Breeding methods and matters needing attention of basil

Select a place

Basil is a deep-rooted plant, and its roots can be buried in 50cm and 100cm, so it is appropriate to choose sandy loam with good drainage and fertile looseness. Apply enough basal fertilizer before planting, flatten and rake fine, and make a flat or high bed of about 130 centimeters.

Raising seedlings

Because the frost-free period is short, it is necessary to raise seedlings in greenhouse or greenhouse in order to harvest seeds in open field. If you only eat tender stems and leaves, seedlings can also be direct seeded. The seedlings were sown in the middle and last ten days of April.

Put the seeds in a gauze bag, shake the water with a blanket, cover it with a wet towel or gauze, keep warm and moisturized, and germinate at a temperature of about 25 degrees Celsius. In the process of sprouting, rinse with clean water once a day, control clean, such as a large amount of seeds, turn it once or twice a day to balance the temperature and sprout neatly. The temperature in the early stage of budding can be slightly higher to promote budding. when the bud is about to come out (the seed will open its mouth), the temperature should drop by 3-5 degrees Celsius to make the bud stout and neat. After sprouting, if you encounter special weather, you can move the buds to 5-10 degrees Celsius to control the growth of buds and wait for sowing.

Planting time

From March to April in the south and from late April to May in the north, the sowing should be carried out on a sunny morning. The nutritive soil should be loaded into the sowing plate and watered thoroughly with hot water or warm water. After the water seeps, sprinkle a layer of medicinal soil, sow the sprouted seeds evenly on the plate, cover it with 1 cm thick medicinal soil, cover with plastic film, keep warm and humid. Strip sowing open shallow ditches according to row spacing of 35 cm, hole sowing according to acupoint spacing of 25 cm, spread them evenly into ditches or holes, cover a layer of thin soil, and keep the soil moist, with seeds of 0.2 to 0.3 kg per mu. Seedling transplanting can also be used. In the north, seedlings can be raised in the sunny bed in March, and the seedlings can be transplanted to the field with soil when the seedling height is 10-15 cm. Water steadily after transplanting.

1. Morphological characteristics.

Basil has conical taproot and dense fibrous roots arising from it. Stem erect, obtusely quadrangular, distally minutely sulcate, base glabrous, distally inverted puberulent, green, often dyed red, much branched. Leaves ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 2.5 × 5 cm long, 1 × 2.5 cm wide, apex slightly obtuse or acute, base attenuate, margin irregularly dentate or nearly entire, both surfaces subglabrous, with glandular spots below, lateral veins 3-4 pairs, more or less obvious with midvein flattened above; petiole elongated, ca. 1.5 cm, subflattened, ±narrowly winged toward leaf base, puberulent.

Racemes terminal on stems and branches, each puberulent, usually 10-20 cm long, consisting of most 6-flowered verticillate inflorescences, the lower ones are far away, up to 2 cm apart from each other, and the upper ones are close; bracts fine, oblanceolate, 5-8 mm long, shorter than verticillum, apex acute, base attenuate, sessile, margin ciliate, often colored. Pedicel conspicuous, flowering ca. 3 mm, fruit elongated, ca. 5 mm, apex obviously recurved.

Calyx bell-shaped, 4 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, outside pubescent, inner face sparsely pilose at throat, calyx tube about 2 mm long, calyx teeth 5, 2-lipped, upper lip 3 teeth, middle teeth the widest, 2 mm long, 3 mm wide, subrounded, concave, with a short tip, margin extending to calyx tube, lateral teeth broadly ovoid, 1.5 mm long, apex acute, lower lip 2 teeth, lanceolate, 2 mm long, prickly tip Tooth margin all ciliate, calyx persistent when fruiting, obviously enlarged, up to 8 mm long, 6 mm wide, obviously declinated, veined conspicuously.

