The causes and Countermeasures of Arrow entrapment in Gentleman

The gentleman orchid clip arrow means that the scape cannot come out in the crack of the leaf. The main reasons for the entrapment are as follows:

The temperature is not suitable for the orchid to grow at 15-25 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is lower than 15 degrees Celsius, the growth is poor. Especially before going out, if it does not reach more than 15 degrees Celsius, it is difficult to extract the scape. Before the orchid blossoms, you should always observe whether the bulb of the pot plant is protruding,-once it is found that there is the possibility of archery, the temperature should be adjusted in time to facilitate scape extraction.

The temperature difference is not enough for the growth habit of Cymbidium. The temperature difference between day and night is large. If the temperature difference is small, it is difficult to draw scape. After flower bud differentiation and before scurrying, the temperature should be controlled at about 10 degrees Celsius, archery will be easier, otherwise there will be the phenomenon of arrow entrapment.

Culture method of Cymbidium: http://hua.fengqiaoju.com/huahui-jiaoliu/junzilanyangzhi/

Realm: Plantae of the plant kingdom

Phylum: angiosperm phylum Magnoliophyta

Class: Monocotyledon class Liliopsida

Item: Liliales of Liliformes

Family: Amaryllidaceae of Amaryllidaceae

Genus: Clivia of Magnolia

Cymbidium is a perennial herb of the family Amaryllidaceae and Orchidaceae. Its plants are elegant and handsome, with gentleman demeanor and flowers such as orchids, hence the name. The root is fleshy and fibrous, the leaf base forms a pseudobulb, the leaf is shaped like a sword, up to 45 cm long, alternate and arranged, entire. Umbels terminal, each inflorescence with 30 florets, up to more than 40. Florets stalked, umbrella-shaped at the tip of the flower, funnel-shaped, erect, yellow or orange. It can blossom all year round, mainly in spring and summer. The fruit ripening period is about October. Flowers and leaves are not beautiful. Beautiful and generous, but also shade-resistant, suitable for potted indoor furnishings, for leaf viewing and flower appreciation, but also an ideal potted flower for arranging the meeting hall and decorating the hotel environment. It also has the function of purifying air and its medicinal value.

Many friends like to cultivate Cymbidium, but they know little about the source of Cymbidium. Now, let's introduce the source of Cymbidium. The following article is translated from the Association of Magnolia of South Africa.

In September 1815, William, an intrepid natural scientist. William Burchell collected the magnolia scientifically for the first time at the source of the Juyu River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Then, around 1820, James James Bowie collected some magnolia in the same place and shipped them to England, and in 1828, John John Lindley named it CLIVIA in honor of the Duchess of Charlotte, Florence, Clive (Charlotte Florentine Clive) in Northumberland, England.

Cymbidium belongs to the genus Amaryllidaceae; Haemantheae of Amaryllidaceae.

At present, there are five types of magnificent orchids, namely: laughing, big flowers, thin leaves, stems, magic. Another unique kind of orchid, the swamp orchid, was recently discovered in South Kawa Zulu Natal (KwaZulu-Natal). The leaf width of Magnolia grandiflora is generally no more than 50 mm, rarely reaching 90 mm.

At present, five kinds of orchids have been found, namely Nobilis, miniata, miniata, gardenii, caulescens and mirabibis, and another species called Robust or swamp was recently found in the south of Natal. In other words, at present, only the above six kinds of orchids are recognized by the South African Magnolia Association.

Among them, all the Chinese magnolia belong to the large flower magnolia of the genus Cymbidium, and the flowers are mainly red and orange. Compared with the flower art of other countries, the Chinese gentleman orchid is dominated by leaf art. According to the classification of flower lines, Chinese Magnolia belongs to the red and orange flowers of the genus Magnolia.

The first kind: C.Nobilis smiles

The laughing leaves are very hard and rough, banded, about 300 mi 800 mm long and 25 mi 50 mm wide. The leaf tip is very blunt. Its inflorescence usually has 60 florets of 20Mel, drooping. The flowers are mostly dark orange and the petal tips are green. But there are also flowers in pink yellow to dark red colors. There are generally two seeds in its fruit, the pericarp is red, and the red fruit takes 9 months to mature. The leaves of seedlings bred from seeds are very slender, about 1.5 mm thick.

The growth period of Cymbidium is very long, from a seed to flowering, it takes 8 to 10 years, or even longer. In view of the characteristics of flowers, it is very easy to be confused with the garden gentleman orchid. Precisely because its growth cycle is very long, it is boldly speculated that the "laughing gentleman orchid", which was once popular in China, may be the garden gentleman orchid.

