How to raise onion orchids, the culture methods and precautions / light should be sufficient.

Green onion orchid, a kind of highly ornamental plant, is born with a kind of elegant temperament, so it is also loved by many people. In fact, green onion orchid is cultivated in many parts of our country. About how to raise onion orchid, what are the breeding methods and precautions of onion orchid? Next, the editor will take you to learn about it.

First, how to raise green onion orchids

If you want to know how to raise onion orchid, we must first understand its growth habits. Onion orchid is a kind of light-loving plant, so we must keep enough light in the process of breeding. Of course, the point to pay attention to can be not only light, in the following green onion culture methods and matters needing attention are explained in detail, we can understand.

2. Culture methods and matters needing attention of onion orchids

1. Soil selection

In the cultivation of onion orchid, the choice of soil is the first step, but also a very important step, it is generally best to choose a relatively loose humus soil, this kind of soil drainage is very good, is conducive to onion orchid absorption nutrients, we should pay attention to this.

two。 Fertilization requirements

Among the breeding methods and matters needing attention of onion orchid, fertilization is an indispensable step. Fertilizer, as one of the main nutrients of onion orchid, basically needs to be fertilized once a month. We can choose liquid fertilizer in the choice of fertilizer. When applying fertilizer, we should pay attention to dilute it with water, otherwise it is easy to burn the plant.

3. Watering requirement

Watering is an indispensable link in the process of plant breeding, and onion orchid is no exception, but watering onion orchid should not be too frequent, otherwise it is easy to cause stagnant water and cause root rot, just keep the soil at a certain humidity, and the specific frequency depends on the climate.

4. Lighting requirement

In the culture process of onion orchid, when the spring and autumn climate is more suitable, you can choose to receive light all day, and when the summer sunshine is too strong, it is best to move to the indoor semi-shade place for culture, so that it can receive light and not be sunburned, so that in the onion orchid culture methods and matters needing attention, lighting is a point that needs to be paid attention to.

5. Pest control

If the method is wrong when cultivating onion orchid, some negative situations such as diseases and insect pests are very likely to occur. At this time, we need to find the reason to deal with it in time. You can refer to the article on pest control of onion orchid, which is described in detail.

The culture methods and matters needing attention of Chinese chive orchid teach you how to cultivate Chinese chive orchid

Leek orchid leaves linear, very similar to leek, so it is called leek orchid, clump of flowers, brilliant in the sun, loved by everyone, then do you know the breeding methods and matters needing attention? Let's take a look at the details.

Brief introduction of Jiulan:

Leek orchid, alias: leek lotus, wind and rain flower; Latin name: Zephyranthes grandiflora, is a perennial herb of the genus Allium of Lycoris family.

Bulb ovoid, 2-3 cm in diam. Basal leaves often fascicled, linear, flattened, about 15-30 cm tall, clustered. The leaves are linear, very similar to leeks. The flower stem is drawn from the foliage, and most of the petals are 6, sometimes 8. Leek orchid is large in shape, pink, petals slightly curved; small leek orchid is thick peach red, adult each bulb can blossom, clump of flowers, brilliant in the sun, charming, loved by everyone. The flowering period of leek orchid is from April to September, and the florescence of leek orchid is about May to August in summer. Suitable for garden flower bed edge planting or pot planting.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of leek orchid:

How to raise:

Leek orchid can be planted by split plant or bulb, which can be carried out all the year round, but it is the best in spring. As long as the root of the ball is dug up, 3 or 5 balls are planted in each place and watered to maintain proper humidity, it is very easy to survive. When digging up the bulbs, be careful not to hurt them. If there are too many leaves and flower stems, cut off the upper part and keep the complete bulb and 6-8 cm leaves for planting. If the bulb has germinated buds and fully watered after branching, it can still blossom.

Matters needing attention in the culture of leek orchid:

1. Soil: the soil quality of Chinese chive orchid cultivation is fertile sandy loam, 3-4 bulbs are planted in each hole, and the planting depth is that the top of the bulb is slightly exposed to the soil. When the plants are clustered and crowded, the ramets must be forced.

