How to manage cyclamen after sowing

Cyclamen is propagated by sowing, and the management from sowing to germination is particularly important to the development of cyclamen.

1. Budding stage management

Matrix: peat and perlite with good permeability are required to be mixed in a fixed proportion, with a ph value of 6 to 6.5, EC value less than 0.5, moderate humidity and avoid excessive humidity. Temperature: 18 degrees Celsius.

Light: germination period (about 21 days) without light, all dark. The air humidity required for seed germination is 95% (preferably with a germination chamber), and the hole plate is covered with plastic film.

Cover: after sowing, cover the seeds with vermiculite or perlite with a thickness of just enough to cover the seeds.

2. Management after sprouting:

Relative humidity: control at about 85%, spray to increase relative humidity if necessary.

Lighting: when the external light intensity exceeds 35 klux, it is recommended to use a sunshade net or cover the seed hole plate with non-woven cloth to keep the seeds moist.

Fertilization: according to the growth of seedlings, fertilization began from the fifth week after sowing, and the ratio of n ∶ p ∶ k was 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1. The leaves of the seedlings should be glossy, and if they are dark red, they should be fertilized.

Irrigation: if the water temperature is greater than 14 degrees Celsius, water is watered from above. The optimum value of matrix ec was 0.8 and the maximum was not more than 1.2. Ph values range from 6 to 6.5.

Transplanting: transplant 10 to 11 weeks after sowing. Super miniature and mini plant types can be put on the pot directly.

Put on the basin:

1. The matrix should be mixed with well-permeable peat,-proportional clay (10%) and perlite with a ph value of 6 to 6.5, which can be achieved by adding appropriate calcium fertilizer in the matrix. Use one-time or easy-to-disinfect acupoint plate, do not use dry acupoint plate.

2. The transplanting soil just covers the root system, leaving the bulbs exposed. Do not press down on the seedlings and the surrounding soil with your hands.

3. Growth conditions: relative humidity: maintained between 65% and 85%, humidity can be increased by spray. Lighting: when the external light intensity exceeds 35 klux, it is recommended to use sunshade net. Fertilization: according to the plant growth, the n ∶ p ∶ k was 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1, and the n ∶ p ∶ k ratio was 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 2 two weeks later. Large plant type can be obtained by applying nitrogen fertilizer, and compact plant type can be obtained by applying potassium fertilizer. The irrigation water temperature is more than 14 degrees Celsius, and it is watered from the top during this period. The optimum value of matrix ec was 0.8 and the maximum was not more than 1.2. The ph ranges from 6 to 6.5.

Management of sowing and budding period of cyclamen

Cyclamen, also known as radish and begonia, rabbit ear flower, is a perennial root herb, the flowers are white, pink, purple, magenta, flag red, some also have tooth edge and aroma, flowering from autumn to spring is a very good Spring Festival flowers.

In this paper, the technical points of cultivating cyclamen in greenhouse are introduced in detail.

First, the preparation before sowing: (1) sowing time: cultivated in a greenhouse with relatively well-equipped facilities (with facilities such as heating, cooling, shading, spraying, ventilation, etc.). The sowing time of cyclamen is not limited by the season, but is determined by the time when the finished flower is on the market and the growth period of the variety. In order to save energy and obtain higher profits, and taking into account the impact of environmental conditions on the growth rate, it is recommended to sow seeds from September to November. (2) sowing mode: if the production scale is large, sowing with seeder saves labor and time and is conducive to sprouting neatly, and manual sowing in small horticulture farm saves cost. (3) Seedling pot type: because cyclamen has a long budding period, it is recommended to use 12 or 28 cyclamen to raise seedlings in order to save space and energy, and can reduce the poor growth of seedlings caused by too many transplanting times. (4) preparation of matrix: the selection of substrate is very important, which can be made of peat, a special substrate for raising seedlings, or a mixture of 90% ash peat (or domestic peat) and 10% fine gravel. 500g of nutrient fertilizer can be added to each matrix, and the pH value of the matrix can be kept between 5.6and 5.8. certain fungicides can also be added to the matrix to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

Second, sowing: compacting the hole plate with the matrix, pressing a small pit in the middle of each hole to sow the seeds in the center, then covering about 5 mm of vermiculite, watering to make the matrix fully wet. Previously, the seeds could be soaked in 24 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, or they could be directly sown with dry seeds, and the burrow tray after sowing could be put into the germination chamber to accelerate germination. The room was kept completely black, and the temperature was controlled at 18 ℃, and the relative temperature was about 90%. In order to maintain humidity, the acupoint plate can be wrapped in plastic film, and the seedlings can germinate in about 20 days, so that the average germination rate can reach about 80%.

3. Budding stage:

Sprouting period: the pH value of the matrix should be less than 6.2, otherwise it is easy to have calcium poisoning. 3 to 4 weeks after sowing: the radicle appears, and at this stage cyclamen seeds are still in the germination chamber, requiring completely dark and humid environmental conditions. After sowing for 14 days, the acupoint plate should be checked every day to see if the radicle is growing. About 20 days after sowing, it began to sprout one after another, and the speed of germination was very different due to the difference of environmental conditions. When most of the seeds in a disk have sprouted, you can remove the tray from the dark conditions, and you don't have to wait for all the seeds to sprout, otherwise it is easy to cause some seedlings to grow.

In this process, the matrix needs to maintain a very high humidity, when gently squeezing the matrix, there should be water on the surface of the matrix, do not let the surface of the matrix dry. If the temperature is too high at this time, it has a great influence on the germination uniformity.