The second kind: C.miniata Magnolia

In the original ecological region, the leaf width of Magnolia grandiflora is generally no more than 50 mm, rarely up to 90 mm. Flowers are shaped like trumpets, some with small petals and some with wide petals. The inner petals are generally wider than the outer petals. The color of the flower is usually orange, with a yellow-white inner core. Of course, there are also flowers with colors ranging from yellow and white to dark red. Very light and very dark flowers are relatively rare. When blooming, there are usually about 20 flowers in a bud, and some reach 40. There are 20 seeds in berries, usually less than 10.

The third kind: gardenii Garden Magnolia (also known as Cymbidium)

The plant height of Magnolia lanceolata in the garden is generally up to 80ml 130mm. Its leaves are bright green, 350 mi 900 mm long, 25 mi 60 mm wide, very narrow and pointed. The florescence is long, from late autumn to winter. The color of the flower is generally orange, and the tip of the petal has a very obvious green. Colors are also available in other colors from yellow to red. The flowers droop in an arc, not as sagging as stemmed orchids and laughing orchids. There are 2 seeds in each berry. It takes 15 months for the fruit to ripen!

The fourth kind: caulescens has stem gentleman orchid

The height of the stemmed orchid is from 500 mm to 1500 mm. The orchid has aboveground stems, up to 1 meter in length, and in special cases, up to 3 meters in length. Leaf blade soft, flat and pointed, arched, about 35 mi 70 mm wide and 30 mi 60 cm long. It usually blossoms in spring and summer. The flowers droop like a smile, the color is orange, and the tip of the petal is green. Among the round and red berries are 1 Mel 4 raw seeds, and the diameter of the berry is 9 mi 13 mm. Seeds generally mature in winter, and the maturity period is 6 months after pollination.

The fifth kind: MIRABILIS strange gentleman orchid

Recently, a new species of Magnolia was found in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa.

Marvelous orchids grow in humus in crevices on rocky mountain slopes, either alone or in groups, where they are often covered with less African red bean evergreen forests. There are also some strange orchids growing in the sun, but these orchids are often slightly damaged by the sun and lack of water. In the morning, most magnificent orchids are on the shady side of the cliff, and then they are exposed to the sun until sunset. The areas where exotic orchids grow generally show a semi-arid Mediterranean climate and often experience a period of precipitation in winter.

The leaves of Magnolia have a white stripe in the middle, which makes it different from other varieties. And its seeds only take 5 months to mature, while other varieties of Cymbidium are not. For example, the seeds of Cymbidium need 12 months to mature, and the seeds of Cymbidium need 15 months to mature. It takes about 9 months for Cymbidium and Cymbidium to mature.

Strange gentleman orchid is a newly discovered species, and its identity was not officially confirmed until February 2001. At present, this kind of orchid is still in a specially protected natural area, and no strange orchid community has been found except Oorlogskloof Nature Reserve. As a result, the number of cultivated magnolia is still very rare. When cultivating Magnolia, we should pay attention to its love of humus-rich soil and semi-shaded environment, and in view of its semi-arid habits, give it a rather dry environment in summer.

The sixth species: Clivia Robust (swamp) marshland magnolia

The species was not officially identified until 2004, and this orchid, like other magnolia, is native to South Africa. It often grows in sandy acidic soil. According to the introduction, this kind of orchid "is common in forest cover areas, which are often located in or near swamps, and some communities grow on beaches or cliffs, which are often rich in humic soil. In swampy areas, marsh magnolia will appear in large communities, and some plants will be as high as 1.8 meters with the support of roots, while in those relatively dry areas, the plants will be obviously short and strong. "

The swamp magnolia is the largest kind of magnolia, which can grow to 1.8 meters high, and in the swamp area, very few roots can grow up to 4.5 meters! The leaves of Marsh Magnolia are flexible and have smooth edges, with round tips and light white stripes in the center. Leaves are often between 30-120 cm in length and 3-9 cm in width.

Swamp magnolia usually blossoms from March to August (autumn and winter in South Africa), and inflorescences usually have 15-40 tangerine-red, green petal-tipped, tubular flowers. The pedicel changes from red to green. Its fruit is spherical and red, usually with less than 4 seeds in the fruit, and the fruit ripening period is up to 12 months.

It belongs to the genus Amaryllidaceae. For perennial herbaceous flowers, fleshy roots are stout, and the stem is divided into two parts: rhizome and pseudobulb. Leaf sword-shaped, alternate, neatly arranged, 30m long, 50cm long, Cymes, can bear 10Mel 60 florets, blossom in winter and spring, especially in winter, florets can bloom for 15ml for 20 days, bloom in turn, can last 2Mel for 3 months. Each fruit contains at most one seed.