2. Fertilization: when potted, combined with changing pots, changing soil and applying base fertilizer every year, organic fertilizers such as oil meal, compost or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be used once every 2 to 3 months, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in proportion, which can promote bulb hypertrophy and bloom well.

3. Watering: onion orchids should be watered adequately during the growth period, and it is appropriate to keep the basin soil moist, but not stagnant water. When the weather is dry, water is often sprayed on the leaves to increase air humidity, otherwise the leaf tips are easy to yellow and wither.

4. Temperature: the most suitable growth temperature of leek orchid is 22-30 degrees. After planting, pay attention to irrigation to maintain humidity. When the ambient temperature is below 10 ℃, it can not safely survive the winter when the frost occurs.

5. Light: green onion orchid likes light, but it is also resistant to semi-shade, the cultivation site should have sufficient sunshine, it is not easy to divide the bulbs in the shade, and it is not easy to blossom.

Morphological characteristics of leek orchid:

Perennial herbs. Bulb ovoid, 2-3 cm in diam. Basal leaves often fascicled, linear, flattened, 15-30 cm long and 6-8 mm wide. Flowers solitary at the top of the flower stem, with a flamboyant involucre, involucral bracts often purplish red, 4-5 cm long, proximally connate into a tube; pedicel 2-3 cm long; flowers rosy or pink; perianth tube 1-2.5 cm long, perianth lobes 6, lobes Obovate, tip slightly acute, 3-6 cm long; stamens 6, ca. 2 bank 3-4 pedicel 5 as long as perianth, anthers T-shaped. Ovary inferior, 3-loculed, ovules numerous, style slender, stigma deeply 3-lobed. Capsule subglobose; seeds black. Flowering, summer and autumn. [3]

The height of leek orchid is about 15-30 cm, and the plants are clustered. The leaves are linear, very similar to leeks. The flower stem is drawn from the foliage, and most of the petals are 6, sometimes 8. Leek orchid is large, pink, petals slightly bent, showing a thick peach red, adult plant each bulb can blossom, clump of flowers, brilliant in the sun, charming, everyone loves. The flowering period of leek orchid is from April to September, and the florescence of leek orchid is about May to August in summer. Suitable for garden flower bed edge planting or pot planting. The difference with the common leek orchid: the flower is smaller, the color is darker and more colorful, the petal is stiff, not easy to droop, and the flower pattern can be maintained very well. Leek orchid varieties also vary due to soil changes, such as in the greenhouse in northern China, the leaves are relatively broad and thick, and planted in California, the leaves are narrower and the fragrance is heavier.

The growth habits of leek orchid:

It is strong in nature, resistant to drought and high temperature, easy to cultivate, the suitable temperature for growth is 22-30 degrees Celsius, and the fertile sandy loam is the best cultivated soil. Onion orchids like light, but they can also withstand half-shade. Like a warm environment, but also more hardy. Loam or sandy loam with deep, flat terrain and good drainage. Like to be wet, afraid of flooding. Strong adaptability, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, corm germination is also strong, easy to reproduce.

The Culture methods and points for attention of Iron Chopsticks

Latin name Helleborus thibetanus Franch.

Also known as black hair seven, nine hundred sticks, Jiulong Dan, Heierbo, Jianchunhua, nine clouds, nine lotus lanterns

Binomial Helleborus thibetanus

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm

Dicotyledonous class

Subclass primitive perianth subclass

Ranunculus

Ranunculaceae

Subfamily Trollius

Clan iron chopsticks

Belong to the genus Chopsticks

Grow iron chopsticks

Distributed in northwestern Sichuan, southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi and northwestern Hubei.

Iron chopsticks (Helleborus thibetanus Franch.), alias Jiuniuqi, double bell grass, small mountain peach seven, small peach seven, mandarin duck seven, ice cold flower, root grass. Perennial evergreen herbs, rhizome ca. 4 mm in diam., densely fleshy long fibrous roots. Stem 30-50 cm tall, glabrous, upper part branched, base with 2-3 sheathlike leaves. More hardy, like semi-shade environment, avoid dry and cold, it mainly grows in Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi and other places, many places have introduction and cultivation. It can be used as medicine; the flowering period is the following spring of the Winter Solstice, which has a certain ornamental value in the garden.

