 days after planting. Move to the sunny place indoors in November and move to the balcony at the end of April to avoid the scorching sun. During the period of growth and flowering, dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied once a week, and fertilizer should be stopped and watered less from July to August. Watering should also be controlled on weekdays, and only when the basin soil is white can it be watered.

How to prevent the rotting roots of geraniums

Geranium, also known as stone red, Ren La Hong, Hydrangea, Hydrangea, is a subshrub or perennial herb of the family Niuer Seedling. The whole body is covered with fine hairs and has a special smell.

Native to southern Africa, it is now widely cultivated all over the world. Like cold and cool climate, suitable temperature 10: 25 ℃, can withstand 0 ℃ low temperature, enter semi-dormancy state in summer high temperature period; like sufficient light, when lack of light, do not blossom. Flowering should avoid direct strong light, otherwise the flower is scorched, easy to wither; resistant to dryness, avoid moisture, too much water has the risk of death; like loose soil with good drainage. The full flowering period is from April to June, and the florescence is long. If higher temperature is given in winter and properly managed, it can blossom continuously from October in autumn to June of the following year.

Spring and autumn are the period of exuberant growth of geranium, so you can pour more water appropriately. When the summer temperature is high, the geranium is semi-dormant, so watering should be strictly controlled. To basin soil is not too can, at the same time, it is appropriate to water in the morning and evening, when the soil temperature is high at noon, do not water, otherwise it is very easy to cause root rot. Rainy days should be protected from the rain, in the "plum rain" season, must not let the basin soil for a long time too wet.

In order to prevent the rotting of geranium roots, sandy loam rich in humus and good drainage and air permeability should be selected in addition to watering. The clay structure produces poor drainage and air permeability and can not be used to plant geraniums.

When transplanting geraniums, the shovel should not be too close to the roots so as not to damage the roots. The roots should be kept intact as much as possible. if the roots are hurt, they are most likely to mildew and rot after watering.

In order to keep the roots of geraniums from rotting, it is necessary to control diseases and insect pests in time. Nematode is a common pest of geranium. When the temperature is 2530 ℃ and the humidity is about 40%, it is the most suitable time for nematode to invade the root of geranium. When the damage is serious, the root system will fall off one by one, or even rot completely.

How to cultivate large-flowered geranium?

Large flower geranium likes warm, moist and sufficient sunshine, afraid of stagnant water and frost, not only resistant to drought, but also resistant to waterlogging, but grows well in slightly acidic and fertile soil. If the temperature is kept at 18-25 ℃ and given enough light, the large-flowered geranium can blossom all the year round. If the light or fertilizer is insufficient, the branches will grow, and the flowers will blossom little or not. The family planting will be semi-dormant from June to August due to high temperature in summer. Northern families should plant on the sunny indoor balcony in winter, keep 15-20 ℃, leave the room after the weather is stable in April, and keep watering the leaves during the growing period.

In terms of daily management, a suitable growth environment should be created according to the habits of the geranium. Although it has strong adaptability, it still needs meticulous management to make it blossom all the year round, especially to pay attention to not less than 4 hours of light a day. First of all, always pay attention to ventilation, ensure humidity, and do a good job of cold prevention in winter. Secondly, the large-flowered geranium grows very fast, and the branches have strong phototaxis. The flowerpot should be turned every 3-5 days to prevent the crown from deviating, and pay attention to the supplement of compound fertilizer at the same time.

Third, the flower stem of the large-flowered geranium is born at the top growth point of the stem, so only more pruning can make the plant shape plump and symmetrical, and the flowers are numerous to prevent overgrowth. It should be noted that it is necessary to prevent its death from soft rot under the conditions of continuous high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation and frost injury when the temperature is below 2: 3 ℃. The leaves of large-flowered geranium can secrete antibiotics and have strong ability to resist diseases and insect pests.

How can geraniums be planted in summer and winter?

Pelargonium leaves are beautiful and beautiful, especially its leaves are like a shield, which makes people feel strange, but the smell of its leaves is not good for some people. Geraniums are characterized by many flowers and long florescence.

Geranium has two more prominent problems, one is that summer flowers or leaves are easy to fall off, which is because it encounters heat and enters a semi-dormant state, so it is necessary to control watering at this time, but not to fertilize it, move it to a cool place, spray water around it, and create a cool environment. Drainage should be carried out in time after heavy rain to prevent stagnant water from causing rotten roots and make its leaves fall and yellow.

Another point is to keep the temperature around 12 ℃ during the winter and put it in a sunny place to spend the winter. When the plant grows to 15 cm, it is necessary to pick the heart, make it multiple lateral branches, more flowering, and the plant shape is beautiful.

