Control of two common diseases of Anthurium andraeanum

Symptom: the Buddha's bud has circular markings.

Cause: tomato spot wilt virus is slightly harmful. This symptom often occurs in summer. Under the same circumstances, the virus does not pose a direct threat to the plant. It can be spread by thrips. When thistle larvae suck, the virus is inhaled into the body, and then pupated, and the virus is transmitted by adults. It is observed that the virus cannot be transmitted mechanically.

Solution: control of thrips is usually combined with preventive measures a (especially the removal of diseased plants and hosts in the greenhouse).

Symptom 2: petiole rot

Cause: the local decay of the petiole in the lower part of the leaf is due to excessive root pressure caused by high temperature and high humidity in summer. In this environment, the leaf can not evaporate enough water, and the pressure on the root increases, which leads to the burst of the cells in the upper part of the petiole. After the cells burst, they were unable to transport nutrients and make the leaves fade.

Solution: adjust the temperature.

Anthurium andraeanum is extremely sensitive to pesticides and fungicides, it is difficult to say which kind of pesticide spraying will produce what kind of drug damage, and the drug damage is often shown after a few weeks (sometimes 6-8 weeks), usually the newly formed leaves are easy to show symptoms, the immediate drug damage is usually scorched yellow of leaf tissue. It is generally required not to spray between 11:00 and 4pm, because the temperature and light is very high, but in the morning or evening, and when spraying in the evening, make sure the plant is dry before nightfall. The common pesticide toxicities are as follows: 1. Red and scorched red plaques appear in the young mesophyll, and the abnormal edges are wrinkled. 2. Copper-containing pesticides are easy to cause flower buds to fade and whiten. 3. There are rusty red spots on the old mesophyll. The following pesticides can cause toxicity on Anthurium andraeanum: diazinon, methamidophos, malathion, dimethoate, sulfoxide, acephate, dichlorvos, aldicarb, propoxur, parathion. A. the symptoms of bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris PV.) are mainly on the leaves and flowers, with brown spots in the middle and yellow at the edge, and water stains can be seen in the transition zone where the cells are not infected with each other. The disease spreads rapidly and can cover most of the leaves, and sometimes the disease can be transmitted into the cells and vascular bundles, so that the death of the whole plant usually occurs in the leaves and flowers, and the infected site is cut off in time to prevent the spread of infection from the trough tissue. There is no specific cure for bacterial blight, and the treatment is as follows: 1. The seedbed is regularly sprayed with streptomyces sulfate, or oxytetracycline. Plants can also be sprayed with these agents (spray once every other week, and then dilute to 6-8 times). 2. Remove or isolate infected plants. 3. Do not apply XH4 fertilizer, reduce the level of total x fertilizer. B, Erwinia symptoms: leaf yellowing, starting from the base of petiole, rising along the main vein, especially in seedlings. Control method: use streptomycin sulfate whose active ingredient is 4g/L, spray 1.5g / 100L water. C, pseudomonas disease (Pseudomonas) symptoms: necrotic disease appears along the leaf vein, sometimes with the leaf vein as the boundary of the disease spot, the black spot usually has a very thin yellow circle, the control method: see blight prevention and treatment A. D, symptoms of spot disease (anthracnose Anthracnose,colletltrichem gloseosporioides): numerous black spots on the leaves under humid conditions and light spots on the edge of the leaves under dry conditions. They are very similar to the scorched spots when the fertilizer is too thick, and they are also prone to similar symptoms on the leaf sheath. On the bracts of florets, spot disease can cause numerous brown spots at the base of the bracts, which should distinguish anthracnose from strong light burn spots. Control methods: benzoate, carbendazim, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, Weisen zinc, etc., were sprayed with 600 murine 1000 times. E, symptoms of root rot (Pythium Pythium / Phytophthora): root rot is a fungal disease caused by unideal conditions such as too dry, too wet or too cold, the root appears local rot and death, the leaf turns yellow at the edge of the leaf, the leaf is soft and drooping, the root is brown, and the root is still not rotten. Root rot can be caused by Phytophthora, and it can also damage stems and even leaves, resulting in discoloration such as brown. Furosemide, aldicarb hydrochloride, chloramphenicol, enylmorpholine and other drugs can be used. F, Cylindrocarpon destructans symptoms: the leaves gradually dry, showing yellowing, discoloration and wilting, and the base of the plant turns brown, sometimes shrinking. This fungus can infiltrate from the base of the stem and invade the root continuously. The control method is to sprinkle the following agents: benzoate, methyl topiramate, carbendazim and so on. G, cylindrocladium