Magnolia is native to southern Africa and grows under big trees, so it is not only afraid of heat but not cold-resistant, like semi-shady and humid environment, afraid of strong direct sunlight, the best temperature for growth is between 18 ℃ and 22, below 5 ℃, above 30 ℃, growth is inhibited. Gentleman orchids like a ventilated environment, like deep, fertile and loose soil, which is suitable for indoor cultivation.

Magnolia is a famous greenhouse flower. There are two species introduced from Europe and Japan in China. The former flower is small and drooping, which is called laughing gentleman orchid, while the latter has large and upward flowers, which is called big flower gentleman orchid, which is the most common species cultivated at present.

The flowers of Magnolia are not as magnificent as peonies, nor as fragrant as jasmine, let alone as gorgeous as rose flowers, but her leaves are green and shiny, the flowers are shaped like torches upward, orange-red, dignified and generous, they are ideal potted flowers for beautifying the environment, and the flowers are drooping, implicit and deep, elegant and solemn, with another flavor.

The leaves of Cymbidium are broad and band-shaped, with hard and thick texture, glossy and veined. The leaves are stacked in two rows from the shortened stems. If the leaves are properly managed and arranged neatly, they will be more beautiful. Scape is extracted from leaf axils and usually blossoms only when it has 25 leaves of 20 Murray. It blossoms from New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, and it also blossoms in summer from June to July. A small amount of seeds can be produced after flowering, and artificial pollination is needed. It takes 270 days for the seeds to mature.

The root of gentleman orchid is milky white, very stout, very fleshy. There is a certain correlation between roots and leaves, when new roots and leaves grow, new leaves will also be sent out, if the roots are injured or necrotic, the corresponding leaves will wither; if the leaves are injured, it will also affect the roots.

The magnolia is native to the tropics. Like semi-overcast, the temperature of 10 to 25 degrees is the most suitable, suitable for growth in loose and fertile slightly acidic organic matter soil.

At present, our country mainly uses the sowing method to propagate the magnolia, thus forming a variety of varieties. The cultivation of Cymbidium is relatively easy, first of all, we should select the basin soil, which can be placed indoors near the window, and master the fertilizer and water according to the temperature characteristics of various places. During the growing period, the basin soil should be kept moist, and the basin soil should be dry during the high temperature and semi-dormant period, and more water should be sprayed on the leaf surface to achieve the purpose of cooling. The gentleman orchid likes fertilizer, and the rotten cake fertilizer is added to the basin soil every 2 to 3 years. Apply 5 to 40 grams of rotten cake fertilizer under the basin soil before the growing period, and apply liquid fertilizer once every 10 to 15 days during the growing period. In the management, the basin should be turned frequently to prevent the blade from deviating to one side, and if there is one side, it should be righted in time. When the temperature is 25 to 30 degrees, it is easy to cause the leaves to grow too long and narrow and affect the ornamental effect, so the cultivation of Cymbidium must pay attention to adjust the room temperature.

Cultivation techniques of Cymbidium

⑴ multiplication:

It mainly adopts the method of dividing plants and sowing.

How do orchids reproduce sexually?

Magnolia usually uses only two methods of reproduction: one is sexual reproduction, that is, sowing and reproduction, and the other is ramet reproduction in asexual reproduction. It is common to sow and propagate Magnolia grandiflora. The advantage of the method of reproduction is that it can be propagated in large numbers to meet the needs of people who grow more flowers. However, artificial pollination should be carried out on the front page of sowing and reproduction, and it is best to carry out cross-plant pollination. The seed setting rate of strong plants is high, and robust plants can generally bear ten seeds after different plant reproduction; the same plant pollination can only bear several seeds.

The method of pollination is as follows: when the perianth is cracked for 3 days, when the bud matures and the stigma secretes mucus, it is the time for pollination. During pollination, the pollen of stamens is dipped with a new brush and gently falls on the stigma of the pistil. In order to increase the seed setting rate, pollination can be done once between 9 am to 10:00 and 2 pm to 3 pm respectively. It takes about 9 months for the seeds to mature. When the pericarp gradually changes from green to black and purple, the ear can be cut off and the seeds can be peeled off after 20 days. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 30 ℃ lukewarm water for 30 minutes and then dry them for 2 hours. (at this time, it is better to soak the seeds in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 30 minutes, and then soak them in clean water for 15 hours. The seeded flowerpot was placed in a room temperature of 20 ℃ and 25 mol, keeping the humidity at about 90%, and the radicle germinated in about 2 weeks.

One of the things to do well in sowing and breeding is to prepare the cultivated soil first. There are many materials available for making culture soil, but one of the more easily obtained is loose soil with sufficient humus taken from the surface of the forest, mixed with clean fine sand soil of 1 stroke 3.

