Culture methods and matters needing attention of Cinnamomum chinense

Osmanthus fragrans is a precious flower in China. It is not only widely admired, but also has high economic value and is loved by people. However, it is not so easy to raise four seasons laurel. How to raise four seasons laurel should start from the following five aspects.

1. Choose the basin soil

Osmanthus flowers like slightly acidic, well-drained, fertile sandy loam. Osmanthus fragrans grows slowly in strong acid soil, with yellow leaves and withered leaves and few branches; in soil with ph value of 3-4, grafted seedlings have 2 - 3 branches in that year, and the branch length is only 6 cm, which is 2 times less than that in soil with ph value of 6, and 1 - 2 times shorter. In alkaline soil, leaf withered ginger appears in two or three months and gradually dies.

2. Flower flourishing lies in fertilizer, osmanthus flowers like pig manure. It can be mixed in the basin soil, or applied to the bottom of the basin after decomposition and drying. Fertilization amount to pot height 1/4 shall prevail, fertilizer to cover-layer 1 inch-2 inches thick soil, and then planted four seasons laurel, -year can not be fertilized again. In the city where there is no pig manure, the hoofs of donkeys, horses and mules can be retting into water, which can be watered once every 7 - 10 days until August when it germinates. Can also be used sauce residue, fried soybeans, raw peanuts fried, ground into a surface, digging ring root buried in the basin soil. According to observation: fat foot flowers flourish, flowers, flowers more than 2 - 3 times. Lack of fat, few branches, few flowers, flowers are not fragrant.

1. Morphological characteristics

Evergreen small trees or shrubs, up to 12 m tall, bark black-brown. Branchlets terete, longitudinally striate, young parts slightly puberulent or subglabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5.5-12 cm long, 1.8-3.2 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, margin finely undulate, leathery, dark green above, slightly pale below, glabrous on both surfaces, pinnate veins, midvein and lateral veins raised on both surfaces, lateral veins 10-12 on each side, terminal arc connected near leaf margin, veinlets netting, more or less obvious on both surfaces, honeycomb-like; Petiole 0.7-1 cm long, purplish red when fresh, slightly puberulent or subglabrous, ventral surface sulcate.

Flowers are dioecious. Umbels axillary, 1-3 in clusters or shortly racemose arrangement, enclosed before anthesis by 4 alternatingly opposite involucral bracts, globose; involucral bracts suborbicular, glabrous outside, sericeous inside, racemose to 7 mm, slightly puberulent or subglabrous. Male flowers: 5 flowers per umbel; flowers small, yellow-green, pedicels ca. 2 mm, sparsely pilose, perianth tube short, outside densely sparsely pilose, perianth lobes 4, broadly obovoid or suborbicular, both surfaces adnate pilose; fertile stamens usually 12, arranged in tricycles, first whorl of filaments glandular, second and third whorls with a pair of sessile reniform glands at middle, anthers elliptic, 2-loculed, celled; ovary sterile. Female flowers: staminodes usually 4, alternate with perianth segments, filaments tipped with pairs of sessile glands extending between them with a lanceolate tongue; ovary 1-loculed, style short, stigma slightly enlarged, obtusely triangular. Fruit ovate-beaded, dark purple when ripe. Flowering 3-5 months, fruiting 6-9 months.

Evergreen shrub, yellow white or pale white flowers, flowering several times a year, but still mainly in autumn. The plants are smaller and dominated by shrubs.