Corolla lavender, or upper lip white, lower lip purplish red, protruding calyx, ca. 6 mm, outside puberulent on lip, inner face glabrous, crown tube hidden, ca. 3 mm long, throat somewhat enlarged, limb 2-lipped, upper lip wide, 3 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 4-lobed, lobes nearly equal, suborbicular, often wavy wrinkled, lower lip oblong, 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, decumbent, entire Nearly flat. Stamens 4, separate, slightly beyond Corolla, inserted in middle of Corolla tube, filiform, with dentate appendages to filament base, puberulent, anthers ovoid, confluent into 1 locule. Style beyond stamens, apex equaling 2-lobed. Disk flat-topped, with 4 teeth, teeth not exceeding ovary.

Nutlets ovoid, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, dark brown, with glandular cavities, with 1 white navel at base. The florescence is usually from July to September and the fruiting period is from September to December.

2. Distribution of producing areas

Native to Africa, America and tropical Asia. China is mainly distributed in *, Jilin, Hebei, Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan. It is also found in warm regions from Africa to Asia.

3. Growth habits

Like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant, drought-resistant, not resistant to waterlogging, with good drainage, fertile sandy loam or humus loam is better.

How to raise basil, basil breeding methods and precautions / temperature and light are very important.

Although basil leaf has a lot of efficacy and function, in order to bring all these benefits into full play, it is necessary to ensure that basil grows healthily. As basil is sensitive to temperature, it is necessary to master certain skills when breeding, so how to raise basil? Let's take a look at basil's breeding methods and matters needing attention.

The growing environment of basil

Before we understand how basil is raised, we need to have a preliminary understanding of its suitable growth environment. Basil is sensitive to temperature. It grows rapidly in a warm and dry environment, but it is not resistant to cold. In addition, it is more resistant to drought but not resistant to water and moisture. It likes fertile soil with good drainage and general requirements for light.

How to raise basil

1. Soil requirements

Basil prefers fertile soil. Humus soil and sandy soil are the best when cultivated. They can be mixed with garden soil, river sand and so on. If potted, vermiculite and peat soil can be used to make substrates.

2. Temperature requirement

Basil is a plant that is afraid of the cold. It likes a warm environment, and the most suitable temperature is between 15 and 28 degrees, so it grows faster in spring, summer and autumn, but it needs to keep the temperature above 5 degrees in winter to avoid freezing damage to the plant.

3. Lighting conditions

In basil's breeding methods and precautions, basil's requirement for light is to have enough sunlight. It is a kind of sun-loving plant. If it lacks light, it will cause the leaves to dim and grow slowly, so it should be placed in a bright or full-light place during normal management.

4. Watering method

Watering should let the soil dry, because basil likes the dry environment, its drought resistance is strong, usually watering 3-4 days, do not let the soil too dry, in addition to the need to spray water frequently when the temperature is high in summer, spray water to the leaves as little as possible at other times to avoid excessive humidity.

5. Pest control

The main pests that harm basil are aphids, leaf miners, snails, and so on, while the diseases are fungal wilt, and the main way to prevent and cure them is to do a good job in environmental hygiene at ordinary times, so as not to let the environment lack light, too low temperature, and too high humidity. Diseases and insect pests should be treated with drugs in time.

Breeding methods and matters needing attention of basil

1. The soil does not accumulate water.

When watering, do not pour too much at one time, as long as make sure that the upper and lower parts of the soil are wet, do not let the root soak in the water, easy to cause root rot. At the same time to ensure that the soil drainage is good, to avoid the rainy season when the water can not be discharged in time.

2. there is no lack of light.

Basil leaves green to play its maximum value, to do this requires enough light, so do not let the environment lack of light, especially basil can not be placed in the house where there is neither scattered light nor light, otherwise basil will soon wither and die.

3. The environment should be ventilated

One way to maintain environmental hygiene is to keep the air well ventilated in order to avoid the breeding of germs and harmful microorganisms. if basil is always in an airtight environment, its chances of diseases and insect pests will increase exponentially. The harm to its health is enormous.