How should Saxifraga lose its leaves, keep warm / change pots / reduce the amount of water (3 tricks can be solved)

We know that in the efficacy and function of Saxifraga, it is very important to observe the leaves, but sometimes we may encounter the situation of falling leaves, which not only affects the beauty of Saxifraga, but also may endanger its health, so what about Saxifraga leaves? The editor will tell you how.

What if Saxifraga loses its leaves?

There are two main reasons for the loss of leaves, namely, frostbite and root decay of Saxifraga, so in order to solve the problem of Saxifraga leaves, we need to start from these two aspects in order to fundamentally solve the problem of leaves.

Saxifraga is frostbitten

When the temperature is below 10 degrees, the growth rate of Saxifraga is basically stagnant. the lowest temperature it can withstand is generally 5 degrees, and it can survive the winter safely in an environment of 5 degrees, but outside in the north, the temperature is much lower than 5 degrees. If Saxifraga is raised outdoors, it may be frostbitten.

What to do: what if the leaves of Saxifraga are caused by frostbite? First of all, Saxifraga should be moved from the outside to a place with a slightly higher temperature; secondly, to ensure that the environment it is in is well ventilated, do not be in a closed and muggy environment, and can help it put on an insulation bag.

Second, root rot

The leaves withered and fell together after touching, and the stems showed no signs of blackening, while the roots showed obvious signs of decay, which led to leaves falling, and most Saxifraga leaves wilted for this reason.

What to do: root decay is generally caused by too much watering. Stagnant water in the basin soil is easy to make the root appear such a situation, which will affect the plant's absorption of water and nutrients, so it should help Saxifraga replace the basin soil as soon as possible. and usually pay attention not to overwatering.

Saxifraga leaves are curled. Why?

Saxifraga leaves curling is also a common phenomenon, and under normal circumstances its leaves should be obtuse or acute, the base is nearly truncated, round to heart-shaped, and the curling of leaves is obviously a growth problem, botanists believe that it has something to do with humidity and light.

If Saxifraga is raised on the windowsill or balcony, it will cause the leaves to curl when it is exposed to direct sunlight for a long time, and the low humidity will also cause the leaves to curl, so it needs to be sprayed with water from time to time to improve the humidity around Saxifraga.

Conclusion: the leaves of Saxifraga are the main part of viewing. If there is a fall, usually Wendy is too low or the root is rotten, the maintenance method and the environment of Saxifraga should be adjusted in time to avoid more leaves falling.

Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-Flower watering knowledge Daquan essence flower culture process, watering is the top priority, good care of flowers watering is the basis. In the process of planting flowers and plants, watering is a very important problem, which is the key to the success or failure of the whole cultivation. As the saying goes, water is the source of life, and no flower or tree can do without it. According to the author's years of experience and lessons recommended by the author, combined with several misunderstandings that are easy to enter in family flower cultivation, here we discuss Guan Yi's knowledge of watering flowers with new and old flower friends.

Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

First of all, watering depends on the type of flowers, plant status, seasons and other conditions. Family flower watering is the same as any other work, if you want to raise flowers and plants well, you must not be careless. You should respect the law of plant growth, always observe carefully, and constantly ponder carefully in order to cultivate strong flowers and trees. 1, flower types: different flowers, water requirements are also different, for example, aquatic plants can not do without water, succulent plants watered once a week is beneficial, and foliage plants often need to keep the soil in a micro-tide state. 2. Plant status: usually smaller plants or newly propagated plants are not tolerant to drought; larger plants or molded plants are more tolerant to drought. 3. Cultivation location: flowers placed in the open air need more water, while flowers placed in the greenhouse need less water. 4, seasonal change: dry and hot summer, flowers need more water, low temperature in winter, flowers grow slowly, transpiration is small, watering is less. In autumn and winter, with the decrease of temperature, many cold-resistant flowers have to enter the house to avoid the cold. However, due to improper watering, flowers or fallen leaves, or only grow, and even the phenomenon of death. Therefore, the first thing we should pay attention to is the watering time, preferably in the sunny morning, and as little as possible in the evening. In addition, we should also pay attention to the principle of watering more big trees and watering small pots frequently. In addition, when flowers enter the house, they must wait until the potted soil is dry before watering. Even flowers that are sexually fond of moist soil, such as calla lilies and four seasons begonia, should wait until the surface of the potted soil is dry before watering. And those flowers that like dry environment, such as tiger skin and cactus, must wait for the potted soil to dry from top to bottom before watering. Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

Secondly, scientific watering is the key to the success or failure of flower cultivation. In the specific operation, we should pay attention to the following "five looks":

1. Look at the water quality: it is better for flowers and trees to have pollution-free natural precipitation. Rain Water and Xueshui are the first to water flowers. Daily tap water, in the purification process are added purifier, should not be directly watered flowers, it is best to store for a day or two, so that the chlorine in the water volatilized and then watered. Or put a piece of vitamin c in a basin of tap water, which can also eliminate chlorine in a short period of time. Boiled egg water, tea water, fermented rice water, replaced fish water, beer, sugar water, etc., are rich in nutrients suitable for the growth of flowers and trees, which are good water for watering flowers. In recent years, magnetized water and laser water have also become good water for watering flowers. 2. look at the water temperature: the closer the water temperature is to the soil temperature, the better. When there is a big difference between soil temperature and water temperature, flowers should not be watered so as not to damage the roots by cold water. The most practical way is to store some spare water in a watering basin or shallow water tank near the potted flowers, which is conducive to naturally adjusting the difference in water temperature. In general, the turbidity difference between water temperature and soil temperature should be kept within 5 ℃, so that root damage will not occur. 3. Look at the time: the temperature varies throughout the year, so does the amount of water used when watering flowers. When the spring is cold and warm and the weather is changeable, the potted flowers begin to sprout and take root, and the water demand is large, so it is necessary to keep the basin soil moist; the summer is hot and dry, evaporation is fast, and watering should be doubled; autumn should be watered less; in winter, most flowers and trees are dormant, as long as the pot soil is slightly wet. 4. Look at the flowerpot: the principle of watering potted flowers should also be determined according to the size, depth and texture of the flowerpot. Small basin shallow, watering should be less and frequently; mud basin seepage is good, basin soil is easy to dry, frequent watering; stone basin, glaze basin is not easy to seepage, watering can not be too frequent, long-term stagnant flowers will rot. 5. Look at flowers and trees: different flowers have different water requirements, so watering varies from flower to flower. Common cactus and flowers such as aloe and sedum are underdeveloped and should be watered less. Some flowers and trees, there is a layer of dense villi on the leaves, such as begonia, paulownia, Baobao flowers, etc., it is not suitable to spray water on the leaves, otherwise the water is difficult to evaporate, mildew and disease easily. There are many flowers with small leaves, slow evaporation of water and less watering to blossom more, such as crape myrtle, Jiuli incense, sparrow plum and so on. In addition, flowers and trees should be watered more in the peak growing season and in the bud period, and less in the flowering period. Freshly trimmed flowers should be watered less, otherwise the branches and leaves will be empty and affect the shape. Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

Third, like any crop, flowers are very sensitive to water. Water is not only the life of flowers, but also the disease of flowers.