2. Distribution range

Originated in the Mediterranean region, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China have introduced cultivation. North subtropical deciduous, evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest area: (main cities: Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hefei, Wuhu, Anqing, Huainan, Xiangyang, Shiyan)

Mid-subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest areas: (major cities: Wuhan, Shashi, Huangshi, Yichang, Nanchang, Jingdezhen, Jiujiang, Ji 'an, Jinggangshan, Ganzhou, Shanghai, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Yueyang, Huaihua, Jishou, Changde, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Guilin, Wenzhou, Jinhua, Ningbo, Chongqing, Chengdu, Dujiangyan, Mianyang, Neijiang, Leshan, Zigong, Panzhihua, Guiyang, Zunyi, Liupanshui, Anshun, Kunming, Dali)

Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area: (main cities: Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Guangzhou, Foshan, Shunde, Dongguan, Huizhou, Shantou, Taipei, Liuzhou, Guiping, Gejiu)

3. Main varieties

Four seasons laurel 18 kinds of long-stemmed plain flowers light makeup laurel short yellow big leaves Buddha top beads small leaves Buddha top beads Tianxiang Taige Tianxiang wrinkled leaves Four seasons laurel Tiannu scattered flowers Four seasons laurel small leaves Four seasons laurel Sunxiang laurel big leaves Four seasons laurel five-petal gold winter fragrance red gold leaf Tianxiang 4, growth habits

Sijigui is suitable for growing in warm, humid and sunny places. The soil planted should be fertile, loose, slightly acidic and well drained. Sijigui is drought and cold tolerant, and its growth temperature is 20-30℃. If there is no extremely cold wave in winter, it can generally overwinter in the open field.

5. Breeding methods

cuttings

selecting excellent mother plants with excellent varieties, vigorous growth and no diseases and insect pests for cutting, and cutting the semi-lignified shoots of the current year at the upper part of the crown periphery as cutting. When cutting ears, cut them into 2~3cm, and keep 1~2 leaves at the top. The upper end of the spike is cut into a flat mouth, and the base is cut into an inclined plane. The inclined plane should be smooth to facilitate cutting and healing. The ear strips were disinfected by soaking them in 0.1% thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim for 10 min. Then the base was immersed in 50mg NAA or 100mg ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution, and the cuttings were taken out after 1h, or soaked in 200mg NAA for 10min.

After cuttage is finished, timely watering covers film and sunscreen net or straw curtain. If there is no water drop in the film and the bed surface is dry and the topsoil is gray, spray water in time to moisturize, water thoroughly, but not too much, otherwise it is easy to cause soil hardening, breeding bacteria and causing cuttings to rot. After transplanting, the film was opened every 5~ 6 days to replenish water, and combined with spraying 0.1% thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim. Spraying 2000-fold carbendazim solution once every 7 days to prevent cuttings from being infected by bacteria and causing cortex rot. Always maintain the permeability of the nursery to prevent the young roots of cuttings from rotting due to lack of oxygen; loosen the soil in time after rain to ensure that the soil is loose and breathable, which is conducive to rooting, but be careful not to touch the cuttings. 0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed once every 10 days to promote the growth of roots and shoots of cuttings.

High-altitude layering cuts or annularly peels one or two annual branches, then wraps the cut with open bamboo tubes, flower pots, thick paper tubes or plastic films, fills the gaps with chaff ash, moss, culture soil, pearlite and other substances, often keeps moist, but the moisture is not too much, and can be cut off after rooting. The inner diameter of the high-pressure bag made of plastic film is generally 4~5cm and the length is 8~ 10cm. The position of incision and girdling is below the node, where it is easy to take root, and the width of phloem stripped is 1~2cm.

High altitude layering method is carried out before germination in spring, but also during summer growth, and it has good effect in plum rain season. According to experiments, 40~50 days of natural roots of Chimonanthus praecox and 20~30 days of natural roots of Rosa chinensis were found. When high-pressure propagation, rooting time is generally longer, about 3 to 4 months, after cutting off the mother plant, must be placed in shade, maintenance for a period of time before transplantation.

It should be noted that the soil used for layering must be loose, moist and rich in organic matter, and it must be pressed with layering. After layering, it should always be kept moist. The soil should not be dry and dry, otherwise it will affect the survival and rooting. Winter cold areas, must be wrapped with straw cotton wool, etc. cold, can not make layering frozen.