Cymbidium likes slightly acidic soil, and its pH value of 6Mel 6.5 is suitable. The time requirement for the propagation of Cymbidium by sowing method is not strict. It can be sown in spring, autumn and winter, but the air temperature is an important condition. It is best to sow under the temperature of 20 ℃ and 25 mol to meet the temperature requirement of germination.

How to carry out asexual reproduction of Cymbidium?

The asexual reproduction of flowers has the methods of cutting, ramet, striping, grafting and so on, but the asexual reproduction of Cymbidium is generally only the method of dividing plants, and this method is more common.

To propagate by split-plant method, we must first do some preparatory work: ① family potted plants should prepare flowerpots, the flowerpots had better be earthen pots, do not buy porcelain and ceramic ones with beautiful surface, because of their poor air permeability, which is not conducive to plant growth. ② prepares the medium soil, it is best to disinfect it. If humus soil is mixed with fine sand, the humus soil should be sprayed with potassium permanganate 1000 Mel 2000 times aqueous solution to disinfect; the fine river sand should also be washed and disinfected with boiling water to prevent the seedlings from being infected and rotted by germs. ③ prepare a little charcoal powder to smear the wound for moisture absorption to prevent decay. ④ sharpens the knife used for cutting, and finally quickly dry grinds (without adding water) dozens of times on the grindstone to make the blade highly hot to kill germs.

When ramet, first bring the mother plant of Magnolia from the basin, get rid of the soil, and find out the buds that can be divided. If the daughter plant is born on the outer edge of the mother plant and the plant is small, you can hold the bulb in one hand and the base of the child plant in the other hand and tear it off; if the daughter plant is strong and not easy to break off, it should be cut off with a prepared sharp knife. Never break it by force, so as not to damage the young plants. After cutting off the offspring, you should immediately smear the wound with dried charcoal powder to absorb the fluid and prevent decay. Next, the seed plant is planted in a pot. When planting, the planting depth is to bury the false bulb at the base of the seed plant, make it slightly higher on the part of the seedling plant, and cover it with sterilized sand. Immediately after planting, pour water once, and then cover with a layer of culture soil when the wound heals 2 weeks later. It usually takes 2 months for 1 Mel to grow new roots and blossom for 1-2 years. The heredity of the magnolia propagated by the split method is relatively stable and can maintain various characteristics of the original species.

⑵ culture

① soil:

Gentleman orchid is suitable to use humus-rich soil, this kind of soil has good air permeability, good water permeability, and the soil is fertile and slightly acidic (pH6.5). About 20% sand grains are infiltrated into humus soil, which is beneficial to root maintenance. The pot used in cultivation increases gradually with the growth of the plant, and the 3-inch pot is suitable for the cultivation of one-year-old seedlings. Change 5-inch pots in the second year, and then change into larger flowerpots every 1-2 years, which can be carried out in spring and autumn.

② watering:

Cymbidium has more developed fleshy roots, and there is a certain amount of water in the roots, so this kind of flower is more drought-tolerant. However, drought-tolerant flowers should not be seriously short of water, especially in the case of high temperature in summer and dry air, do not forget to water in time, otherwise, the roots and leaves of flowers will be damaged, resulting in the germination of new leaves, and the original leaves are estimated to be scorched, not only affect flowering, but even cause plant death. However, too much watering will rot the roots. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good grasp and always pay attention to the dry and wet condition of the basin soil. if it is semi-dry, it should be watered once, but the amount of water should not be much. It is just right to keep the basin soil moist and not damp.

So, how many days should it be watered? Under normal circumstances, it is watered once a day in spring; in summer, the leaf surface and the surrounding ground can be watered with a fine spray kettle, twice a day in sunny days, once every other day in autumn, once every other day in winter, and once a week or less in winter. But it must be noted that this refers to the "general situation". It must be mastered flexibly according to a variety of specific circumstances. For example, it should be watered more on sunny days, less on cloudy days, every few days on consecutive cloudy days, and not on rainy days. When the temperature is high and the air is dry, the flowerpot should be watered several times a day; if the flowerpot is large, it is not easy to dry because of the large amount of water in the soil, so it can be irrigated less; if the flowerpot is small and the water is easy to evaporate, it should be irrigated appropriately. Flowerpots are placed in places with good ventilation and easy evaporation, suitable for more watering, while less watering should be done in places with poor ventilation, slow evaporation and high air humidity. It can be irrigated less at seedling stage and more at flowering stage. In short, it depends on the specific situation, in order to ensure that the basin soil is soft, not too dry, too damp as the principle.

