What about the yellowing of chrysanthemum leaves, control watering and pay attention to fertilization / discovery of diseases and insect pests

As one of the top ten famous flowers in China, chrysanthemums are potted at home by many flower friends because of their beautiful shape and bright colors. However, in the process of raising chrysanthemums, many novices will encounter the yellowing of chrysanthemum leaves, thus greatly reducing the ornamental value of chrysanthemums. What should we do at this time? In this regard, the editor summed up the reasons for the yellowing of six kinds of chrysanthemum leaves, flower friends with problems come in and have a look!

First, what if the chrysanthemum leaves turn yellow? find the reason.

In life, there are many people who raise chrysanthemums, but they are basically novice, so they do not raise chrysanthemums in accordance with the method of raising chrysanthemums, resulting in the emergence of leaf yellow and other phenomena. As for what to do about the yellowing of chrysanthemum leaves, the editor summed up six points and attached a solution. Let's move on.

2. Causes and solutions of yellowing of chrysanthemum leaves.

1. Environmental mutation

In fact, there are many reasons for the yellowing of chrysanthemum leaves, but we should first consider environmental factors. The reason for this situation is that many flower friends' chrysanthemums are bought online, which will lead to a large geographical span, the environment becomes too big after buying it, and the chrysanthemum does not adapt for a while, there will be leaf yellow symptoms.

Solution: at this time, you can communicate with the store to understand the growth environment before the chrysanthemum is bought, but we create the same environment at home, and then slowly change until the plant fully adapts to the current environment, and after a period of time, the chrysanthemum will return to health.

2. Soil alkalinity.

In the cultivation method of chrysanthemum, we have said that chrysanthemum likes loose, fertile, permeable and slightly acidic soil. If we cultivate chrysanthemums in alkaline soil for a long time, the leaves of chrysanthemums will turn yellow. In addition, if mineral water is poured for a long time, it will also lead to alkali in the soil, resulting in the occurrence of leaf yellow.

Solution: if it is caused by alkaline soil, quickly change the basin soil and replace it with loose and fertile slightly acidic soil, which can be restored after careful maintenance for a period of time; if it is caused by watering, you can often water fermented rice washing water or Rain Water. After a period of time, the soil will return to slightly acidic, and the leaves of the plant will glow again.

3. Overwatering (water yellow)

Chrysanthemums like a moist environment, but once too much watering leads to stagnant water in the basin soil and poor air permeability of the soil, part of the fibrous roots of chrysanthemums will rot, showing symptoms that the young leaves of chrysanthemums are dark yellow and dull, and the new shoots are shrunk.

Solution: the principle of watering chrysanthemum is that the pot soil is dry, not dry and thoroughly. If too much watering causes the chrysanthemum leaves to turn yellow, everyone should stop watering and move the flowerpot to the ventilated sun to let the water evaporate quickly; or simply, change the pot soil directly, and after a period of time, the plant will return to health.

4. Long-term water shortage (dry and yellow)

In addition to too much watering, long-term lack or too little watering may also lead to the yellowing of chrysanthemum leaves. The symptoms are as follows: although the new leaves have normal leaf color, the lower leaves gradually dry yellow and fall off and age.

Solution: at this point, we just need to increase the frequency of watering. However, it should be noted that the amount of water irrigated each time should not be too much, so as not to accumulate water, thus harming the root of the chrysanthemum.

5. Excessive fertilization (fat yellow)

After watering, let's talk about fertilization, which is also one of the reasons for the yellowing of chrysanthemum leaves. It is understood that chrysanthemums like fertilizer, proper fertilization can make it grow better. Then, once too much fertilizer is applied, it will cause root burning, which will reflect the yellowing of leaves.

Solution: stop fertilizing, and water dilution, serious change of soil, so that the chrysanthemum fresh again. In peacetime, we should grasp the principle of applying more thin fertilizer when fertilizing, so as to avoid the appearance of fat yellow.

6. Leaf blight disease

Indoor culture is not compared to outdoor, in the growth process of chrysanthemum, will inevitably be disturbed by diseases and insect pests, such as infected with leaf blight, which is also one of the reasons for the yellowing of chrysanthemum leaves.

Solution: spray 500 times wettable ammonium or zinc every 15 days. In addition, there are other diseases and insect pests that can also harm the leaves of chrysanthemum. At this time, we need to determine the type of disease, and then solve the problem with spraying. As for what kind of medicine should be sprayed, there is a detailed introduction in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of chrysanthemum.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

Flower appreciation, flower cultivation has become a fashion, family flower cultivation is generally based on potted flowers. If you want to raise flowers well, you must master the knowledge of conservation and management, especially the three key technologies of watering, fertilization and pest control. Today, Brother Earth has sorted out a complete strategy for raising flowers for everyone. Flower friends remember to collect them well!