First, distinguish different flowers and master the principle of watering. For wet flowers, such as calamus, tortoise back bamboo, calla lilies, etc., because they can grow well in a humid environment, the principle of watering should be "wet rather than dry"; for drought-tolerant flowers, such as cactus, because stems and leaves can store a lot of water, strong drought tolerance, avoid waterlogging, watering principle should be "dry rather than wet" For semi-drought-tolerant flowers, such as camellia and rhododendron, because the leaves are waxy or have a large number of hairy antler, the principle of watering should be "dry and thoroughly watered"; for mesophytic flowers, such as rose and pomegranate, because the soil is too dry or too wet, the principle of watering should be "dry and wet"; for aquatic flowers, such as lotus and water lilies, because they cannot live without water, the principle of watering is "continuous". Second, the amount of watering should be determined according to the times. Watering should be controlled for flowers in seedling stage and fruiting stage, and more watering should be done in vigorous growth and flowering stage. In summer, the amount of water should be increased appropriately and the watering times should be increased. Less watering or no watering should be done in winter. The large flowerpots should be watered more, and the smaller ones should be watered less. It should be watered more in continuous sunny days and dry days, not watered in continuous overcast and rainy days, and pay attention to the exclusion of waterlogging in the basin. It is suitable to be watered in the morning and evening in high temperature season and around noon in winter. Third, improve the watering quality and define the watering position. For the water quality of potted flowers, first, do not pollute flowers and seedlings with sewage from ponds and ditches, and second, do not directly use tap water of the day to prevent excessive chloride poisoning; self-collected water should be stored in rainbow or bucket for 2-3 days before using better results; third, hard water with high salt content should be avoided, and soft water with low salt content should be used to water flowers: fourth, it is necessary to encourage the storage of natural Rain Water to water flowers. General flowers are suitable for root watering, foliage flowers can spray water on the leaves, but sandalwood plants watching flowers should not spray water on the leaves, such as cyclamen, gentleman orchid. Especially around noon, it is not appropriate to use cold water to water flowers, so as to avoid strong temperature contrast, resulting in physiological imbalance, causing plants to wilt immediately. Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

(1) wrong concept of growing flowers and watering

First, in daily life, people often over-indulge precious flowers and trees that they especially like, for fear that they will not grow well, or even dry to death, so that they are often constantly watered, resulting in impervious air in the roots of the plants, affecting their breathing, and finally the roots rot and die. Second, watering flowers and trees is like scratching the surface. Although they are often watered, they are often "half-watered." as a result, the soil is often wet on the top and dry on the surface, and the soil is dry on the inside. in fact, there is not much water at the roots of the plants. Others only spray water on the leaves and do not water the basin soil, and the result is the same. Third, when watering the "dry basin", it is thought that the bottom of the basin has been watered thoroughly as soon as it comes out of the water. in fact, the soil in the basin has been wet around for a long time, and the roots of flowers and trees have not evenly absorbed water when it is dried in the middle to form a "hollow carrot". Fourth, for potted flowers and trees, they often watch and water more times, and if they are not free or forget to see them, they will be watered less or not, depending on their personal interest, so that the flowers and trees are either dry or rotten because they are too wet. Fifth, regardless of the ecological habits of flowers and trees, climate change, the size of flowerpots, plant conditions and placement locations (strong, weak, well-ventilated, poor, etc.), take "routine", regular universal watering, all equal treatment. Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

(2) points for attention in watering

In fact, watering flowers and trees is a relatively complex knowledge, which must be treated differently according to the objective conditions of nature and the objective needs of plants. To implement correct watering, we should generally try our best to do: look at the dry and wet soil, look at the color of the soil, and see whether the branches and leaves are wilting. Second touch: touch the soft and hard of the soil, touch the tightness of the soil. Three listeners: play the high school percussion body with your fingers and listen to whether its voice is crisp or dull. Fourth, do not dry, do not water, water thoroughly (the whole basin of soil should be wet) at the same time to achieve between dry and wet, dry wet, do not have stagnant water under the basin. Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

(3) pay attention to watering flowers every day

Many flower lovers have the good habit of saving water and often use the leftover water from washing dishes or vegetables to water the flowers. They do not realize that these "good habits" will cause fatal harm to flowers and plants. Although flowers and plants are plants, they all have their own "high standards" for the environment. If they are not satisfied, they will be in a bad mood to show you. So, what problems should we pay special attention to when watering? First, water containing oil or soap powder should not be used to water flowers. These substances will have a destructive effect on the soil, change the pH of the basin soil, and seriously cause the death of flowers and plants. In contrast, the old water replaced by rice panning water or fish tank has a certain degree of fertility, which is much better than tap water, which is completely usable. Second, avoid watering at noon in midsummer. At this time, due to the relatively high temperature, plant root pores open, suddenly watered, easy to let flowers and plants "catch a cold". Third, flowers with hairy leaves should not be watered with spray cans. The foliar surface is not easy to evaporate after spraying water, and it is very easy to rot, so we'd better not use a spray can to water it, we should take irrigation measures. Fourth, if the flowers are in full bloom, they should not spray more water. Otherwise, it will cause petals to rot. If flowers and plants are expected to be seeded and watered during flowering, it will also affect plant fertilization, thus reducing the fruit rate. Fifth, do not pour "half-waist water". "half waist water" is that only the amount of water can only wet the topsoil, while the lower soil is dry. In the long run, a hard plated layer will be formed at the dry-wet junction of the soil, making it difficult to root down the plant. Therefore, we must grasp the principle of "watering thoroughly" when watering. At the same time, along with watering, we should also develop the good habit of loosening the soil: loosening the soil should be carried out after watering, when the basin soil is semi-dry, and the depth is based on seeing the root, and it is OK to cut off some surface roots, which is conducive to the birth of new roots. Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