Control methods of Leaf spot of Pelargonium

[symptoms] at the beginning of the disease, chlorotic spots appeared on the susceptible leaves, and then the lesions gradually expanded to form large round spots. The disease spot is dark brown and has concentric rings. In the later stage of the disease, a black-green mold layer appeared on the disease spot, which was the conidia of the pathogen. [occurrence regularity] pathogens overwintered with mycelium in diseased remains or diseased tissues. Conidia are produced when the environmental conditions are suitable. Conidia are infected by wind and rain. During the growing season, conidia can repeatedly infect plants. The pathogen can invade directly from stomata, lenticels or epidermis, form primary infection, appear disease spot after 2-3 days incubation, produce conidia in 3-4 days, and repeatedly infect through airflow and Rain Water.

On the same day, when the geranium entered the blooming period, the basal leaves began to age and the bacteria accumulated on the plant. at this time, the disease began to occur and spread when the relative humidity of continuous rain was more than 70%. Therefore, sooner or later the rainy season comes, the number of rainy days, the size and distribution of rainfall, all affect the outbreak and epidemic of the disease.

[prevention and control methods] ① reduced the source of infection. Diseased leaves were cut off in time, together with concentrated destruction of diseased leaves; ② chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, spray 1 Vera 200 Bordeaux solution, or 50% bacillus special wettable powder, or 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 600 times 800 times, once every 10 to 15 days, 2 times for 3 times.

Tips for Cuttage Propagation of Geranium

Geraniums are propagated mainly by cutting. The cuttings from April to May can blossom in autumn, and from September to October, they will blossom in winter and spring. The stem is fresh, succulent and hollow, and it is easy to rot after cutting. the thicker the stem is, the higher the decay rate is. Therefore, the following problems should be paid attention to when cutting propagation:

(1) cutting time.

The cuttage propagation of Pelargonium is usually from April to May in spring or mid-late September in autumn, when the temperature is suitable. The cuttings are easy to rot because of high temperature and humidity in summer, and slow rooting when the temperature is low in winter.

(2) cutting and treatment of cuttings.

The cuttings should be cut from the mother plant with the same flowering sex, frequent flowering, pure variety and free of diseases and insect pests, the top of the shoot and the tender stem below should be 7 cm to 10 cm long. Cuttings should not be cut immediately after cutting, but should be hung for at least one day and night, and then cut after the cut is dry. The coring can also be carried out on the mother plant that is ready to take cuttings in advance, and after the new lateral branches are extracted, they can be cut from the base of the new lateral branches close to the mother plant, so that the cuttings have small incisions, solid but not hollow inside, easy to produce callus, take root faster, rarely rot, and have a high survival rate.

(3) cutting and post-cutting management.

The cutting substrate can choose clean river sand, vermiculite and perlite. The depth of the cuttings is about 1x3 of the length of the cuttings, and the large leaves on the cuttings are cut off, leaving only two leaflets on the cuttings to reduce water evaporation. After inserting, pour enough water, first put in a cool place to avoid direct sunlight, the substrate temperature is maintained at 15 ℃, about 1 month can take root. After taking root, it should be planted in the pot in time.

Propagation methods of geraniums

The main results are as follows: (1) sowing and reproduction can be sowed in spring and autumn, and indoor pot sowing in spring is better. The optimum temperature for germination is 20-25 ℃. The geranium seed is not large, the soil cover should not be deep after sowing, and it will germinate after about 14-21 days. It will sow in autumn and blossom in the summer of the following year. After sowing and propagation, excellent intermediate varieties can be selected and bred.

(2) Cuttage propagation can be carried out except that the plant is in a semi-dormant state from June to July. It is better to use spring and autumn. High temperature in summer, cuttings are easy to blacken and rot. Cuttings long 10cm, the top part is the best, vigorous growth, fast rooting. After cutting the cuttings, let the cut dry for several days, form a thin film, and then insert it into the sand bed or the mixed matrix of expanded perlite and peat, be careful not to hurt the bark of the cuttings, otherwise the wound will rot easily. After cutting, the cuttings were placed in semi-shade, kept at 13: 18 ℃ at room temperature, and rooting at 14: 21 days after cutting. when the roots were 3~4cm long, they could be potted. Soaking the base of cuttings with 0.01% indolebutyric acid for 2s can improve the survival rate and rooting rate of cuttings. Generally, the cuttings blossom after 6 months of cultivation, that is, cutting in January, flowering in June, cutting in October and flowering in February to March of the following year.

(3) tissue culture of geranium can also be propagated by tissue culture. Using MS medium as the basic medium, 0.001% indole acetic acid and kinetin were added to promote callus and adventitious buds, and 0.01% indole acetic acid was used to promote rooting.