How to manage the flowering period of cyclamen

Cyclamen in full bloom is very favored by people. It is a high-grade potted flower in winter decorating living rooms, desks, shops, restaurants and other public places. Cyclamen is in full bloom from November to March, so it is necessary to do a good job in post-flowering management.

In the same situation, the newly propagated cyclamen seedlings blossomed earlier, while the summer bulbs blossomed a little later. If you move to a place with a higher temperature (not more than 18 degrees Celsius) and maintain a constant humidity during budding, you can blossom ahead of time. After the formation of flower buds, when the pedicel is still short, 0.01% gibberellin solution can be sprayed on the pedicel, which can promote growth and accelerate flowering. If you want to cultivate a new variety, select good parents and pollinate the anther, when the anther is not mature, first use tweezers to castrate, bag, and then cross, it is possible to breed a new variety.

From May to August, the temperature gradually increased and the flowers withered. If you want it to grow and blossom normally, you'd better change a large basin, add an appropriate amount of humus, put it on the balcony or other well-ventilated and cool places, and spray water on the leaves frequently to replenish evaporated water and improve air humidity. Spraying 0.1% kh2po4 foliar fertilizer every semimonthly, and applying secondary soil fertilizer n:p:k=1:0.7:2 with a concentration of 0.1% can make it blossom continuously after September, when cyclamen grows actively. The new leaves slowly stretch and expand, and some of the old leaves begin to yellow and atrophy, and the yellow leaves can be removed. The mixed liquid fertilizer of n:p:k=10:15:20 is poured every 10 days with a concentration of 0.1%, in preparation for it to blossom again in the future. Don't forget that germicides should be sprayed regularly at the same time.

The summer temperature is more than 35 degrees Celsius and is perishable. Bulbs with temperatures below 5 degrees Celsius in winter are vulnerable to frost damage. When the temperature is above 30 degrees Celsius, the bulbs are dormant. At that time, cyclamen can be placed in a cool place outside for shelter from the rain, and water can be reduced. The basin soil is better to be too dry, but not too dry, so as to prevent the corms from shriveling or sprouting and flowering too late, so that they can safely enter the dormancy state. The Beginning of Autumn began to water a small amount after the temperature was about 25 degrees Celsius to keep the basin soil moist, but not too wet to prevent decay. In late September, when cyclamen was about to germinate and grow, a basin was turned to change the soil. The basin soil chooses the sandy soil rich in humus, and it is best to disinfect it at high temperature for half an hour (steamed with water or directly scalded with boiling water). Remove the yellow leaves while the bulbs are exposed to the soil.

Pollination method and post-anthesis management of cyclamen

Cyclamen

The flowering period of cyclamen with rich flowers and fresh leaves is generally around the Spring Festival, which gives people a feeling of vitality when it is in full bloom, which is very eye-catching, but its mode of reproduction is mainly sowing reproduction. The important thing is that the source of its seeds can only be obtained by artificial pollination, so the following introduces the artificial pollination and post-anthesis management of cyclamen!

I. Plant selection and time determination

The varieties of pollination must choose healthy plants with various excellent characters, such as strong growth, no disease infection, ideal florescence and so on. Pollination should be carried out during the full bloom in January. Too late, such as March or April, is the late stage of growth and flowering, the plant begins to senescence, the seed can not mature, or mature but not ideal, and the plant will be affected over the summer.

II. Pollination

Choose the flowers within three days of flowering as the pollination object, when there is mucus on the stigma and the pollen is orange. The method is: after 10 a. M. on a sunny day, gently pinch the flower with the right thumb and index finger, shock the pollen on the thumb cover of the left hand, and then gently dip the pistil stigma that needs pollination on the pollen. To ensure success, the second pollination can be carried out one or two days after the first pollination. Before proceeding, hands should be washed strictly to avoid carrying bacteria. It is best to use sterilized metal gadgets, such as medical tweezers.