About 5 to 6 weeks after sowing: dark green cotyledons begin to grow, humidity is very important at this time, do not let the disk dry up due to lack of water. If the seed coat is dried and attached to the seed, the cotyledons will not be drawn out. Maintaining a relative humidity of about 90% is beneficial to the removal of seed coat and to the elongation of cotyledons. In order to maintain the temperature, the hole plate can be immersed in water, and the temperature is still 18 ℃ to 20 ℃. After the cotyledons were extracted, the cotyledons were fertilized with water, and 50 to 75ppm calcium nitrate compound fertilizer was applied every 2 to 3 times of watering, or the fertilizer suitable for seedling growth could be applied directly. At this time, the seedlings can be exposed to some light, but not too strong, not more than 15000lux.

7 to 8 weeks after sowing: the cotyledons had fully expanded, the real leaves grew, and the root system began to go deep into the burrow disk. The key point at this stage is to control the moisture of the plant to prevent overgrowth. The humidity of the matrix should be moist to the touch of the hand, and the air humidity should be kept at about 85%. If you started by sowing the seeds in the 31th pot, it's time for you to transfer the seedlings. The seedlings can be transplanted to a 7-inch burrow plate to avoid overcrowding and making the seedlings grow too fine. Watering at this stage must be thoroughly watered, otherwise it will cause salt accumulation in the roots and lead to poor root development. The growth temperature remains the same, and the suitable growth temperature is 18 to 20 ℃. When it is observed that the root system of the seedling has protruded from the bottom of the plate, the nighttime temperature can be reduced to 18 ℃. After the first true leaf grows, you can apply 75 to 100ppm fertilizer once a week, and if the plant growth is too weak, you can add some nitrogen fertilizer. At this stage, the 25000lux has enough light.

Plant: with 3 to 4 true leaves is the critical moment for the neatness of flower and plant type, as well as the critical moment before transplanting seedlings. Never let the plant grow too crowded and grow in vain. At this time, the leaves of the seedlings have completely covered the matrix in the holes, and the roots have wrapped the matrix tightly, but the roots have not yet formed the entanglement between the pores. The humidity of the substrate is still suitable to be moist, and the air humidity is reduced to 75 to 80%. At this time, the temperature can be reduced to 16 ℃ at night and 18 to 20 ℃ during the day, the cooler the better. The light does not exceed 35000lux. Sowing and breeding methods of cyclamen

The flowering period of cyclamen is from November of that year to March of the following year, blooming on the stem of the bulb one after another, and the flowering period is from late November to late January. It takes about two and a half months from the flower to the seed to mature, and it can be picked when the fruit yellowes and softens and the top is slightly cracked. Its seeds are relatively large, and each flower can bear 40 seeds, which must be harvested and dried in the shade for 4 days. The collected seeds should be moistureproof, aerated and germinated for three years. As cyclamen varieties are easy to cross naturally, the characteristics and characteristics of cyclamen varieties often change. In order to prevent confusion and retain purebred species, it is necessary to put bags on the remaining flowers.

For the sowing and propagation of cyclamen, it is better to sow seeds after autumn or before Lesser Snow. Soaking seeds in water overnight can germinate ahead of time. Regular point sowing method, generally bred in the basin, hole distance of about 2 cm, cover thickness of about 1 cm, basin cover glass sheet. After sowing, it was watered for the first time, then kept dry and sprouted after about 40 days. After the seedlings have two cotyledons, they can use bamboo slices to move into small pots and gradually change large pots according to their growth. If the seedlings are moved late and the plants are delicate, it is possible that bulbs cannot be formed. The bonsai with a caliber of 15 cm is the best. The cultivation soil should be sandy loam rich in humus, and the tuber should not be buried too deep when planting, so that its top is flush with the soil surface. It can blossom in 2 years.

Management should pay attention to watering, but watering should not be too much, as long as it is often kept moist. Spray water to sprinkle water on the leaves, do not drink to the flowers, such as too dry, wilt, then watering can not restore vitality. Cyclamen is fond of fertilizer, but it must be applied frequently, for example, if you apply too much thick fertilizer at one time, it will wilt and die. Generally every other week to apply mature liquid fertilizer (1 part of liquid fertilizer plus 8 parts of water is appropriate), can not be poured on the leaves, flowering water and fertilizer is not good, flowers are bright, cyclamen growth of the most suitable temperature of 15 min 20 degrees, when the summer temperature reaches 28 degrees, the leaves are easy to yellow wilt and stop growing, at this time put the pot in a cool and ventilated place, do not make the ball dormancy. Cut to learn the frost, move to the sunny place indoors after October, pay attention to heat preservation, keep the room from freezing, and make it blossom one after another. Stop fertilizing when blooming, know when watering, if watering too much, the flowers will wither quickly.

Experienced gardeners who raise cyclamen often say that "raising a small child does not provide for the aged". Cyclamen blossoms luxuriantly and brightly in the first 2-3 years in the pot, and then it becomes weaker and weaker if it is still in the original pot, often with flowers without leaves or leaves without flowers, or even rotten balls. For the treatment of the old ball, you can dig up the old ball and take off the old ball after the Beginning of Autumn, remove the decayed part of the old ball, change the fertilizer soil in the basin and replant it, pay attention not to plant it deep, but expose most of it to the outside of the soil. In management, like the seed ball or the small bulb sown and bred, it can still grow exuberantly and have luxuriant leaves.