Grafting method grafting four seasons laurel rootstocks used, mainly privet, white wax, clove, tassels and so on. The disadvantage of Privet as rootstock is that its root system is too developed, it is not suitable for potted plants, and it blooms late. White ash as rootstock shortcomings are short life, and easy to fall leaves in winter, less flowering. Cloves as rootstock are thick on the trunk and thin under the tree, top-heavy. Tassel as rootstock has good affinity, drought and cold resistance, strong adaptability, long life span and tree age of more than 100 years. Therefore, the most suitable rootstock for grafting propagation of potted osmanthus fragrans is tassel.

grafting technology

Bud grafting. This method is especially suitable for thick rootstock, rootstock, ear are not easy to peel when. Branching can be carried out in the dormant period, but usually in spring and autumn two seasons, more than the use of cutting and splitting method.

Branching. This method is especially suitable for thick rootstock, rootstock, ear are not easy to peel when. Branching can be carried out in the dormant period, but usually in spring and autumn two seasons, more than the use of cutting and splitting method.

Approach. The rootstock trunk is close to the osmanthus branch suitable for grafting, and a smooth surface of about 3 cm is cut at each suitable part of the rootstock trunk, and the depth reaches about 1/3 of the diameter. The two sides of the chamfer face to face, at least one side of the formation layer alignment, with plastic film tape binding firm. This method is suitable for growing season, usually between June and July. It can heal after 30 days, but it is best to separate from the mother after the buds are full.

Four seasons laurel cultivation methods and precautions Four seasons laurel pictures

Flower Bonsai Network Guide: Today's flower bonsai network Xiaobian brings you articles about the cultivation methods and precautions of the four seasons laurel. Let's take a look.

Osmanthus fragrans var. semperflorens): four seasons laurel also known as month laurel. Flower color slightly white, or yellow, aroma is lighter, thin leaves. Flowers bloom all year round.

Osmanthus fragrans is a precious flower in China. It is not only widely admired, but also has high economic value and is loved by people. However, it is not so easy to raise four seasons laurel. How to raise four seasons laurel should start from the following five aspects.

Four seasons laurel cultivation method: to choose the pot soil

Osmanthus flowers like slightly acidic, well-drained, fertile sandy loam. Osmanthus fragrans grows slowly in strong acid soil, with yellow leaves and withered leaves and few branches; in soil with pH value of 3 - 4, grafted two-year seedlings have 2 - 3 branches in the current year, and the branch length is only 6 cm, which is 2 times less than that in soil with pH value of 6, and 1 - 2 times shorter.

In alkaline soil, leaf withered ginger appears in two or three months and gradually dies.

Four seasons laurel cultivation method: flower flourishing lies in fertilizer

Osmanthus loves pig manure. It can be mixed in the basin soil, or applied to the bottom of the basin after decomposition and drying. Fertilization amount to pot height 1/4 shall prevail, fertilizer to cover a layer of 1 inch to 2 inches thick soil, and then planted four seasons laurel, within a year can not be fertilized again.

In the city where there is no pig manure, the hoofs of donkeys, horses and mules can be retting into water, which will be watered once in spring when it germinates and once every 7 to 10 days until August. Can also be used sauce residue, fried soybeans, raw peanuts fried, ground into a surface, digging ring root buried in the basin soil. According to observation: fat foot flowers flourish, flowers, flowers more than 2 times a 3 times. Lack of fat, few branches, few flowers, flowers are not fragrant.

Four seasons cultivation method: watering should be appropriate

Osmanthus watering should master two less and one more: less watering for plants changing pots before new shoots occur, less watering in rainy days, and more watering in dry early days in summer and autumn. After changing the basin to irrigate the water, the water content is often maintained at about 50%, and the soil water content in the summer (7 - 9) month should be about 60%. Identification method: a pinch basin with hand soil can be a group. Put it down and disperse. Rainy days to pay attention to drainage, in case of water rot roots. Practice has proved that more than 90% of soil water, osmanthus easy to die.