Of course, if there are conditions, magnetized water is the best, followed by Rain Water, snow water or running water in rivers, followed by water in ponds, and the worst is tap water. For flower growers living in big cities, only tap water is available, so you can use a small water tank or bucket to put tap water in it and water it again every 2 minutes and 3 days later. This can precipitate some harmful impurities in the water. In addition, the substances contained in the water can be oxidized and purified, and the temperature of the water can be close to the humidity of the basin soil, so that the plant will not be too cold or too hot.

③ fertilization:

Many flowers like fertilizer, but there should be a limit to fertilizer-loving flowers, too much fertilization will be unfavorable to growth, and even become rotten roots or scorched plants. Magnolia also belongs to this kind of plant and must be fertilized appropriately.

Flowers have different nutrient requirements at different stages of growth and development. Therefore, different fertilization methods suitable for plant needs should be adopted in different periods. Such as applying base fertilizer, topdressing, extra-root fertilization and so on.

(1) apply base fertilizer (or base fertilizer). The aim is to create conditions for plant growth and development to meet its nutrient needs. The application of base fertilizer for Magnolia should be carried out when the basin is changed every two years. Apply barnyard manure (that is, livestock manure), compost, green manure, bean cake fertilizer and so on.

(2) topdressing. Mainly to promote the growth of plants. Gentleman orchid can apply fertilizer such as cake fertilizer, fish meal, bone meal and so on. Apply less at the beginning, and then the amount of fertilizer will gradually increase with the growth of the plant and the increase of leaves. When applying fertilizer, you can remove the pot soil and apply it to a depth of 2murl and 3cm, but be careful that the fertilizer should not be too close to the root system so as not to burn the root system. The application of this kind of solid fertilizer is generally enough once a month and should not be dense again.

(3) topdressing liquid fertilizer. Topdressing liquid fertilizer is that the supernatant of animals and plants that have been soaked and retted is mixed with 30Mel 40 fresh water and then poured on the basin soil. Small seedlings should be watered 40 times, medium seedlings 30 times, and large seedlings only 20 times. After pouring the fertilizer solution every two days, we should continue to irrigate the clear water (the amount of water should not be too much), so that the fertilizer can seep into the root system of the basin soil and give full play to the fertilizer effect. Do not water 2 days before pouring liquid fertilizer, make the basin soil dry and then apply fertilizer liquid, which is more effective. Fertilization time is best in the early morning; when pouring, let the fertilizer liquid pour along the edge of the basin, pay attention to avoid applying on the plants and leaves.

In addition, different fertilizers should be applied according to different seasons. For example, in spring and winter, it is appropriate to apply some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as fish meal, bone meal, hemp cake, etc., which is conducive to the formation of veins and improve the glossiness of leaves; while in autumn, it is appropriate to apply some leachate of rotten animal hair, horns, hooves or bean cakes, which is poured with 30ml and 40x fresh water to promote leaf growth.

(4) extra-root topdressing. Using this method of fertilization, mainly to make up for the lack of nutrients in the soil, in order to solve the problem of lack of fertilizer in the plant, so that the seedlings grow fast and the flowers and fruits grow fat. Extra-root fertilization is to spray the fertilizer diluent directly on the leaf surface of the plant and let the nutrient elements infiltrate into the leaf tissue through the leaf epidermis cells and stomata and then transport to the whole body of the plant. The commonly used fertilization varieties are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate and so on. When spraying, spray evenly to both sides of the blade. In the growing season, 4Mel is sprayed once every 6 days and once every two weeks during semi-dormancy. Generally, it is sprayed after sunrise, and the plant should be stopped after flowering. It must be noted that this method can only be used when the plant is found to be short of fertilizer. If the plant has sufficient nutrition and exuberant growth, it is not suitable to be used.

Winter Management Technology of Magnolia

Heat preservation: the suitable temperature of Cymbidium in winter is 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, preferably not less than 10 ℃. Spray to protect the tree, keep warm and prevent frost.

Adjust the light: although the gentleman orchid likes the semi-overcast environment, the longer the sunshine in winter, the better. During flowering, the florescence will be shortened by strong light, while by weak light, the florescence can be prolonged.

Can adjust the amount of water-saving absorption.

When insect pests occur, shell insects often gather on the tender shoots of leaves, absorb leaf sap, secrete a large number of bacteria, turn stems and leaves into mildew and black, cause soot disease and wither leaves. This insect has strong fecundity and can occur for many generations a year. A female adult can often reproduce hundreds of them, which can cause death if no timely control measures are taken.

Prevention and treatment: prevention should be given priority to. Usually, we should always pay attention to check the plant, find insect pests, control as soon as possible, in order to prevent spread. In addition to the control of shell insects, both artificial and medicine can be used at the same time. If only one or two leaf tips find pests, they can be manually scraped, sharpened with thin sticks or removed with bamboo cuttings. If there are a large number of nymphs, 25% imidophos emulsion can be sprayed with less than 1000 times liquid, or 40% omethoate emulsion plus 1000 Mel 1500 times water can be sprayed. Generally, it can be killed by spraying 1 Mel twice.