(4) differences in application scenarios of watering flowers

one。 The matters needing attention in raising flowers on the balcony grow flowers in pots on the balcony, because there is no earth atmosphere, it is easier to dry up than to plant flowers on the ground. Novice flower growers often worry about the lack of water in the basin, so no matter whether it is dry or wet or the weather is sunny or rainy, they only care about watering the flowers every day, resulting in often watering the flowers to death. Therefore, beginners of flower cultivation must learn the technique of watering. (1) pay attention to water quality: tap water can only be used in cities. When watering flowers with tap water, it is best to put the water in a bucket or tank for 1 or 2 days before watering, because the tap water contains bleach and chlorine, which is safer after storage. If Rain Water can be picked up on a rainy day to water the flowers, the water quality is better than tap water. (2) pay attention to the water temperature: pay attention to the water temperature when watering, and its temperature should be similar to that of the basin soil. If you water it in summer, at least put the tap water out for a few hours, so that the water temperature and temperature are close before you use it, otherwise pouring very cold water on the hotter flowers will do harm to it, let alone watering the flowers immediately after the well water is taken out, because the temperature of the well water is lower. (3) pay attention to the amount of water: the amount of water should be determined according to the habits of flowers, the air temperature and the dry and wet conditions of the air, the dry and wet conditions of the basin soil, the growing period of flowers, and so on. Wet flowers can be watered more, dry flowers should be watered less; herbaceous flowers should be watered more, woody flowers should be watered less; flowers with large, soft leaves should be watered more, and flowers with large seedlings and small pots should be watered less; flowers placed on balconies should be watered more, and flowers put indoors should be watered less. Water more in hot weather, less in cool weather, less in dry weather, less in cloudy days, and not in rainy days. Flowers are watered more when they are pregnant and less when they are in full bloom; mud pots and earthen pots are watered more, and porcelain pots, glaze pots and plastic pots are watered less. In short, it is safer to have a little less water in a flowerpot than too much water.

Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

two。 Potted flower maintenance watering flower proverb says: "whether to live depends on water, whether long depends on fertilizer." Watering is the key to the success or failure of growing flowers. Many novice flower growers are mostly puzzled by the question of how much water should be watered: "it is said in the book that it should not be too much and not less, so how can it be no more or less?" In fact, the amount of watering depends on what kind of flowers are planted, whether this kind of flower likes to be dry, wet or semi-dry. You must not be treated like any flowers. If you plant 10 pots of flowers at home, you should water them together and do them together. Water is the source of plant life, but the excessively moist soil environment will make the roots of some dry flowers unable to breathe, and then the rotten roots will die, the roots will die, and the flowers will certainly not survive. Therefore, if you want to raise flowers well, the first step is to find out the moisture requirements of each kind of flowers. First of all, we have to feed and then blossom in the next step. Potted flowers are limited by specific environmental conditions, watering operation is not only troublesome, but also the key to success or failure. In order to water properly, we must first understand the natural habits of different varieties of flowers and how much water they need at all stages of growth and development, and also depend on the cloudy and sunny weather, the level of temperature and humidity, the type of flowerpots, the size of plants, and the texture of potted soil. There are roughly the following situations and methods of watering potted flowers: (1) watering: before 10:00 in spring, summer and autumn, and at 2pm in winter. The water temperature is close to the soil temperature, slightly higher in winter and lower in summer. However, the temperature difference between water and soil should not exceed about 5 ℃, and the amount of water should be moist from the basin surface to the basin bottom. Watering taboos to block the waist (upper wet and lower dry), nest water (basin bottom stagnant water), but also to avoid the loss of soil and fertilizer in the basin hole, resulting in voids in the basin core, seriously affecting the growth and development of potted flowers. When watering, it should be noted that the flowers that like to dry can control the amount of water, keep the basin soil slightly tidal, and the topsoil can be seen white stubble but not completely dry. Wet flowers often keep the basin soil moist, the topsoil does not see white stubble, but do not accumulate water for a long time. (2) looking for water: when the sky is dry, 1515: 00 will see that the basin soil is dry and wet, and appropriate amount of water should be irrigated as appropriate, so as to keep the basin soil moist. When the weather suddenly changes and water is needed under special circumstances, watering is not limited by the number of times. (3) Water release: potted flowers in the period of vigorous growth and development, in order to release strips, grow plants, promote flowers and strengthen fruit, combined with topdressing can increase the amount of water, keep the topsoil from white stubble and leaves from wilting. (4) restrain water: potted flowers in dormant period or low temperature season, or for squatting seedlings, promoting pregnant buds, preventing excessive growth, and correcting the phenomenon of rhubarb leaves and falling buds, we should properly control the amount of watering, keep the basin soil moist, and combine with loosening soil to preserve soil moisture. (5) Water spraying: in the dry season of spring and autumn, in addition to normal watering and holding water, water should be sprayed on the leaf surface and flower cultivation land to increase environmental humidity, prevent tender leaves from scorching and flowers withering early, and keep plants fresh, especially flowers in the south should pay more attention to the humid environment. If it is suddenly sunny after rain in summer or muggy at night, you should spray water to cool down and prevent disease; spray water on the leaf surface at any time to prevent residual water spots and leaf dust from condensing into waterlogging points, which is not easy to remove. Watering potted flowers is a regular work, the above methods should be used flexibly, step by step, and persevere. 1. Potted plants should not be overwatered. All cactus and pulpy flowers are resistant to drought and fear of waterlogging, such as cactus, cactus boxing, aloe, lotus flowers, falling to the ground, and so on. If the pot soil is wet for a long time or is drenched by rain, the leaves are most likely to rot and root rot. Where fleshy roots, bulbs such as orchids, peonies, peonies, magnolia, dahlias, paulownia, auspicious grass, cyclamen, crane orchid, etc., waterlogging is a major cause. Some woody flowers are also afraid of waterlogging, such as plum blossom, Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, sweet-scented osmanthus, rhododendron, wax plum, Michelia, triangular plum, Nanyang fir, Brazilian wood, Phnom Penh incense and begonia and so on. If you are stained with water for 5 days, your life will be in critical condition and it will be difficult to save. Some flowers with wet habits are also afraid of waterlogging, such as chrysanthemum, jasmine, Milan, asparagus, etc., because the potted soil is too wet or has been drenched for a long time, the roots will suffocate to death. In order to prevent flowers and trees from suffering from waterlogging, the following measures should be taken: (1) planting flowers and trees in land that is afraid of waterlogging should be planted in high and dry places, and should not be planted in low-lying areas. (2) for planting flowers and trees that are in danger of causing waterlogging, drainage ditches should be dug before the rainy season, and the roots of the plants should be raised with soil, and the precious flowers and trees had better be surrounded by plastic sheeting after cultivating the soil. (3) the potted flowers should be moved to shelter as early as possible during the plum rain. If the number of potted flowers is so large that it is too late to move them, they should be brought down on the spot to prevent stagnant water. (4) potted flowers and trees should chisel a large drainage hole at the bottom of the pot in advance. After the hole is covered with a window screen, add a layer of jujube-sized bricks, charcoal residue or charcoal block, so that the excess water can be discharged at any time. Before planting flowers and trees for fear of waterlogging, you should also dig a deep tree pit and spread a thick layer of gravel or charcoal residue at the bottom of the pit to facilitate water seepage. (5) to water flowers and trees for fear of waterlogging, we must grasp the principle of seeing dry and wet, and flood with more spraying and less irrigation as far as possible. When pouring, we should not only prevent "blocking waist water", but also prevent stagnant water in the basin. (6) for the flowers and trees that have been affected by waterlogging, the wet soil weight should be knocked out in time, the wet mud should be removed, the plants should be kept cool and ventilated, water should be sprayed on the branches and leaves appropriately, and the soil should be changed again after the plants are restored to vitality. (note) Water-resistant flowers and trees include: taro, parasol, Saxifraga, banyan, palm bamboo, plantain, one-leaf orchid, tortoise bamboo, rubber tree, calla lily, pineapple, flowering duck toe, Guangdong evergreen and all kinds of ferns and so on. two。 Pot watering in summer should pay attention to the high temperature and strong light in summer, which speeds up the transpiration rate of potted flower water, which is easy to cause basin soil drought. Therefore, the summer watering of potted flowers is very important, we should pay attention to the following points. The temperature of basin soil is higher at noon in summer, and the root system absorbs water faster. If cold water is poured at this time, the temperature of the basin soil will drop suddenly and affect the normal function of the plant root system. It makes it difficult for the root system to absorb water, destroys the balance of water metabolism of the plant, causes the plant to wilt and affects the growth. So watering potted flowers in summer is best done in the morning or evening. The respiration of potted flowers in summer is exuberant, which requires good ventilation of potted soil. Too much watering will cause poor ventilation of the basin soil, affect the normal physiological activities of the root system, and even lead to the fence root in serious cases. Therefore, the pot soil should not be watered when it is not dry, but should be watered thoroughly when it is dry, and should not be watered to the halfway point of the flowerpot. In summer, the soil of flowerpots is often cracked because it is too dry, so watering cannot be done at once. Otherwise, the water will leak straight from the soil seam to the bottom of the basin, and most of the basin soil is still very dry, and the plant will still be short of water and wilt the next day. Generally, you have to wait a moment after the first watering, and then water it again after the soil cracks are closed. When potted flowers wilt, their cells dry and shrink due to loss of water, and immediate watering will make the cell wall quickly absorb water and expand outward. On the other hand, the protoplast of the cell absorbs water slowly and cannot increase accordingly, so it will be torn by tension. The destruction of a large number of cell protoplasts has a great impact on the plant, and even causes its death. It is more reasonable to move the wilted potted flowers to a shady place, spray a small amount of water to the leaves and basin soil, and then pour water thoroughly after the plant has recovered. 3. What harm does insufficient watering do to flowers? Potted flowers due to less soil, livestock water is not much, in the flower growing season need to pay attention to often replenish water, in order to ensure the normal growth of flowers. If the water supply is insufficient, the leaves and petioles will shrink and droop, resulting in wilting. If the flowers are in the condition of leaf wilting due to insufficient water supply for a long time, the leaves of the older and lower parts of the plant will gradually yellowing and dry up. If most grass flowers are in a state of drought for a long time, the plants are short, the leaves lose their bright green luster, and even the whole plant dies. Some flower growers are afraid of excessive watering, watering each time "half water" (half waist water), that is, the amount of water can only moisten the topsoil, while the lower soil is dry, this watering method will also affect the root development of flowers, there will also be the above adverse phenomena, so watering should be "dry and wet, watering thoroughly". 4. Rational watering is not only a regular management work in the cultivation of foliage plants, but also an important link directly related to the growth of foliage plants. As there are differences in water demand among different species of foliage plants and at different stages of their growth and development, timely and appropriate watering and balanced water supply is the key to good watering. The following focuses on the watering measures of annual and biennial herbaceous foliage plants. a. Watering method (1) ground irrigation: watering with rubber hose or plastic hose. It is suitable for flower beds, flower borders and foliage plants planted in border fields. (2) sprinkler irrigation: it is a special watering method for potted foliage plants, which is equipped with a matching fine-hole sprinkler, and it is also an ideal tool for watering breeding bed and seedling bed. Because the water column it spurts is so small that it will not wash away the seeds and wash down the seedlings. (3) drip irrigation: drip irrigation is an advanced irrigation method to slowly apply water to plant root soil through drip irrigation facilities. it has many advantages, such as water saving, labor saving, balanced water supply, no destruction of soil structure and so on. (4) Immersion irrigation: put the flowerpot into a shallow trough or shallow basin filled with water and let the water seep into the basin soil from the hole at the bottom of the pot. However, it should be noted that the water outside the basin can only be flooded to the third place of the basin body, and the surface of the basin soil is wet, so it can be taken out and cannot be soaked for a long time, so as to prevent the seeds from floating, exposing the soil surface or loosening the soil layer, causing the seeds to sink and bury deeply, affecting the seed germination rate. The immersion irrigation method is mainly used for watering pot sowing seedlings. b. Watering time spring and autumn are watered in the morning or afternoon. It is watered in summer when it is cool in the morning and evening, and when it is warm around noon in winter. The choice of watering time should make the water temperature close to the soil temperature as far as possible, and the temperature difference should not exceed 5 ℃, so as to prevent the root system from being damaged and its absorption function affected by the sudden change of soil temperature caused by watering. c. The frequency and quantity of watering mainly depend on the seasonal change. depends on weather conditions and plant growth. In spring and autumn, the plant grows rapidly and needs a lot of water, but the temperature is not very high. The amount of water dispersion is relatively small, so watering should be appropriate, not more, not less, generally watering once a day. In summer, the light is strong, the temperature is high, and the water evaporation is large. Water should be watered frequently, once in the morning and once in the evening. The temperature is low in winter, for open-field herbaceous foliage plants, their growth slows down, water demand decreases, and they can be watered for 2-3 days, but for greenhouse herbaceous foliage plants, when it is in the peak growing season, it is appropriate to strengthen watering. It is also necessary to flexibly master according to the weather conditions every day, in case of sunny or windy weather. if the water is scattered and lost speed, the amount of water should be increased, while in case of cloudy days, the amount of water should be reduced. The seeds should be watered moderately before and after germination, based on the principle of a small amount of water for many times. When entering the seedling growth period, the amount of watering should be reduced moderately and squatting seedlings should be carried out intentionally, which is beneficial to pregnant buds and prevent plant overgrowth. The seedling growth period and flowering period should be watered enough to meet the needs of exuberant plant metabolism, but for those species that are easy to drop flowers and fruits, the amount of watering should not be too much. During the period of seed formation, a proper reduction of watering is beneficial to seed maturation. d. The experience of watering should be timely and appropriate. In addition to the above-mentioned basic requirements for watering, people have summed up a set of practical experience in long-term practical work. It is common to judge whether watering is needed by listening to the sound, looking at the color, and touching the soil. Listening to the sound is to gently flick the flowerpot with your fingers. if you make a dull and dull sound, it means that the soil is wet and does not need watering. Look at the color, that is, when you see that the basin soil is grayish white. It means that the soil is dry and needs watering. If the soil is dark, it means the soil is not dry and does not need watering. To touch the soil, that is, to pinch the soil with your hands, if it is clumpy, it means that the soil is moist and does not need watering; if you pinch it with your hands, the soil will break up and cannot be clustered. It means that the soil is dry and needs watering. In a word, watering is a daily work of foliage plant cultivation. It must be based on the principle that if it is wet, it will not be watered, and if it is dry, it must be thoroughly watered. It should be based on the consistent degree of dryness and wetness in the soil surface, and avoid upper and lower dryness (waist water) or upper dry and lower wet (nest bottom water). Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