And keep the air moist. Put osmanthus flowers in the shade, spray water to the leaves once a day in the morning and evening. Or put a fish tank or small basin containing water next to it, and put osmanthus flowers in the open air to withstand night dew and humidify to keep the leaves fresh.

cultivation and maintenance

Osmanthus fragrans is an excellent variety, it is different from other osmanthus fragrans, flowers bloom all year round. The flowers are pale yellow at the beginning of bloom, then turn white, and when they bloom, they are fragrant. Each inflorescence consists of 12 to 20 florets, and the flowering period is 5 to 7 days. Sijigui plant short, large and evergreen leaves, more suitable for family cultivation. The following points should be paid attention to in the maintenance process.

1. Soil preparation: Sijigui suitable for growth in loose fertile, good drainage acid soil. Generally, 60% broad-leaved humus soil, 25% coniferous humus soil, 10% river sand or fine furnace ash, mixed with 5% fermented pig manure or chicken manure can be prepared. 2. Light: All seasons laurel love light, indoor cultivation should be placed in a sunny and ventilated place, and the light should be kept from 8 hours to 12 hours a day. 3. Temperature: Four seasons laurel happy warm, generally in 18℃ to 25℃ when the growth is good, flowering more and fragrance. If it is below 15℃, it is in a semi-dormant state and flowers less. 3℃ to 5℃ can winter, but can not bloom. 4. Humidity: cultivation four seasons laurel both to keep the basin soil moist, and not too waterlogging. When watering to see dry see wet, avoid ponding, so as not to rot roots or leaves fall off. Especially when flowering water should not be too much, so as not to cause bud drop, affecting flowering. 5. Fertilization: Four seasons laurel love fertilizer, in germination and bud pregnancy period should apply more phosphorus, potassium diluted fertilizer water, in order to make branches and buds grow healthy, especially in a few days before flowering, apply some diluted fertilizer water, will make flowers big, color Yan, fragrance thick. 6. Pest control: the main pests of Sijigui are red spider and mulberry white scale, which can be sprayed with pesticides.

7. Pruning, the crown must be pruned to varying degrees to ensure a balanced water metabolism.

balcony cultivation

Young plants are the most suitable for balcony cultivation. 30~50 cm high young plants will be placed on the flowerpot first lay a layer of 4 cm thick gravel, and the bottom of the flowerpot drill a few holes (in order to facilitate water), and then put the flowerpot on the gravel above. Then fill the flowerpot with fine soil, that is, cultivate osmanthus seedlings, cover the roots of the seedlings with fine soil 4~5 cm thick after planting, and pat the soil tightly. Finally, soak the pot soil with root water. When the seedlings survive and reveal new buds, pry open the soil at the root and apply 100g of fermented oil cake to each plant. After 3 months, according to each plant with 100 grams of ammonium bicarbonate to 500 grams of fecal water drenching once, after less application, frequent application is appropriate.

Four seasons laurel cultivation method: flowering control

The process of flower bud formation, differentiation and flowering of Sijigui requires high temperature-low temperature-high temperature. At high temperature 30℃ or so began to differentiate, 25 days to 31 days to form flower buds, after 15℃ or so 3 days to 5 days of low temperature dormancy, flower buds began to sprout. After budding, flower buds bloom quickly at temperatures above 25'C.

Four Seasons Cultivation Method: Modeling

Osmanthus fragrans mainly to view leaves, view type, view flowers. Flowers small but fragrant, mainly leaves and type beauty. Modeling to show prosperity, solemnity, elegance and innocence of the spirit. You can choose privet as rootstock, first move the big leaf privet to the flowerpot, from the summer solstice to the autumn equinox this period of time, all available grafting method, that is, the osmanthus branches, close to the privet branches, remove the privet branches.

After survival, cut Osmanthus fragrans from its mother.L to form a new Osmanthus fragrans, and the survival rate can reach 100%. Some privet rootstock shape is not beautiful, can choose first, such as curved bow, twist, etc., according to personal preferences after modeling and then close. Where there is no Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum can be used as rootstock. After osmanthus is connected, watering cannot be ignored, just like normal management.