1. Selection of watering quality

Family flower watering often uses tap water, but tap water contains disinfectant bleaching powder, in which chloride ion is easy to hurt the young root hairs of potted flowers, which must be stored for 1 to 2 days. After chlorine volatilization, the water temperature is close to the soil temperature before it can be used to water flowers. Due to the natural arrangement of water molecules, magnetized water has been disturbed by the magnetic field, which is similar to the water molecules in plant cells, and is easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants, so it is best for potted flowers to pour magnetized water.

Water quantity

The principle of watering is "pour thoroughly, pour thoroughly without leakage", that is, each time until the water seeps from the plate under the basin. In addition, it should be determined according to the size, depth and texture of the flowerpot. Small basin shallow, watering should be less frequently; mud basin seepage is good, basin soil is easy to dry, should be watered frequently; stone basin, glaze basin is not easy to seep, long-term stagnant water, flowers will rot.

Different flowers and trees have different watering periods. One is the wet rather than dry type, which means that when the basin soil is completely dry, the flowers and trees will be damaged and withered, and this kind of flowers and trees should be fully watered when the basin soil is slightly dry, such as iron line fern, Phoenix tail fern, etc.; the second is the dry rather than wet type, which refers to the flowers and trees that are watered after the basin soil is dry, such as cactus, aloe, etc.; the third is the wet type, which refers to the flowers and trees that are immediately watered by 3cm on the surface of the basin soil, such as turtle back bamboo, green apple and so on.

Watering varies from season to season. When the spring is cold and warm and the weather is changeable, the potted flowers begin to sprout and take root, requiring a large amount of water, so as to keep the basin soil moist; dry in summer, evaporate quickly, and double watering; water should be watered less in autumn to avoid excessive growth of flowers and branches, affecting the blooming of the second year; in winter, most flowers and trees are dormant and keep the pot soil slightly dry.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

Watering time

The time of watering flowers varies every day in spring, summer, autumn and winter. As the flower proverb goes, "morning water is nectar, fire water is arsenic, and evening water is life-saving soup." That is to say, in the spring and autumn season, about 10:00 in the morning and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon is the appropriate time to water flowers, but do not water flowers at noon in summer. The temperature is the highest at noon in midsummer, and the difference between basin soil and water temperature is the greatest. At this time, watering flowers can easily hinder the normal physiological activities of the root system, weaken the water absorption of the root system, produce physiological drought, and wilt the branches and leaves. By the same token, flowers should be watered at noon in winter. In short, "Spring watering noon, summer watering morning and evening, autumn watering the next day, winter watching frequently."

Watering method

Potted flowers must be chiseled loose before watering, so that the irrigated water can be absorbed in time so that it will not emerge from the edge of the basin. It is best to pour water evenly with a fine-hole spray can. The watering of small pots of flowers had better take the method of basin soaking, that is, put the flowerpots into the larger water basin, make the water seep into the basin soil from the drainage hole, and move out after the surface of the basin soil is slightly wet, which can prevent the pot soil from hardening due to watering, which is beneficial to the root respiration of potted flowers. General negative foliage potted flowers in the special environment of the dry room, coupled with the cover of dust, it is often difficult to show bright colors. In addition to regular irrigation, we should also adopt the foliar spraying method of sprinkling water to wash dust and spray to moisten the leaves. This method can also cool down the summer potted flowers at high temperature at noon, and continue to bloom well for half-summer dormancy flowers.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

2. Fertilization

Fertilizer type

Organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer formed by the processing and ripening of seeds, organs, residues or excreta of all kinds of plants and animals, such as human feces and urine, livestock and poultry dung, cake, dregs, weeds and green manure. Organic fertilizer is a late-acting fertilizer with complete nutrients and long fertilizer effect. It must be fermented and ripened before use.

Inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers are fertilizers made from chemical synthesis or natural ore processing, such as urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on. The fertilizer effect of inorganic fertilizer is fast, but the nutrient is simple, and the fertilizer effect is not long. Fertilizer is single, but if it is used alone for a long time, it will harden the basin soil and it is better to use it in conjunction with organic fertilizer.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

adequate manuring

The principle of fertilization is timely and appropriate amount. Timely refers to flowers when needed to apply, if found that the color of flower leaves become light, or when the plant growth is weak, it is timely to apply fertilizer. Appropriate amount should be achieved at all times. Excessive fertilization will affect the growth and development of flowers. Too much nitrogen fertilizer, plants easy to grow, stems and leaves weak, affecting flowering and fruiting, and vulnerable to diseases and insect pests; too much phosphate fertilizer, will hinder the growth of flowers, affect flowering and fruiting; too much potash fertilizer, low plants, wrinkled brown leaves, and even wilt.