(5) the difference between the seasons of watering flowers

First, how to water spring flowers is the key to raising potted flowers. Because the spring climate is relatively dry and the air humidity is small, if the amount of water is less, it will cause yellow leaves and fallen leaves, affecting the growth and development of flowers; too much watering will cause flower buds to fall off or root rot, or even death. 1. Judge whether potted flowers need to be watered in spring if the color of the potted soil surface is brownish red, pressing the potted soil surface with your fingers has a soft and damp feeling, and bouncing the basin wall with your fingers, the sound issued is muddy and dull, indicating that the potted soil is moist and does not need watering; if the color of the potted soil surface becomes light and white, pressing the potted soil surface with your fingers feels hard, and the sound of hitting the basin wall is crisp and loud, it means that the potted soil is dry and needs watering. two。 The frequency, time and amount of watering of potted flowers in spring the temperature begins to rise after the beginning of spring, and flowers enter the growth period, and the amount of water should be gradually increased. In general, flowers are watered once every 2 to 3 days, and then gradually increased to once a day with the increase of temperature, and twice a day in the high temperature stage in July. Watering time should be between 10:00 and 4 p.m. Different kinds of flowers have different habits and water requirements. Pteridophytes, orchids, begonias and other wet flowers should be watered more; crassulaceae, cactus, tequila and other drought-loving flowers should be watered less; bulb flowers should not be watered too much. The amount of water required is different in different growth and development stages. The watering of flowers from dormant period to growing period should be gradually increased; flowers in vigorous growth period should be watered more; water should be deducted in the early stage of flower bud differentiation, squatting seedling stage, and before changing pots; less water should be watered in the early flowering stage and fruiting stage, and appropriate watering should be done in full flowering period; flowers newly planted or newly changed pots must be watered thoroughly for the first time. The nature of cultivated soil is different, the water retention capacity is very different, and the amount of water should also be different. Sandy loose soil, poor water retention capacity, should be watered more; sticky soil, strong water retention capacity, should be less watering. The amount of water also depends on the size and texture of the flowerpot, the flowerpot is small, the soil dries quickly, and the watering times should be increased, while the flowerpot is large, on the contrary. The mud basin has loose texture and good water permeability, and the loss of water through basin wall evaporation is more than that of flowers, so it is necessary to water more; pottery basin, glaze basin and purple sand basin have fine texture, poor water permeability and air permeability, so they should be watered less; plastic basins are impervious and should be watered less. 3. Rain Water, pond water and river water are the most suitable for watering flowers in spring. General flowers can also use tap water, but it is best to store tap water for 1 or 2 days before use. 4. Spring watering method soak the pot; soak the flowerpot into the water basin and let the water seep into the basin soil along the water hole at the bottom of the basin until the basin soil is completely soaked. This method is mostly used for new pots of flowers and when sowing and raising seedlings in flowerpots, in order to prevent watering from the outside to wash away the pot soil or to shift the seeds, thus affecting the emergence of seedlings. Spray pot watering method: use a spray can to pour water directly on the basin surface. This method is commonly used in larger flowers and trees. Spray pot sprinkling: sprinkle water on the leaves and pots of the plant with a spray can. This method is often used in new seedlings, cuttings and foliage plants. However, some flowers are particularly sensitive to water, such as Tripterygium przewalskii, Baobao flower, begonia and so on, which have thick villi on the leaf surface, which is not easy to evaporate after spraying water, and the leaves are easy to rot; the top leaf buds of cyclamen bulbs and the flower buds of African chrysanthemum are easy to rot and wither, so it is not suitable to use water spray. For blooming flowers, it is not advisable to spray more water, otherwise it is easy to cause petal mildew or affect fertilization and reduce seed setting rate.

Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

Second, how to water flowers in summer

After the plum rainy season with abundant rainfall and high humidity suitable for flower growth in summer, it immediately enters a hot summer, and in a few days (July 13), it immediately enters a long summer day (40 days this year), which is extremely disadvantageous to flower growth. It's a test for flower growers. The summer days this year are particularly long, and if they are not raised well, the flowers will be listless or even die, and there will be no good mood. Especially those raised outdoors and in direct sunlight.

When it comes to summer, my management has not changed, but flowers, especially flowers with stories, why are their leaves yellow? Ugly? Not full? Why did the plant wither? Anyway, it's like being sick. I don't know what to do. I don't know what to do. I can't do it with my own experience of growing flowers.

Summer is the season when most potted flowers grow vigorously, with large evaporation, which should be watered properly, indoor flowers should be watered once every 2-3 days, and outdoor flowers should be watered once a day. Different varieties of flowers should be treated differently. In general, herbaceous flowers need more water than woody flowers and should be watered more. For positive plants, adequate sunlight should be placed, watering should be sufficient, and there should be no stagnant water in the basin; for semi-negative plants, such as camellias and azaleas, it is better to put them in half-shade and half-sun, and it is better to be ventilated; the foliage plants should be shaded. Into the growth slow period or semi-dormant state of crab claw orchid, four seasons crabapple and other flowers pot soil should be dry, flowering flowers should also be less watered, so as not to knock down buds. Do not apply fertilizer or apply light fertilizer and water in hot summer.

In fact, most of these problems are related to the time and method of watering. Because your watering time and method are wrong, it harms the function of foliar photosynthesis of flowers.

The temperature in the south of the Yangtze River is now around 37 degrees, which is extremely hot, which is the greatest harm to the fat, tender and green flowers. Now the sky is clear every day, and the sun is hot and poisonous, which is a test for the lush flowers. Next, I would like to talk about the watering time, methods and transplanting of flowers in summer with a little bit of my own experience. As long as they are done in accordance with these, there should be no problem for flowers to spend the summer safely.

1. Summer watering time is from morning to before 12:30 noon. According to my experience, there is no problem with watering during this period. Watering from 12:30 to 7 p.m. Has a great impact on flowers. From 2: 00 to 5: 00 in the afternoon, if the water is watered on the flower leaves, the damage to the leaves is the greatest. Leaves will protect themselves in hot weather, suddenly encounter cold water, often like this, the leaves will have problems. I won't talk about the truth. Anyway, if it must be watered in the afternoon, the water must not be watered on the leaves (especially when the sun is still shining on the flowers). The reason why it is difficult to water in the afternoon is that the soil of the flowerpot has been sunburned in the afternoon, and watering is easy to mildew some herbs. You can't water it after a few o'clock at noon. You can do the experiment by yourself. this is the central Zhejiang basin. It's not a big problem to water before 01:30 in the afternoon. Watering at noon as late as possible, because the sun is bright in the afternoon, flowers need more water and evaporation. If there is an imbalance between supply and demand, flowers will lose too much water in the evening and it will be difficult to recover. The disadvantages of watering in the morning and evening are that this period of time is too long, the supply and demand of water is not balanced, and watering in the evening is disadvantageous to the recovery of flowers. The advantage of watering in the morning and noon is that watering flowers in the morning is enough, and watering at noon meets the exposure and evaporation of flowers in the afternoon hot day, which is very good for the protection of flowers. Some people are due to time, work or travel reasons. When I went home in the afternoon, I saw that the flowers were seriously short of water. I felt sunburned, the stems were also soft, and the leaves were rolled up. If you encounter this situation, the plants are seriously short of water to protect themselves, and it is not good if they are suddenly watered. Either move to a cool place or increase the humidity of the flower-growing place. My advice is to water it after 9: 00 p. M., that is to say, you feel that the flowerpot or the mud on the ground is completely cold before watering. Foliar spraying should not be a big problem after dark. And when watering in the morning, if the sun is strong, after 09:30, water should not be watered on the leaves as far as possible. two。 The method of watering flowers in summer depends on whether you can water them or not. Newcomers often forget or work too hard to grow flowers. As a matter of fact, flowers should be missed just like people. No matter what kind of flowers, they should be dry and watered, and the watering must be thoroughly. In summer, it is sunny and frequently watered, and the mud in the flowerpot is easy to harden and solid, but if you water it quickly, many people flush it with leather tubes in order to save effort. In fact, most of the roots of flowers are not watered in this way. Watering in summer should be slow and patient. Often loosen the shallow soil. Watering along the flowerpot, watering quickly is to wash the soil surface, thinking that the surface is wet, the flowers are thoroughly watered, in fact, there is no, if slow, the water will slowly go to the roots of the flowers. Special attention is paid to the fact that after watering once, after more than ten minutes, we can see that the surface of the flowerpot is not watery, and there is also a supplementary watering. This watering is particularly critical. This time, the water really enters the soil, and most of the water watered for the first time may be lost. Don't water the soil until it turns white in other seasons. Meat plants are also less watered in summer, let alone in the afternoon. We know that the watermelon is very warm in the afternoon, and it is so hot in the meat plant. As soon as you water it, the pores on its surface are closed, so you often can't breathe. It's no wonder it's warm inside and it doesn't rot. Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

Third, how to water flowers in autumn

For those dormant and semi-dormant flowers in autumn, it is better to control watering and keep the pot soil dry. Flowers that like shade or semi-shade should gradually increase their lighting time as the weather turns cool, and flowers that have already bloomed should be watered in time. Watering should be 1-2 times a day, watering at 9-10:00 in the morning should be sufficient (negative plants are relatively less), and appropriate amount of water should be watered in the evening. If the weather is hot and dry, you can spray foliar fog sooner or later, and water the ground around the flowers at the same time. With the decrease of temperature, the shortening of sunshine and the increase of temperature difference in autumn, great changes have taken place in the growth of all kinds of plants, so we must pay attention to their own growth characteristics. 1. For flowers that bloom in general autumn, winter and early spring, you can continue to water normally; for other flowers, you can gradually control watering, and take the principle that if the pot soil is not too dry, you will not water or water less. two。 For negative flowers and indoor foliage plants, watering should not be too frequent or excessive, so as to avoid rotting roots or causing diseases and insect pests. 3. It is difficult to control the watering turn of flowers, otherwise it will affect the differentiation of flower buds. Flower watering knowledge and matters needing attention-A collection of flower watering knowledge