1. Morphological characteristics.

Perennial evergreen herbs, rhizome ca. 4 mm in diam., densely fleshy long fibrous roots. Stem 30-50 cm tall, glabrous, upper part branched, base with 2-3 sheathlike leaves. Basal leaves 1 (- 2), glabrous, long stipitate; leaf blade reniform or pentagonal, 7.5-16 cm long and 14-24 cm wide, chicken-foot triplicate, middle lobe oblanceolate, 1.6-4.5 cm wide, margin densely serrate above lower part, lateral lobes shortly stipitate, flabellate, unequally trifid; petiole 20-24 cm long. Cauline leaves subsessile, leaf blade smaller than basal leaves, central lobe narrowly elliptic, lateral lobes unequally 2-or 3-parted. Flowers 1-2 stem or branch tip, open when basal leaves are just drawn, glabrous; sepals initially pink, turning green in fruit, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, (1.1 -) 1.6-2.3 cm long and (0.5 -) 1-1.6 cm wide; petals 8-10, yellowish green, cylindric funnel-shaped, shortly stalked, 5-6 mm long, ventral slightly bifid Stamens long (4.5 -) 7-10 mm, anthers elliptic, ca. 1 mm, filaments narrowly linear; carpels 2-3, ca. 1 cm, style subequal to ovary. Follicles flat, 1.6-2.8 cm long, 0.9-1.2 cm wide, with transverse veins, beak ca. 6 mm; seeds elliptic, flat, 4-5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, smooth, with 1 longitudinal rib. It blossoms in April and bears fruit in May.

2. Growth habits

Iron chopsticks are cold-resistant, like semi-shady and humid environment, and avoid dry and cold. Wild distribution in Sandy woods or shrubs at an altitude of 1100m to 3700m. Most of them grow in sandy soil and brown soil with more gravel, the soil fertility is moderate and lower, grows well in fertile and deep soil, and can blossom early in full light. It is a geophyte and enters a dormant period after summer. 3. Distribution range

Wild distribution in northwest Sichuan, southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi and northwestern Hubei.

4. Cultivation techniques

The method of propagation of iron chopsticks can be propagated by sowing, plant division or tissue culture, often mainly by branch propagation.

Seed propagation

1. Seed collection and seed treatment

In the middle of May, when the seed coat of sunflower changed from green to yellow, the seeds were harvested in time and dried in the shade. The seeds of iron chopsticks have the characteristics of dormancy, which can be sown in summer immediately after seed collection, or they can be dried and hidden to sow in the following spring.

2. Seedling bed preparation and seed treatment

Choose a semi-overcast and humid environment for raising seedlings. The bed surface of the seedling ground was laid with 3-5cm decaying soil, raked evenly, and disinfected by spraying 0.5% potassium permanganate solution. The spring sowing seeds were soaked in 30-50 °C warm water for 2-3 days.

3. Sowing technology

The broadcast method is adopted. During strip sowing, open 3-5cm shallow trenches on the bed surface, row spacing 15-20cm, mix sand and sow evenly, cover rotten soil 1-2cm, and suppress the bed surface after sowing. Strip sowing or sowing, after sowing, cover the bed or use 50% shade net for shading treatment, often spray water to the bed, keeping the bed moist is conducive to seed emergence.

Ramet propagation

Ramet propagation can be carried out combined with seedling transplanting. In summer and autumn, according to the distribution of buds on the rhizome, cut the rhizome with 1-2 buds for planting and culture, and blossom normally the following year.

Management of maintenance and watering

Iron chopsticks like the moist environment, the leaves are large and soft, they should be watered more, and the soil should be kept moist during the growing season. With the temperature rising in spring and entering the vigorous growth period, the amount of water should be gradually increased, and watering in early spring should be carried out before noon. The summer temperature is high, the transpiration is strong, and the watering water should be sufficient, which should be carried out in the morning and evening. The soil should be kept dry from late autumn to winter, which is beneficial to the dormancy of underground buds. Special attention should be paid to drainage in the rainy season.