Fertilization should be changed according to the growing period of flowers and seedlings. When growing rapidly in the seedling stage, more nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied to make the stems and branches stout and the root system developed; before flowering and budding, more phosphate fertilizer should be applied to promote large flowers, beautiful color and full buds; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate after color penetration and thanks can prevent falling flowers and buds; during flowering and early fruit setting, it is necessary to control fertilizer and water, otherwise it is easy to drop flowers and fruits.

The concentration of fertilizer should be changed according to the change of season. The winter temperature is low, the plant growth is slow, most flowers grow in dormant or semi-dormant state, generally do not apply fertilizer. The spring and autumn season is the peak growing season, so more topdressing should be appropriate. High temperature in summer, rapid evaporation of water, exuberant growth of flowers, adhere to the principle of frequent application of thin fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer must be fully ripened. The concentration of chemical fertilizer should not be too high to prevent flowers from "burning".

The fertilization time is different in different seasons. Fertilization should be applied in the evening in summer and around noon in winter. General fertilization can be applied before dry or rainy weather in sunny days, but not after rain and continuous rainy days; when the climate is warm and hot, it is not applied when the climate is hot or cold; when the climate is hot or cold, it is semi-dormant or dormant; when the basin soil is dry, it is not applied when it is wet; the old basin soil is applied more, but the new basin soil is applied less; the base fertilizer is applied less, and there is no base fertilizer or not enough.

Fertilize according to the characteristics of flowers. Flowers dominated by foliage, such as pine, bamboo, orchid, etc., are mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which can promote the growth of branches and leaves and have a thick green color. Flowers that mainly watch flowers and enjoy fruits need more fertilizers. When growing branches and leaves, fertilizers based on nitrogen fertilizer are applied once or twice, and in the stages of flower bud differentiation, flower bud formation and growth before flowering, fertilizers based on phosphate fertilizer should be applied to make the flowers multiply and fruit luxuriantly. Generally speaking, for newly transplanted flowers with disease, do not apply fertilizer for the time being; it is best not to apply fertilizer to flowers in the flowering period, so as not to wither and fall the buds and flowers.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

Fertilization method

Base fertilizer. The application of base fertilizer generally adopts two methods: one is to cultivate flowers after uniformly mixing the fertilizer with the cultivated soil (about 1:9) according to a certain proportion, which can not only improve the physical properties of the soil, but also supply the nutritional needs of the whole period of flower growth. The second is to put a little fertilizer on the pot, change the basin or turn the basin into the bottom of the basin, generally not more than the basin soil 1 big 10, and above to cover a layer of soil, and then plant flowers.

Top dressing. Topdressing generally uses two methods: one is soil application, that is, fertilizer is applied directly into the soil. Topdressing liquid fertilizer should first be diluted and sprayed into the basin soil, while topdressing solid fertilizer can be evenly sprinkled on the surface of the basin soil, and then covered with a layer of soil. Pay attention to watering after fertilization to facilitate absorption. Second, foliar spraying, also known as extra-root topdressing, has the advantages of saving fertilizer and quick effect. It is usually used in the peak period of flower growth or when there is a lack of certain elements. Generally, inorganic fertilizers with a concentration of 0.1% to 0.5% are sprayed in the morning or evening when there is no wind, so as to make the leaves moist, the most commonly used are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and so on.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

3. Control of common diseases and insect pests

Disease

① powdery mildew. Diagnosis of powdery mildew: yellow transparent spots appeared on the leaf surface, and then gradually spread to the whole leaf. Powdery mildew spots appeared and the disease spots turned gray in the later stage. It mainly harms many kinds of flowers such as rose, rose, dahlia, chrysanthemum, peony, melon and leaf chrysanthemum, impatiens, wood and so on.

② anthrax. Diagnosis of anthracnose: yellow-brown sunken spots appeared on the leaves, and spread outward into dark brown patches, or irregular patches on the leaves, and the leaf tips dried up and spread downward continuously. In the later stage, there are black dots on the disease spot, which are often arranged in a round pattern, and the leaves die when the disease is serious. It mainly harms orchids, rubber trees, roses, cacti, peonies, jasmine, carnation, anemone and other flowers.

③ black spot. Diagnosis of black spot: nearly round or irregular black spots appeared on the damaged leaves, which gradually enlarged, and in severe cases, the leaves turned yellow, fell off, and even led to plant death. It mainly harms rose, rhododendron, camellia, cherry, elm leaf plum and other flowers.

A complete set of family flower cultivation techniques, hand-in-hand to teach you "watering, fertilization, pest control"

Prevention and control methods:

① agricultural control. Strengthen cultivation management, properly increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, enhance plant disease resistance, and should remove disease and fallen leaves as soon as possible, and incineration, clean the environment, reduce transmission media; pay attention to ventilation and light transmission.

② chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, spray 1ve1ve100 Bordeaux solution to prevent the occurrence and development of the disease; spray antimicrobial agents 50% carbendazim, 50% carbendazim, 65% zinc, 75% chlorothalonil, 50% topiramate 500 times, 50% benzoate 1000 times.