In addition, it should be noted that earthworms can also become pests of magnolia. In the young period of the orchid plant, its fleshy root is very weak. If there are earthworms in the basin soil, it will often drill everywhere, injuring the tender root, destroying the function of absorbing nutrition, stopping the growth and development of the plant or causing rotten root. The method of prevention and control is to always pay attention to whether there are round soil particles (that is, earthworm excrement) on the surface of the basin soil, and if found, you can immediately irrigate it with 50% dichlorvos emulsion and 1500 mi 2000 times water. If there are earthworms drilled after irrigation, remove them immediately; do the same again every other week, and then get rid of the earthworms. Seasonal management points Magnolia originated in South Africa, perennial evergreen herbaceous flowers, like warm and cool climate, afraid of high temperature and cold, summer dormancy, autumn and winter growth, therefore, strengthening winter tube is the key. The main points are as follows:

First, fertilizing Magnolia has the fastest vegetative growth rate in winter and needs the most nutrients. therefore, it is very important to apply winter fertilizer well. Before entering the room, flowerpots should be watered with bone powder, fried sesame, cooked soybeans or compound fertilizer every 15 to 20 days, and the roots can also be watered with soaking solution of animal and plant residues. It is necessary to ensure that the fertilizer is ripened and applied lightly to prevent the injury of thick fertilizer.

Second, watered magnolia is a fleshy root, angry and afraid of water stains. In addition, the leaves of Cymbidium have waxy layer, the temperature is low in winter, and the transpiration and evaporation of water are less. Therefore, watering should not be too much, only combined with fertilization watering, to keep the basin soil moist. Must not be flooded with water, resulting in rotten roots and dead seedlings.

3. The most suitable growth temperature for heat preservation of Cymbidium is 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, 10 ℃ stops growing and 0 ℃ suffers frost damage. Therefore, it must be kept warm and frost-proof in winter. After the flower stem is extracted, it is suitable to keep it at about 18 ℃. If the temperature is too high, the leaf and flower moss are only long and thin, the flower quality is poor, and the florescence is short; the temperature is too low, the flower stem is short, it is easy to be born prematurely (flowering), which affects the quality and reduces the ornamental value.

Fourth, dimming gentleman orchid likes to scatter light, avoid direct strong light. Winter indoor maintenance, flowerpots should be placed in a place with plenty of light. Especially before flowering, there should be good light, which is beneficial to the development and firmness of flower buds. After flowering, proper cooling, avoiding strong light and keeping good ventilation are beneficial to prolong the flowering period.

Fifth, protecting leaves, fat and strong flowers, colorful chlorophyll, short, wide, thick, green, bright and strong leaves are the characteristics of healthy orchids, which are the basis for promoting flowering and improving ornamental value. To maintain strong leaf quality, in addition to providing reasonable fertilizer and water, it is necessary to keep the leaf surface clean in order to improve photosynthetic efficiency. The methods of leaf protection are as follows: one is to wash the leaves regularly and spray or wipe the dust on the leaves with the same water to keep the leaves clean; the other is to spray fungicides in time to prevent the occurrence of leaf spot, leaf blight and stem rot and ensure that the leaves are green and the flowers are beautiful. (source: China Flower News 2002-11-28) the leaf width of Magnolia grandiflora is generally no more than 50 mm and rarely reaches 90 mm.

The gentleman orchid must use the special gentleman orchid!

Gentleman orchid flowers

First, the method of taking care of the magnolia

1 soil: the native land of Magnolia is under the trees of the high-altitude forests in southern Africa, and its roots are rooted in the decaying leaf layer accumulated for many years. The gentleman orchid should use loose and fertile neutral or weakly acidic humus soil, and the cultivation soil can be mixed with 65% humus soil, 20% net sand and 15% fine furnace ash. The relative humidity of the soil should be about 40%. If the soil is hardened and the drainage is not smooth, it will lead to rotting roots. When changing soil in spring, it is best to buy special soil for planting. The special soil of Cymbidium is rotten leaf soil, which is very suitable for the growth of Cymbidium.

(2) fertilization: apply solid fertilizer once to Magnolia in winter, less nitrogen fertilizer, more phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Eggshell powder and retting fish water is a good phosphate fertilizer, bran ash and soot are easily available potash. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can also be applied to promote the germination of more new plants and leaves. Fertilization must be appropriate, do not apply thick fertilizer and unfermented raw fertilizer, otherwise, it is easy to cause leaf tip scorch or rot. In winter, if the new leaves are spotted and the roots are yellow, it means that there is too much fertilization, while the narrow, thin and light color of the new leaves is a sign of lack of fertilizer.