Fourth, how to water flowers in winter

"the main reason why it is difficult for family flowers to survive the winter is that they are watered too hard, and winter flowers should be watered more in the sun than in winter." because the temperature in winter is low, the air humidity is high, and the plant consumption is low, if it is often watered, the soil will accumulate more water and cause rotten roots. if you put flowers outdoors, they may even freeze to death. Golden Tiger Ball is a plant of the cactus family, and it is a drought-tolerant plant. It should be watered less or not. Other flowers should also be watered once every ten and a half days, and not more water each time. In winter, you should often let the flowers bask in the sun. When the weather is fine, you can move the flowerpot outside and move to the bedroom at night. The weather is getting colder and most of the potted plants have been moved indoors for maintenance. The winter in the north is long, cold and dry, which is particularly easy to damage plants. In order to keep the plants safe during the winter, in addition to ensuring sunshine and heat preservation, watering is also an item that requires special attention. 1. If the basin soil is not dry, don't water it. If there is too much water, the inevitable result is rotten roots. two。 The best time to water in winter is at noon, not in the evening when you think of it. 3. The water used for watering flowers must not be turned on, but should be stored in a jar and used in the sun for a day or two. If the water temperature is too different from the room temperature, it will hurt the roots. The main results are as follows: (1) watering potted flowers in winter most potted flowers enter the dormancy stage, their growth is slow, their metabolism decreases, and the water requirement is reduced accordingly. If the watering is not properly mastered, frostbite will occur in the roots. resulting in the upper part of the plant withered or even died. Watering in winter is best around noon when the light is better (generally from 10:00 to 2 p.m.), that is, when the water temperature is suitable for the air temperature. If the water temperature is too low, causing frost damage, it is difficult to recover. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the watering time and less watering in winter. For potted flowers entering the greenhouse, the amount of water should be based on the temperature in the greenhouse. Potted flowers in low-temperature greenhouse are watered every 4-5 days, and potted flowers in medium-temperature greenhouse and high-temperature greenhouse are usually watered every 2 days, and more water is watered in places with sufficient sunlight and higher temperature. Because there are heating equipment in the greenhouse, the air is easy to dry, so for those flowers that like high temperature and humidity, in addition to watering, they also need to spray water to increase the humidity in the air. In case of strong winds and cold air, flowers placed outdoors need to be kept warm and watered less. (2) watering flowers in winter "three taboos" and "five appropriate" family cultivation of flowers, whether they can bloom well, protect their leaves in winter, and whether they can survive the winter safely, watering is particularly important.

First, "three taboos" to water flowers in winter

1, do not directly use cold water to water flowers ice cold water is the most likely to hurt flower roots, fleshy root cycads, orchids and other most afraid of ice water. Due to low temperature in winter, water for watering flowers should be stored or dried with utensils, and must not be watered directly with tap water to prevent excessive temperature difference and damage to the root system. Because the temperature continues to decline in winter, the metabolism of flowers is slow, or enter a dormant state, general potted flowers should be strictly controlled watering. If the pot soil is not too dry, do not water, especially shade-resistant flowers, but also to avoid excessive watering caused by rotten roots and leaves. 2. Avoid excessive watering, the amount of water evaporation is small in winter, and the growth of flowers and plants is stagnant under the condition of low temperature, especially the decrease of root activity and too much water, which makes the root system not breathing smoothly, which can easily cause root disease and even rot root death. Flowers such as crab claw orchid, gentleman orchid, camellia, cyclamen and other flowers in full bloom in winter can be watered appropriately, and the amount of water should be less and frequently. 3. Avoid fertilizing water to grow flowers in winter, generally do not need to irrigate flowers in full bloom a little thin fertilizer water on the line, frequently apply thin watering is safe, watering heavy falling buds Xiehua. Second, there are "five suitability" for watering flowers in winter. 1. Watering flowers with warm water or cold boiled water is cold in winter, so it is appropriate to water flowers with warm water. The cold water from the outside should be poured into the flowerpot with a slightly warm touch (about 35 ℃, not overheated), or put the cold water indoors until it is close to the room temperature. In winter, if you water flowers and trees with cold boiled water, you can make them blossom and blossom early. In general, the time to water flowers and trees in winter should be the most appropriate around noon. 2. Spray washing the leaf surface for some evergreen flowers that like shade and humidity, such as asparagus, tortoise back bamboo, spring feather, camellia, evergreen, etc., should often be sprayed with water close to room temperature to clean and remove dust to facilitate photosynthesis. 3. Residual tea is used to water flowers, which can not only maintain soil moisture of domestic potted flowers, but also add nitrogen and other nutrients to flowers and trees. However, it should be irrigated regularly according to the humidity of the flowerpot, not along with the pouring of residual tea. 4. Amoy rice water watering flowers often use Amoy rice water to water Milan and other flowers, which can make their branches and leaves luxuriant and flowers particularly bright. But it is not good to water the flowers directly with rice washing water. In the long run, it will cause soil hardening of potted flowers, hinder the respiration of plant roots, and overwatering will burn the roots of plants. Therefore, if you want to use Amoy rice water to water the flowers, you must go through ripening and fermentation. Amoy rice water is weakly acidic after fermentation, which can neutralize the partial alkali property of tap water. The retting rice water contains not only rich elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also a lot of trace elements such as iron, magnesium, copper, zinc and molybdenum. Using it to water flowers and trees that like acid soil (such as Milan, rhododendron, jasmine, camellia, sweet-scented osmanthus, etc.) can not only promote plant growth, luxuriant branches and leaves, but also prolong flowering period and prevent yellowing. At the same time, because the rice bran water contains more phosphorus (the main component of rice bran is phosphate fertilizer), it can promote the formation of flower buds, promote flower bud differentiation, and make flowers and trees colorful leaves and green fruits. 5. After the milk has gone bad, water is added to water the flowers, which is beneficial to the growth of the flowers. But it is better to add more water to dilute it. Unfermented milk avoid watering flowers, because it produces a lot of heat during fermentation, it will rot the root. Flower growth conditions: five aspects, every aspect is very important

The growth conditions of flowers include temperature, light, fertilization, watering and soil.

Temperature (conditions for the growth of flowers)

Temperature (flower growth conditions) each kind of flower has its own most suitable growth temperature, the highest temperature for growth and development and the lowest temperature for growth and development. beyond this temperature range, light flowers will be hurt, while serious ones will lead to death.