Insect pest

① aphids. Aphids, also known as greasy insects, can occur all the year round, mainly to harm three-leaf plum, chrysanthemum, pomegranate and so on. The leaves of the injured plants were curled and the branches and leaves turned yellow, resulting in a large number of leaves and flowers falling off, and in serious cases, the plants died quickly.

Control method: soak red pepper 50g, water 30g 50g for 24 hours, spray the damaged plant with its filtrate, the control effect is very good, or spray 40% dimethoate EC 2000g 3000 times, 50% aphid pine, 1000 times 1500 times EC or 80% dichlorvos EC 3000 times.

② red spider. Red spiders, also known as fire dragon bugs, occur for many generations a year. It mainly harms the leaves and petals of wild elm, sparrow plum, five-needle pine and so on. The body of a red spider is the size of a needle, crimson or purple, and only red dots can be seen with the naked eye. The leaves of the injured plants turned green and the leaf edges rolled upward, resulting in scorching and shedding, causing the buds to atrophy in the early stage and die in severe cases.

Control method: soak citrus peel with 50g 0.5kg with water for 24 hours, spray the plant after filtration, or spray 1500 times of dicofol or 2000 times of omethoate for control. When spraying, the leaf surface and back should be sprayed together for better effect.

Control of soil diseases and insect pests and fertilization methods in chrysanthemum planting

  chrysanthemum likes warm climate and sunny environment with a suitable temperature of 20-25 ℃. Chrysanthemum is resistant to cold and waterlogging, but there is no lack of water at seedling and flowering stage. Chrysanthemum is very sensitive to the length of sunlight. Chrysanthemum is planted all over the country, and the planting method is more mature, but in the existing planting methods, it is considered that planting chrysanthemum is not strict on soil. The soil will not be treated in any way, so that because the soil itself will carry diseases, it will easily cause some common diseases in planted chrysanthemums, such as root rot, downy mildew, brown spot, and so on. When diseases and insect pests appear, they are also treated by conventional spraying pesticides to cause pollution to the environment, and break the soil structure, which does not meet the food safety and health standards. Today, Cherry Sister shares with you some soil pest control and fertilization methods for chrysanthemum planting. The details are as follows:   

1. Soil disease and insect control treatment of chrysanthemum planting: in the first ten days of December every year, the soil is turned over and ridges are opened, and lime 150kg per mu is applied evenly. In the middle of February next year, stone-sulfur mixture is sprayed evenly, and it is sprayed evenly according to the ratio of 0.5kg-stone-sulfur mixture to water 100kg, which plays the role of disease prevention and insect control.   

2. Chrysanthemum planting and seedling selection: cuttage culture after breeding, from February to March every year;   

3. Soil preparation for chrysanthemum planting: ridging, ridge height is 30 inches, width is 50 inches, planting density is 50 × 40cm, the bottom is put protein organic fertilizer, a little phosphate fertilizer, the soil should be loose, the planting time is April every year;   

4. Watering chrysanthemums: after planting, the roots are watered, and the amount is determined according to the situation. in summer, the water demand of chrysanthemums increases during the peak growing season. generally, it is watered once a day, high temperature and sunny weather, and once every morning and evening; if there is a lack of water, the leaves will yellowing or even fall off; in case of heavy rain or showers, check whether the drainage facilities are unobstructed to prevent rotting roots.

5. Fertilization method for chrysanthemum: one month after planting, fertilizers should be applied frequently and thinly, mainly nitrogen fertilizer for the first time, cake fertilizer, human feces and urine or full-effect protein fertilizer for the second time, and full-effect protein fertilizer, 5-6 times a year, at the same time, foliar spraying, foliar spraying using protein and humic acid, spraying according to the ratio of protein 13ml, humic acid 28ml, water 22kg. Root fertilizer is a combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and organic fertilizer accounts for 80-85% of the total fertilizer application in the whole year;   

6. Methods of disease and insect control of chrysanthemum: spraying leaves with protease 13ml, humic acid 28ml and hydrated 22kg to increase foliar photosynthesis and insect control effect, while installing yellow paperboard, installing 3 pieces of yellow paper per mu, each piece of 50 × 80cm, and putting 1-year-old chicks (that is, chickens within 2 months) into the field to eat insects to achieve insect control.  

7. Chrysanthemum harvest: it is generally harvested from Frosts Descent to the Beginning of Winter, with 2 / 3 of the flower heart scattered as the suitable harvest time; chrysanthemum harvest should be processed in time to prevent decay and discoloration after sunny harvest.   

These are the soil pest control and fertilization methods for chrysanthemum planting shared by cherry sister today. I hope it can be helpful to friends in need. I want to know more about planting skills and Huiguan Agricultural School!