3 watering: the soil should not be too dry or too wet, every time it must be watered thoroughly, and some more should be watered after budding. Every 20 days or so, combine watering with fermented bean cake water, fresh fish water and horseshoe water to combine watering and fertilization. Watering should be controlled when the room temperature is low to prevent the basin soil from being too wet, which will cause the rotten roots of the plant to die, but it can not make the basin soil too dry.

4 Heat preservation: the suitable temperature for the growth of Cymbidium in winter is 15 ℃ 20 ℃, which should not be lower than 10 min. The temperature should be kept at about 18 ℃ after scurrying, and the temperature difference between day and night should be about 10 ℃, otherwise the flower arrow will blossom if it does not reach a proper height, and it is easy to form a "sandwiched arrow". The magnolia should be moved indoors when the outdoor temperature is lower than 10 ℃ at night. When the indoor temperature is lower than 10 ℃, in addition to covering the surface of the basin soil with a layer of 1 cm thick charcoal powder, the flowerpot should also be placed in the indoor sunny warm place. When the indoor temperature is very low, cover the film on the flowerpot to raise temperature, but the temperature in the cover should not exceed 25 ℃, if it exceeds, it should be ventilated and cooled in time.

5Illumination: Cymbidium is easy to blossom under the condition of short day light. Hot sun exposure, summer direct sunlight will get sunburn, inhibit growth. It should be cultivated in a shady shed or in a semi-shady environment without direct sunlight from May to September every year. But the longer the sun shines in winter, the better. Low light can prolong the flowering period during flowering. It likes to be warm and cool, and avoids severe cold and heat. It generally grows well at a temperature of 18 ℃ and 20 ℃, and stops growing below 5 Mel. After the orchid enters the room, the light is limited and needs to be adjusted by manually moving the flowerpot. Under normal circumstances, the flowerpot should be placed indoors in the sunny place during the day so that the sun can shine on the plant. Before flowering, flowerpots should also be placed under fluorescent lamps to replenish light at night. Because the two rows of leaves of Cymbidium are opposite, if the light is in one position for a long time, it will make the leaves grow unevenly and affect the ornamental effect. Therefore, when adjusting the light, we should pay attention to the direction of the leaves and change to the sunny side every 10 days or so. There are two ways to arrange the flowerpot indoors: one is to make the leaf parallel to the sunny window, and the other is to make the leaf perpendicular to the sunny window, and the effect of the latter is better than the former.

(6) prolonging the flowering period: the flowering period of Cymbidium is mostly from December to March of the following year. The way to prolong the flowering period is to place the flower in a dark place when it is about to bloom, properly control the watering, and keep the temperature at 8 ℃ 12 min. In this way, the florescence can be prolonged by 10 mi for 20 days.

Second, the reason and solution of the arrow entangled by the gentleman orchid.

If you can take care of the arrow correctly according to the above method, it will not cause the entrapment of the arrow, once it causes the entrapment of the arrow, you can only cast a spell on the symptoms to get the effect. The specific countermeasures are:

1 adjust fertilizer: when the orchid arrives in autumn, it turns to the reproductive growth period, and the amount of fertilizer needs to increase. If the fertilizer is not applied properly, it is not conducive to scape. Therefore, attention should be paid to the adjustment of fertilizer. In general, after three years of cultivation, the frequency of fertilization must be increased in autumn, it is best to use liquid fertilizer with high phosphorus content, and if necessary, 20% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be added to promote flower bud differentiation and formation, rapid "archery" and early flowering.

(2) Water diversion: water can make the plant maintain normal posture, and the cells and tissues in the body contain enough water to carry out normal physiological activities. If the gentleman orchid is short of water, it will not be able to flee and blossom, and the leaves will be withered, withered, sagging and curling and so on. Therefore, when flying arrows, we should break the conventional watering method of "see wet and dry", appropriately increase the amount of water, and never let the basin soil dry, otherwise it will cause arrows and affect flowering.

(3) temperature regulation: the optimum temperature for the growth of Cymbidium is 15 ℃-25 ℃, if it is lower than 15 ℃, it is difficult to scape and blossom. If it is found that the false bulb of Cymbidium is raised, and the newly grown leaves appear "arrow path" (refers to the appearance of the newly grown leaves after flower bud differentiation, and the new leaves are squeezed by scape), this is a sign of "archery". At this time, attention should be paid to adjusting the temperature to 25 ℃ in the day and 15 ℃ at night, so that the temperature difference can be maintained at 10 ℃ and archery is relatively easy.