Topdressing

An adequate supply of fertilizer and water is the basis for its good growth. Topdressing three times a year, the first time after spring germination, to promote flower bud differentiation and make flowers colorful; the second time after anthesis to supplement nutrition to promote stem and leaf growth and seed development; the third time in September and October, in order to promote the growth and enrichment of underground rhizomes and buds, and lay the foundation for the growth and flowering of the coming year. It is not suitable for topdressing in early spring florescence, otherwise it will cause falling flowers and buds, and fertilization should be stopped in summer high temperature period. Each topdressing is dominated by phosphorus and potash fertilizer. 1500 times urea or ammonium sulfate solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied. If there is no seed, the residual flowers should be cut off after flowering to avoid fruiting and concentrate nutrition for the growth of the underground part.

Shade

Adequate light should be maintained in early spring, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting, and proper shading in summer. From the end of April to the end of August, the sun is strong, it should be shaded by 75%, and the leaves are often sprayed with water to maintain 70% to 80% of the air humidity. The cultivation experiment shows that if it is not shaded and moisturized after May, the stems and leaves will burn and dry up.

Intermediate ploughing and weeding

During the growth period, the weeds were ploughed and weeded in time according to the growth status of weeds and soil surface, usually 5-6 times in a growing season, after watering or rainfall, when the soil surface was slightly dry and suitable for ploughing.

5. Main value

Medicinal value and pharmacological action

1. Cardiotonic effect

The glycoside of Euphorbia angustifolia proposed in the early years has a typical cardiotonic effect of digitalis and has a strong irritation to the mucosa. in the heart of frog in vitro, calcium ion can enhance its toxicity, while potassium can weaken it. After that, the cardiotonic effect of scutellariin was 20 times higher than that of scutellariin. The minimum lethal dose of sophoroside to cats is 0.088 mg / kg (lilidin is 0.085 mg / kg), and its partially hydrolyzed preparation is 0.084 mg / kg, which is the most effective cardiac glycoside. The content of Glycyrrhizin is 0.98 mg / kg. In the preparation of guinea pig heart and lung, the cardiotonic effect of scutellariin was also higher than that of its aglycone, but the therapeutic index was lower. This glycoside has high accumulation and poor gastrointestinal absorption, its effect is faster than that of trichosanthin G, and its toxicity is close to digitalis glycoside. The effect of desaccharide root glycoside is faster than that of its mother, but its toxicity and accumulation are lower; for dogs with experimental myocardial insufficiency, it can restore the disorder of blood circulation and electrocardiogram, and its effect is more effective than that of Convolvuloside K and canadoside.

2. Anti-tumor effect

Heierbo can cause necrosis of transplanted tumor in mice, but it is highly toxic to animals. Ginsenoside and aglycone have inhibitory effect on human epithelial cancer KB cells in vitro, and the former is more effective.

3. Anti-tumor effect

The results showed that iron chopstick polysaccharide could increase the weight of thymus and spleen of tumor-bearing mice at a certain dose, and significantly increase the cytokines IL-1, TNF α and γ IFN in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, we think that iron chopstick polysaccharides may inhibit the growth of tumor cells by regulating immune cells and immune molecules in tumor-bearing mice. And the effective dose of iron chopsticks polysaccharides against tumor is 1.0g/kg.d.

4. Other functions

Sneeze root glycoside can contract the arteries and capillaries, but dilate the vein slightly and have little effect on the blood pressure of normal animals. When the blood pressure decreases due to bleeding, the pressor effect is more obvious, on iris epithelial cells and fibroblasts cultured in vitro. Low concentration accelerated its growth, high concentration inhibited it and made it denatured. Sophoroside can antagonize convulsion or electroshock caused by pentamethylenetetrazole. The water extract of Heierbogen has an exciting effect on the uterus of guinea pigs, and oral administration of parturients can also enhance uterine contraction.

Functional indications

Clearing heat and detoxification, promoting blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Treatment of cystitis, urethritis, boils, swelling, injury, strain injury.

① "Guizhou Folk prescription Collection": "calming, relieving cough, relieving asthma. Treat injuries caused by falls, backache and backache."

② "Guiyang Folk Herb": "to treat rheumatism and bone pain, qi stagnation and abdominal pain."