III. Maintenance of plants after pollination

5-6 days after pollination, the petals fell off, the ovary began to expand, and the pedicel bent downward, indicating that pollination was successful. In order to ensure the nutrition needed for seed development, all flowers should be picked except those that have been pollinated successfully. Generally, plants with 18 cm pot diameter can bear 20-30 fruits, plants with 15 cm pot diameter can bear 5-20 fruits. At the same time, to strengthen the management of pollinated plants, bone powder can be applied once to facilitate fruit development and seed fullness. The fruit ripens gradually after April and is harvested when the fruit is about to crack.

Cyclamen

IV. Post-flowering management of cyclamen

After cyclamen flowers, as the temperature rises, the aboveground parts will gradually wither and enter the state of summer dormancy. During summer dormancy, put a cool, ventilated north balcony or room with flowerpots and manage them as usual. when watering, you should still water thoroughly to keep the bulbs hard; if you don't need much fertilizer during dormancy, don't fertilize it any more. When the weather turns cooler and autumn comes, it will sprout again and enter the next round of growing season.

In late September, when cyclamen was about to germinate and grow, a basin was turned to change the soil. The basin soil chooses the sandy soil rich in humus, and it is best to disinfect it at high temperature for half an hour (steamed with water or directly scalded with boiling water). The yellow leaves were removed at the same time that the bulbs were exposed by 1/3 of the soil.

During development, thin liquid fertilizer dominated by phosphorus should be applied every 10 days (daily maintenance, watering and fertilization should not flood the dome, nor should it be poured on flower buds and tender leaves, otherwise it is easy to rot), and gradually see more sunlight to prevent the petiole from growing too long. When the pedicel is ready to bloom, one more bone powder can be applied. Some water-soluble and efficient nutrient solution can be applied at flowering stage.

Because cyclamen is a plant that likes wet and afraid of waterlogging, it should not be watered too much in the process of conservation, otherwise it is easy to have rotten roots, rotten stems and even death, which will eventually affect not only the ornamental value of cyclamen, but also the reproduction rate of cyclamen, so as long as the soil in the flowerpot is moist to prevent sick pests.

Do cyclamen use watering during dormant period? management and maintenance of cyclamen

Flower bonsai network guide: today's flower bonsai network to share with you is about cyclamen dormant period with watering, cyclamen management and maintenance of the article, let's take a look.

The toxicity of cyclamen

This plant has a certain degree of toxicity, especially the rhizome, accidental eating may cause diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms; skin contact may cause skin redness, swelling and itching; if these symptoms appear, please consult a doctor, do not let animals or children mistakenly eat the plant and its roots.

Cyclamen (scientific name: Cyclamenpersicum), alias turnip begonia, rabbit ear flower, rabbit flower, a crown, bonspark, petal lotus, is a perennial herb of cyclamen of purple Taurus family. Cyclamen is a widely cultivated flower, which is suitable for indoor flowerpots and greenhouse in winter. Some cultivated species of cyclamen have strong aroma, while others have light or no aroma. The word "cyclamen" comes from the transliteration of the scientific name Cyclamen. Because of its ingenious transliteration, the flower name has the meaning of "celestial visitors come". Cyclamen is the city flower of Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, and the mascot of the 43rd World Table Tennis Championships held in Tianjin in 1995.

This flower is alias Begonia, but it belongs to Primulaceae.

Chinese name: cyclamen to San Marino national flower

Latin name: CyclamenpersicumMill.

English name: Florist'sCyclamen,PersianCyclamen,sowbread,persianviolet,primrose

English alias: rabbit flower, rabbit ear flower, Yipinguan, radish begonia. Bu Haitang, rabbit flower, bonspark, petal lotus.

Cultivation method of cyclamen

Greenhouse selection

Choose a solar greenhouse facing north to south. There are heating and wet curtain cooling facilities in the greenhouse. In winter, the greenhouse film is covered with grass curtain to keep warm, and the temperature is kept at 10 ℃ ~ 12. Above C, relative humidity 60% to 100%. In summer, 75% sunshade net is built, the temperature is kept at 12 ℃ ~ 18 "C, and the light intensity is controlled at 25000 ~ 35000 lux.