According to the adaptability of flowers to temperature, flowers are generally divided into the following three categories.

1. Hardy flowers: Hardy flowers refer to flowers originating in temperate and cold zones, which can generally withstand temperatures below 0 ℃, some of which can withstand low temperatures ranging from-10 ℃ to-5 ℃, such as spring, plum blossoms, day lilies, etc., this kind of flowers can be cultivated in open fields in North China and southern Northeast China.

2. Semi-hardy flowers: most of this kind of flowers are native to warm temperate zones, and their cold tolerance is between cold-resistant flowers and non-cold-resistant flowers. If cultivated in the north of China, winter can only be overwintered against cold, while in the Yangtze River basin, it can be safely overwintered in the open field, such as chrysanthemum, evergreen, pomegranate and so on.

3. Hardy flowers: hardy flowers are native to the tropics and subtropics and can not stand temperatures below 0 ℃, and some of them can not even stand temperatures of about 5 ℃. This kind of flowers need to go to the greenhouse for the winter, such as green pineapple, sunflower, Brazilian wood, Cymbidium, Phalaenopsis, poinsettia and so on.

Second, light (conditions for the growth of flowers)

Light (conditions for flower growth) Light is the energy used by flowers to produce nutrients and plays an important role in the growth of flowers. Different kinds of flowers come from different geographical latitudes and elevations, so the requirements for light intensity are very different. According to the different requirements of flowers for light intensity, flowers can be divided into the following three categories.

1. Negative flowers: negative flowers refer to flowers that are suitable for growing under the condition of insufficient light or scattered light, such as ferns, Araceae flowers and so on.

2. Neutral flowers: neutral flowers are those that grow best under sufficient light, but do not weaken when they are slightly shaded, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, jasmine, white orchid, eight immortals and so on.

3. Positive flowers: positive flowers can only grow and blossom under sufficient light, and grow healthily under strong light. Most ornamental flowers, fruit flowers and aquatic flowers are positive flowers.

Fertilization (conditions for the growth of flowers)

Fertilization (flower growth conditions) the main nutrient elements needed for normal growth and development of flowers are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, wok, iron and so on. Hydrogen and oxygen can be absorbed from water, carbon from air, and other elements from soil or cultivation substrate. In addition to the above-mentioned main elements, trace amounts of boron, manganese, zinc and copper are also needed to meet the needs of flower growers. Nitrogen can promote the growth of flowers and make the flowers large and the seeds full. For foliage flowers, the demand for nitrogen is high throughout the life cycle, and sufficient nitrogen can keep the leaves green and hypertrophic. For ornamental flowers, the supply of nitrogen should be controlled at the reproductive stage.

Flowers need appropriate amount of phosphorus in seedling stage, and more phosphorus is needed after flowering. Phosphorus can promote seed germination, blossom and fruiting by bill of lading. At the same time, it can also make the stems of flowers more tough, develop their roots, and enhance the resistance of flowers to diseases and insect pests and adverse environment.

Potassium can make flowers strong, strengthen the toughness of stems, and enhance photosynthesis. Especially when there is not enough sunshine in winter, applying potash fertilizer can enhance photosynthesis, promote the growth of moving lines, make flowers bright, and improve the ability of flowers to disturb cold and resist diseases and insect pests.

In the actual process of flower cultivation, one or more of these elements can be purchased as the main fertilizer. Novice flower growers can buy special flower fertilizer in the flower market, which is convenient and hygienic.

Fourth, watering (flower growth conditions)

Watering (flower growth condition) water is an essential and important condition for plant growth. Flowers must store appropriate air humidity and soil moisture in order to grow normally. According to the different water demand of flowers, flowers can be divided into the following five categories.

1. Aquatic flowers: such as lotus, water lilies, water lilies, etc., this kind of flowers need to live in water.

2. Wet flowers: such as ornamental ferns, tortoise-backed bamboos, calla lilies, Saxifraga, sea taros, etc., this kind of flowers are weak in drought tolerance and require higher soil temperature and air humidity, so watering should grasp the principle of preferring wet to dry.

3. Mesophytic flowers: such as rose, Fusang, pomegranate, brown bamboo, five-needle pine, ornamental bamboo, begonia, etc., most of the flowers belong to this type. The water demand of this kind of flowers is also inconsistent, some are neutral to drought, some are neutral and resistant to moisture. Therefore, the principle of seeing dry and wet should be grasped in water management.

4. Semi-drought-tolerant flowers: such as camellia, rhododendron, preserved plum, geranium, etc., the leaves of these flowers are leathery or waxy, or there are a large number of hairs on the leaves, or the branches and leaves are needle-like or flaky. The principle of dry and thorough irrigation should be grasped in the water supply, that is, the basin soil should be watered thoroughly until the surface layer of the basin soil is all dry.

Such as cactus, tiger tail orchid, tequila, stone lotus, pearl cactus, aloe, 12 rolls and other cactus and succulent flowers, this kind of flowers have strong drought resistance and can endure long-term air and soil dryness and continue to live. Some of their leaves degenerate into spines, while others have hypertrophic stems and leaves that can store a lot of water. Watering should grasp the principle that it would rather be dry than wet.

Soil (conditions for the growth of flowers)

Soil (conditions for flower growth) soil is the matrix of flower growth, which is very important for flower growth. Beginners can go to the flower market to buy sterilized bagged culture soil for direct use. The flower market also provides a variety of soil for preparation and cultivation substrate, which is very convenient.

The common uses of cultivated flowers are as follows:

Sandy soil: contains less clay, good drainage. It is long used for sowing and cutting. it is also used to prepare culture soil.

Garden soil: rich in humus, easy to consolidate, poor ventilation and permeability, can not be used alone.

Saprophytic soil: rich in humus, good ventilation, unobstructed water permeability, good fertility, can be used to improve soil properties.

Peat soil: black or dark brown, good water permeability and water retention, containing humus, often used as an auxiliary material for culture soil.

Clay particles: White or light brown, good drainage permeability, often laid in the basin bottom to do drainage layer.

Perlite: used as an additive, it can make the soil loose, breathable and conserve water.

Vermiculite: light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, water retention, contains a lot of trace elements, generally as accessories.

Sawdust: loose and breathable, strong water retention and fertilizer retention, but also can decompose organic acids and improve alkaline soil.