Usage and dosage

Internal service: fried soup, 5 to 10 grams; or soaked in wine. External use: tamping.

Matters needing attention

Avoid hot food and buckwheat noodles within two hours after taking medicine. ("Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine" appears below the natural taste)

Toxicity.

Excessive use of black waves can cause gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation, intense vomiting, severe diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, death, fresh roots used in toes can cause dermatitis, and even foaming.

Attached party

① treats injuries caused by falls: iron chopsticks, willow leaves and mountain dragons each for three dollars, and two dollars for one mouthful of blood. Soak half a jin of wine. Take medicine and alcohol at a time, twice a day. ("Guiyang Folk Herb")

② to relieve cough and backache: two iron chopsticks and one or two honey. Stir-fry the iron chopsticks, steam them with honey, and take them all at once. (Guizhou Folk prescription Collection)

③ treats rheumatism: iron chopsticks, heather vine and rabbit ear wind. Soak four taels of wine. Take one or two at a time. ("Guiyang Folk Herb")

④ treatment of air-conditioning abdominal pain: iron chopsticks, cinnabar lotus and other points. The end of the study. One to two dollars at a time, swallow the wine.

⑤ treatment of tuberculosis and cough: iron chopsticks with fine beard root or two, soak wine for half a jin. Take medicine and wine for five to one or two each time, and take it frequently.

⑥ treatment of asthma: iron chopsticks root five points. In the end, the wine is swallowed.

⑦ treats women's intra-abdominal blood bags: iron chopsticks for three dollars, red duckweed for one or two, mint for one, and safflower for two. Take it internally in fried water.

⑧ treats stomachache: iron chopsticks, DaMu Jiang Zi, Qingteng incense and Guangmu incense are two dollars each. The end of the study. Two dollars at a time, swallow it with boiling water.

⑨ to treat furuncle, furuncle and sore: iron chopsticks, andrographis paniculata, five dollars each, fried water suit, and smashed the dregs into the affected area. (Guizhou Herbal Medicine)

Garden ornamental iron chopsticks have low plant type, dark green leaves, unique flowers and leaves, which can be used as indoor potted plants, lawns and beautiful ground cover materials, as well as potted plants and matching plants.

Plant collocation is the use of plant materials combined with other materials in the garden, according to the growth law and site conditions of garden plants, using different composition methods to form different garden spaces to create all kinds of garden landscapes to meet people's ornamental requirements. In the way of collocation, there are isolated planting, opposite planting, cluster planting, group planting and so on.

The planting of iron chopsticks must reflect its own biological and ecological characteristics. As early spring flowering iron chopsticks prefer a shady and humid environment, they should be planted in shady perennial grass flower beds, or among deciduous shrubs and under deciduous trees, which can add some beautiful colors to the monotonous scenery of early spring. In addition to the early spring season, iron chopsticks are planted with daffodils, Lycoris, Huudi Xiao, onion orchids, irises and other places to form flowering landscapes in different seasons. at the same time, the special leaf shape of iron chopsticks is also in sharp contrast to other plants, giving people a refreshing feeling.

Scientific research value Iron Chopsticks is a single genus endemic to western China, which has important scientific research value for studying the relationship between western China flora and Eurasian flora, and has been listed as a third-class protected species in Gansu.

6. Identification method

Microscopic identification

Root cross section: more than 10 rows of cork cells, yellowish brown. The cortex is slightly wider, and the parenchyma cells are oval, quasi-round and tangentially arranged. The vascular bundle is tough, the phloem is narrow, the cambium is obvious, the xylem is well developed, the ducts are polygonal, single or in groups, the wood rays are obvious, there are 2-5 rows of cells, and the mural foramen can be seen. There are oil cells scattered in the cortex and phloem. This product contains starch granules in parenchyma cells.

Powder characteristics

The main results are as follows: 1. The diameter of wood fiber is 25-30 μ m, some cells are wide, some are narrow, and the grooves are obvious.

2. The ray cells are rectangular and neatly arranged, the wall is beaded and thickened, and the wall hole is obvious.

3. Starch granules are numerous, round, helmet-shaped, 15 μ m in diameter. In addition, there are reticulated and fringed ducts.