Early seedling stage

When cotyledons are fully grown and 2 or 3 true leaves appear, the seedlings sown in the 288 hole plate should be moved into 72 or 50 hole trays. The key points of management at this stage are high humidity (80% 85%), variable temperature (18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ during the day, 15 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ at night), medium light (15000 lux), fertilizer adjustment (75 per liter when the cotyledon fully expands and the first true leaf appears. 100 mg ammonia nitrogen fertilizer or calcium sulfate is used in turn for 7 days for 10 days). The refining seedling stage should properly control moisture (70%-80% humidity), temperature (18 ℃-20% during the day and 15 ℃-16 ℃ at night), increase light (35000 lux), and apply reasonable fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is 100mg per liter, once a week).

Cyclamen transplanting management

Pot seedlings should be transplanted in time after 4 or 5 true leaves, and flowerpots are generally 15-18 cm plastic flowerpots with high-quality bottom reticular structure. The matrix with rich organic matter and humic acid, strong water retention and large porosity (saprophyllite, cow dung and perlite at 2:1:1) should be selected as the ideal substrate for cyclamen cultivation in Northwest China. When the seedlings were moved, the bulbs were exposed with 1 beat 2-1 stroke 3, and the seedlings were placed in the middle of the basin, leaving a water mouth 1 cm away from the basin mouth. After going into the basin, methyl topiramate (800-1000 times) was sprayed with agricultural streptomycin in time to prevent bacteria from invading from the wound, and it was better to irrigate the roots for 2 times. The carrying capacity of solar greenhouse should be 8 per square meter and 12 pots. Shade within a week after transplanting, and then gradually increase the light to a maximum of 30000 lux. Due to the phototaxis of plants, the pots were turned once 15-20 days after potting. The humidity is controlled at 60%-70% during the day and 80%-85% at night; the temperature is 23 ℃-26 ℃ during the day and 15 ℃-17 ℃ at night; nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 1 ℃-17 ℃ is used alternately with the compound fertilizer N: P: K = 2:1:2, the concentration should be gradually increased from 200mg / L to 500mg / L. the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at seedling stage is beneficial to corm development, leaf thickening and resistance improvement. Summer management should be shaded (25000 30000 lux is better), temperature drop (wet curtain should be installed in solar greenhouse, preferably below 28 ℃), ventilation (fan should be installed), disease prevention should be done (agricultural streptomycin and methyl topiramate 800 times should be sprayed, agricultural streptomycin and copper preparation should be used alternately, but both pesticides should not be used simultaneously).

Cultivation and management

During cultivation, the soil should be loose, and two parts of rotten leaf soil, one part of garden soil and a small amount of calcium superphosphate can be used. You can also use sun-dried or broken river mud, or a mixture of 2 parts of peat and 1 part of perlite. The cultivated soil needs to be fumigated. When changing pots, depending on the size of the plant, gradually increase the flowerpot, should not directly use large pots to cultivate small seedlings. It should be planted shallowly when planting. Large seedlings in the basin, change the basin, to make the ball 2 + 3-1 + 2 on the soil surface, so as to prevent the ball from wet rot in the soil. Avoid applying thick fertilizer, which is easy to hurt the root. Topdressing can be about 3 times a month, before fertilization, it is appropriate to loosen the soil, to choose clear days to apply fertilizer, fertilizer should not be applied from the top of the plant, should be applied on the side, and should be washed by spraying water after fertilization.

The maintenance and management of cyclamen is roughly divided into five stages:

1. Seedling stage

The first leaf is long, and when the real leaf emerges, it should be transplanted. When the seedling has 3 ~ 4 leaves, it can be planted in a flowerpot with a diameter of 10cm. Later, as the plant grows, the larger flowerpot will be replaced, and the time to change the pot should not exceed June at the latest. If the seedling is small, you can let it stay in a small flowerpot for the summer. Seedlings need sunshade. In hot weather, we should often loosen soil, weed, water and fertilize.

2. seedling protection stage in summer.