4 decompression: due to the excessive pressure of the leaf sheath and the false bulb, the scape can not escape from the inside, which is another reason for the arrow clip. If this happens, you can use a sterilized razor blade to cut open the leaf sheath containing the scape by 1.5 cm to relax the pressure on the sheath base and promote the scape to jump out.

Third, the method of correcting the leaf skew of Cymbidium:

1 use small clamps with appropriate strength (such as small bamboo clips for drying) with soft paper to clip the skewed leaves together with the normal leaves directly, and the crooked leaves can be corrected after a period of time.

2 use opaque Zipper paper, or thin cardboard according to the length of the leaf, folded into a width of 1 blade and 2 blades, fixed on the blade with a hairpin or needle, and the leaf is skewed over there, and the leaf can be restored after a few days. In this process, we should pay attention to observe at any time to prevent overcorrection.

3 when viewed from the front of the orchid, some leaves are spaced and some are next to each other, thick cardboard can be used to make a cover board, according to the number of leaves, open some slots with the same spacing, and carefully clip the leaves inside. After the above various methods of treatment, plastic surgery, so that the gentleman orchid to see a line, face up to the ideal form such as opening a fan.

At ordinary times, we should pay attention to the placement direction of the gentleman orchid, point the top of the leaf to the north-south direction respectively, and rotate the flowerpot 180 degrees regularly, and take turns to change the north-south orientation of the two groups of leaves.

The soil exchange for the orchid had better be carried out in spring and autumn, because the temperature is suitable at this time, the orchid grows vigorously and will not affect the growth because of the change of soil. In the south, the first vigorous growth period of Cymbidium is from March to June, when the lowest temperature in the south is 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃, the highest is 20 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, and some areas may exceed 30 ℃, which is the suitable growth temperature. The grower can turn the basin and change the soil from March to April according to the actual situation of the region; the second is from August to September, when the day is warm and cool and the temperature is moderate, which is the second exuberant growth period of Cymbidium. According to the growth of the plant, the grower can turn the pot in autumn in the middle of August. It should be noted that after archery, or in the bud flowering period, it is best not to change the soil, because the plant needs more nutrients at this stage, and the implementation of the soil exchange operation will affect the continuous supply of nutrients. However, if rotten roots or yellow leaves have to be changed due to poor soil quality, care should be taken not to break up the tuo and minimize the loss caused by the change of soil.

The operation of changing pots in Cymbidium

For the flowerpot that needs to be changed, the flowerpot must be watered once the day before the soil change. when changing the pot, place the potted flower obliquely on the ground, hold the false bulb of the plant with one hand, hold the flowerpot with the other hand, and slowly turn it upside down. tap the edge of the pot on the wooden stool, and the plant will come off. If you change the pot for an adult orchid over 4 years old, it should be operated by two people, that is, one person holds the false bulb of the plant with both hands, and the other holds the flowerpot with both hands, tapping the edge of the pot on the wooden stool, and the plant can be removed. When the gentleman orchid takes the soil mass out, be careful not to break the soil mass, so as not to damage the root system.

After the plant is poured out of the basin, gently peel off the soil and remove the aging and rotten fleshy roots (but there are no rotten fleshy roots, no matter how long they can be cut off, because these fleshy roots and tips have a lot of root hairs. These root hairs can not only absorb water and nutrients, but also secrete a variety of acids, dissolve insoluble nutrients in the soil, and expand absorption. If it is cut off, although the plant will not die, but it will certainly affect the growth. Then wash the roots with clean water (do not wash the one-or two-year-old seedlings). After drying for two or three hours, you can put on the basin.

When changing a new basin, first cover half of the drainage hole at the bottom of the flowerpot with a piece of debris, and then use a piece of debris obliquely on the other half of the drain hole, which is conducive to air permeability and drainage. At the same time, put a layer of fine pieces or slag particles at the bottom of the flowerpot to increase drainage and air permeability, and then fill a layer of loose coarse granular soil or large pieces of rotten leaf soil. In this way, the root of the orchid is easy to stretch, breathable and drained better, lest the fine soil block the hole at the bottom of the basin, resulting in too much stagnant water and rotting roots. When loading the soil, it can be watered twice. When the cultivation soil goes up to more than half of the basin, the right hand holds the pseudobulb of Cymbidium and gently lift it upward to straighten the root system, and then water it for the first time. In this way, the nutritious soil can smoothly enter between the roots, so as to avoid the lack of soil between the roots. When the nutritious soil is 2 ~ cm away from the basin mouth, water is poured again in order to make the nutritious soil solid. Both times were watered thoroughly.

The new gentleman orchid should be placed in the shade for about 10 days to slow down water evaporation and gradually restore its vitality, which is called "serving basin". After 10 days, the light can be gradually increased.