Spp symptoms: these bacteria are the root and base of parasitic plants, showing dark brown. H, Fusarium SPP symptoms: the base of the plant is rotten. Fusarium is a secondary disease caused when the environmental conditions are not suitable for plant growth. After infection, Fusarium will continue to invade in the vascular bundle of the main stem. The method of prevention and control is the same as A. I. symptoms of leaf spot disease (5eptorla anthuil): Brown leaf spots are formed, the center is withered, and there is a ring of yellow tissue on the periphery. Control methods: carbendan, chlorothalonil, manganese forest zinc spray. J, Rhizoctinia symptoms: this kind of fungi causes discoloration or blackening of plant base and root, and the damage mainly occurs at the junction of matrix and air. The control methods are as follows: benzoate, carbendazim, isocarbamide (paracetamol), carbendazim, methylidene phosphine. There are mainly three kinds of nematodes: root-knot nematode, invading nematode and grassland nematode. Root nematodes belong to MelOIDdogyne. These nematodes invade and cause growth deterioration and root swelling. The latter two also make the plant grow worse, but there are brown patches rather than swelling on the roots. Among the eroded patches are small nematodes, which will soon block the destruction of roots in the area, leading to secondary infections of fungi and root rot. Prevention and control measures are as follows: 1. Before planting, the cultivation substrate should be steam sterilized, or a brand-new cultivation substrate should be selected. 2. Buy seedlings regardless of disease. 3. The cultivation system leaves the ground. 4. strict sanitary operation measures. L, 1. Aphid symptoms: aphids themselves are light green, yellow or pink, with 6 legs and about 2mm. The aphid population develops rapidly because it is viviparous and divides into honey, which leads to the growth of fungi. Aphids will cause spots on flowers and leaves, thus reducing the quality of the commodity, and will also absorb plant juice, and then inject poison into plant tissue to affect plant growth. Aphids have many plant hosts, leading to the rapid spread of the disease. Control methods: spray any of the following agents and spray again five days later: aldicarb, heptene, bifenthrin, imidacloprid. Or use natural enemies to prevent and control. M, spider mites are mainly red spiders (greenhouse) and red spider mites (Tetranychus urtica). Symptoms: Spider mites (or spider mites) are very small oval (oval), spider-shaped, white to green (sometimes brown to red) transparent insects that cause wilting of young leaves or buds. They penetrate the plant cells and absorb the contents, causing the plant cells to show silver discoloration. Red spiders appear on the old leaves of Anthurium andraeanum, causing plant yellowing and discoloration when seriously damaged. Brown dots can be seen on the flower bracts, and the webs of red spiders can be seen on the plants if they develop to a very serious stage. The control method is to use acaricide (acsricides): triclofenac, avermectin, omethoate, triazotin, dimethoate, parathion, diazinon, dicarboxylic acid, bifenthrin, phenybutyric tin, thiazolidone, mimetidine. N, small mites (Mites) symptoms: the main manifestations are discoloration (discoloration) of leaves and flowers, tissue fragmentation and deformation, these mites are invisible to the naked eye. For the control method, see the previous control method of red spider mite, and the broader spectrum acaricides are Talsta,F01imat,Pentac and Kelthane). There are two main species of whitefly: greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes,Vaporariorum) and cotton or tobacco whitefly (Benisia tabaci). Symptoms of damage: the worm is about 1mm long, and the adult has a waxy white powder; this gives it a white appearance. Greenhouse whitefly is the most vulnerable to weeds, while Benisia tabaci is the main damage to Anthurium andraeanum. They suck up the contents of the cells to make them dry, thus changing the color of the leaves and secreting dense juice on the leaves, thus causing the growth of black mold and further causing diseases. Control agents: panacea, mites must die, lice net, pyripropyl ether, acaricidal tin. P, snails and slugs they chew on root tips, broken leaves and buds, and if there are many vesicles on the leaves, they are usually done by snails. Snails can be trapped with beer or French fries. Shellkillers are: thiosulfate, snail powder or a mixture of the two. Q, virus Ma Ling potato spot wilt virus, symptoms: black necrotic dry spots, spots with yellow rings, this ring is visible. The virus does not pose a major threat because plant cells will soon isolate it. The virus is transmitted by thrips and is absorbed during the larval stage of thrips. After pupation, the adults of thrips spread to the plants. As far as we know, the virus does not spread mechanically. Prevention and control methods: there are few effective methods to control the virus. We must control the pests that spread the virus and prevent the harm of thrips. After the emergence of virus infection, we can only remove and isolate in time. Source: China Flower and Wood Network