The high temperature in summer is not conducive to the growth of cyclamen. The application of cooling equipment to reduce the ambient temperature can make it safe to spend the summer. In order to avoid high temperature, two-layer shading net can be used to shade the sun, control watering and stop fertilization.

3. Flowering stage in the first year

If the growth is restored after autumn, the amount of water can be gradually increased and thin fertilizer can be applied. Put it in a sunny place in mid-October. The greenhouse air should be moist. Fertilize 2-3 times a month. Fertilization is generally not needed from the middle of December to the beginning of February, but it can not be stopped in the environment with high temperature. It usually begins to bloom in November.

4. Summer bulb resting stage

After May, the leaves gradually yellowed and should be gradually stopped watering to make them dormant. After the leaves have withered, they should be placed in a low temperature and ventilated environment to make the bulbs safe to spend the summer. The basin is usually placed in a cool and sheltered place.

5. Flowering stage in the second year

After the hot summer, slightly water, so that the bulb sprouting. After sprouting, change the pot with the newly cultivated soil to get rid of the rotten root system. Keep it in the greenhouse and blossom in about 12 months. After flowering, it entered the summer bulb dormancy period. Newly propagated seedlings usually begin to blossom in November. If the temperature is kept at 1520 C at the budding stage, spraying 100 mg gibberellin on buds and pedicels can promote pedicel elongation and accelerate flowering.

Cyclamen maintenance and management

Watering should be wet rather than waterlogging, fertilization should be thin, not thick, and light should be warm and not hot.

Watering should be wet and not waterlogged: always keep the soil moist and do not accumulate water at the roots.

Cyclamen has some contradictions in water absorption. It likes the moist environment very much, but it is afraid of too much water, so when we water it, we should water it appropriately once a day to maintain the wettability of the basin soil, and at the same time control the amount of water watering. Water must not accumulate on the basin soil so as not to corrode its roots. Spray more water for it in summer to ensure normal water absorption.

Fertilization should be thin and not thick: thin fertilizer should be applied every ten days during the growing period, and little or no nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at flowering stage.

Cyclamen is a more fertile plant, but it likes thin fertilizer, especially in its growing period, we give it thin fertilizer every ten days or so, and we have to apply liquid fertilizer again when cyclamen is pregnant. Try to apply less fertilizer during the flowering period, even if you apply a thin fertilizer once in a while, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer. When fertilizing, you should be very careful not to pour fertilizer and water directly on the flowers and leaves, otherwise it will be easily corroded.

The light should be warm and not hot: the sun should be warm and warm, avoid direct sunlight in summer, and should be shaded.

When the sun is relatively warm and not harsh, cyclamen can be exposed to more sunlight. Sufficient sunlight is conducive to promoting flower blooming. In summer, cyclamen should be placed in a place where there is scattered light, and should be shaded when necessary. To avoid being sunburned by the hot sun.

Ventilation conditions: cyclamen breeding sites should also have good ventilation conditions when the weather is too hot and the surrounding environment is not ventilated, cyclamen will easily go dormant. In addition, the suitable temperature is also very important for the growth of cyclamen. Try to keep it at 20 degrees during the day. When it is overheated in summer, you must do a good job of cooling and shading. In winter, the indoor temperature should not be lower than 10 degrees, otherwise it will affect the normal growth of cyclamen.

Matters needing attention

Change the basin at the right time, generally dormant bulbs begin to sprout in mid-September, change the basin immediately, do not cover the soil without bulbs. When the cyclamen bulb which has just changed the basin sends new roots, it should not be watered too much to prevent rotten balls, and the basin soil should be slightly dry.

Pay attention to ventilation and shading during the growing period, always pay attention to indoor ventilation and shading, when the leaves are luxuriant, open the basin distance, so as not to cause the leaves to turn yellow and rot. Cyclamen is in full bloom around the Spring Festival, and ventilation should be adjusted in sunny days to avoid excessive indoor humidity, causing flowers to wither and pedicels to rot. The filling period is when the temperature rises, the amount of water increases, strictly prevent indoor temperature and humidity is too high, pay attention to ventilation regulation, so as not to cause flower stem rot and fruit mildew. In the middle of June, the leaves began to turn yellow and fall off, and the corms entered the dormant period. Dormant bulbs are placed in a well-ventilated, cool place and maintain a certain degree of humidity. Too wet bulbs are easy to rot and too late to sprout and blossom.

Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, fertilize once every ten days during the growth and development period of cyclamen, and gradually see more sunlight, so as not to make the petiole grow too long and affect the appearance. When the pedicel is pulled out to budding, apply bone powder or superphosphate once more. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, New Year's Day can blossom around. Stop applying nitrogen fertilizer during flowering, and control watering, especially in rainy and snowy days, water can not be poured on flower buds and tender leaves, otherwise it is easy to rot and affect normal flowering. After flowering, bone powder was applied again to facilitate fruit development and seed ripening. The fruit began to mature before and after May. After harvest, the seeds were peeled off and stored in a ventilated place to dry. In the early stage of cyclamen growth, 20mur20 general fertilizer can be used, that is, nitrogen content (N) 20%, phosphorus content (P205) 20%, potassium content (K20) 20%. The special fertilizer for potted flowers can be used at flowering stage, 15mur15Mel 20 water-soluble and efficient nutrient solution.

(cyclamen pictures)

Management and maintenance of cyclamen

When cyclamen is cultivated, the soil should be loose, and it can be used as a mixture of 2 rotten leaf soil, 1 garden soil and a small amount of calcium superphosphate. You can also use sun-dried or broken river mud, or a mixture of 2 parts of peat and 1 part of perlite. The cultivated soil needs to be fumigated. When changing pots, depending on the size of the plant, gradually increase the flowerpot, should not directly use large pots to cultivate small seedlings. It should be planted shallowly when planting. When the big seedlings are potting and changing pots, they should make the ball 2, 3, 3, 1 and 2 live on the soil surface, so as to prevent the ball from wet rot in the soil. Avoid applying thick fertilizer, which is easy to hurt the root. Topdressing can be about 3 times a month, before fertilization, it is appropriate to loosen the soil, to choose clear days to apply fertilizer, fertilizer should not be applied from the top of the plant, should be applied on the side, and should be washed by spraying water after fertilization.

The maintenance and management of cyclamen is roughly divided into five stages:

1. Seedling stage

The first leaf is long, and when the real leaf emerges, it should be transplanted. When the seedling has 3-4 leaves, it can be planted in a flowerpot with a diameter of 10cm. Later, as the plant grows, the larger flowerpot will be replaced, and the time to change the pot should not exceed June at the latest. If the seedling is small, you can let it stay in a small flowerpot for the summer. Seedlings need sunshade. In hot weather, we should often loosen soil, weed, water and fertilize.

two。 Summer seedling protection stage

The high temperature in summer is not conducive to the growth of cyclamen. The application of cooling equipment to reduce the ambient temperature can make it safe to spend the summer. In order to avoid high temperature, two-layer shading net can be used to shade the sun, control watering and stop fertilization.

3. Flowering stage in the first year

If the growth is restored after autumn, the amount of water can be gradually increased and thin fertilizer can be applied. Put it in a sunny place in mid-October. The greenhouse air should be moist. Fertilize 2-3 times a month. Fertilization is generally not needed from mid-December to early February, but it can not be stopped in the environment with higher temperature. It usually begins to bloom in November.

4. Summer bulb resting stage

After May, the leaves gradually yellowed and should be gradually stopped watering to make them dormant. After the leaves have withered, they should be placed in a low temperature and ventilated environment to make the bulbs safe to spend the summer. The basin is usually placed in a cool and sheltered place.

5. Flowering stage in the second year

After the hot summer, slightly water, so that the bulb sprouting. After sprouting, change the pot with the newly cultivated soil to get rid of the rotten root system. Keep it in the greenhouse and blossom in about 12 months. After flowering, it entered the summer bulb dormancy period. Newly propagated seedlings usually begin to bloom in November. If the temperature was kept at 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ at the budding stage, spraying gibberellin of 100mg/L on the buds and pedicels could promote pedicel elongation and accelerate flowering.